Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic Adaptations in Phosphine-Resistant Tribolium castaneum Driven by Mitochondrial Enzyme Variability and Gene Expression","authors":"Mudagadde G. Deeksha,&nbsp;Suresh M. Nebapure,&nbsp;Anil Dahuja,&nbsp;Doddachowdappa Sagar,&nbsp;Ramcharan Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Sabtharishi Subramanian","doi":"10.1002/arch.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Phosphine fumigation is essential for controlling storage pests like <i>Tribolium castaneum</i>, but its frequent application has resulted in resistance, primarily due to mutations in the Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) gene associated with the <i>rph2</i> allele. This study demonstrates that the Patiala population exhibits homozygous resistance variations across populations, contrasting with the susceptibility observed in laboratory cultures. Our assessment of mitochondrial DLD and Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activities showed significantly elevated levels in the Patiala population, with increases of approximately sevenfold for DLD and 6.92-fold for COX, indicating mitochondrial adaptations for enhanced energy production. Kinetic analyses of DLD in the resistant Patiala population showed a higher V_max (0.005 mmol/min) and a significantly increased Km (16.66 mM), indicating variations in maximal enzyme activity and substrate affinity. Furthermore, resistant <i>T. castaneum</i> populations displayed substantial upregulation of DLD and COX gene expression, with DLD expression increasing by 10.53-fold and COX expression peaking at 102.57-fold in Patiala. Pearson correlation analysis indicated strong positive correlations (<i>r</i> &gt; 0.8) between enzymatic activity and gene expression for both DLD and COX, suggesting a coordinated role in resistance mechanisms. The PCA biplot illustrated distribution patterns of enzymatic activity and gene expression among field-resistant populations, highlighting the association between increased resistance and elevated enzymatic activity and gene expression levels. Therefore, the upregulation of DLD and COX activities in resistant populations underscores their critical roles in counteracting phosphine, reflecting metabolic reprogramming for improved energy production under stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Aphid Pest Superclone Benefits From a Facultative Bacterial Endosymbiont in a Host-Dependent Manner, Leading to Reproductive and Proteomic Changes","authors":"Leandro Mahieu,&nbsp;Angélica González-González,&nbsp;María Eugenia Rubio-Meléndez,&nbsp;Mario Moya-Hernández,&nbsp;Frederic Francis,&nbsp;Claudio C. Ramírez","doi":"10.1002/arch.22154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The English grain aphid, <i>Sitobion avenae</i>, is a significant agricultural pest affecting wheat, barley, and oats. In Chile, the most prevalent and persistent clone (superclone) of <i>S. avenae</i> harbors the facultative endosymbiont bacterium <i>Regiella insecticola</i>. To determine the role of this bacterium in the reproductive success of this superclone, the presence of <i>R. insecticola</i> was manipulated to assess its impact on (1) the reproductive performance of this clone on two host plant species (wheat and barley), (2) the production of winged morphs, (3) changes in the insects' proteomic profiles, and (4) the root/shoot ratio of plant. It was found that the reproductive performance of this <i>S. avenae</i> superclone varied across host plants, depending on the presence of the facultative bacterial endosymbiont. Aphids infected with <i>R. insecticola</i> showed higher reproductive success on wheat, while the opposite effect was observed on barley. Aphid biomass was greater when infected with <i>R. insecticola</i>, particularly on barley. Additionally, aphids harboring <i>R. insecticola</i> exhibited a higher proportion of winged individuals on both host plants. Protein regulation in aphids on wheat was lower compared to those on barley. A higher root/shoot biomass ratio was observed in wheat plants compared to barley when infested by <i>R. insecticola</i>-infected aphid. Thus, <i>R. insecticola</i> significantly influences the reproductive performance and proteomic profile of a <i>S. avenae</i> superclone, with these effects shaped by the host plant. This suggests that the interaction between the host plant and the facultative endosymbiont contributes to the ecological success of this superclone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postnatal Wing Morph of Pea Aphids Regulates Hemolymph Trehalose Levels","authors":"Mayu Yoshinaga,&nbsp;Naomi Soma,&nbsp;Shingo Kikuta","doi":"10.1002/arch.22156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22156","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules, functions as a critical energy source in various insect tissues and organs and is the predominant sugar component of the hemolymph. The pea aphid, <i>Acyrthosiphon pisum</i>, exhibits higher hemolymph trehalose levels than other insects. However, the dynamics of hemolymph trehalose levels throughout its life stages remain unclear owing to the challenges associated with obtaining hemolymph from these small insects. Therefore, this study was conducted to quantify hemolymph trehalose levels in <i>A</i>. <i>pisum</i> using a fluorescent trehalose sensor (Tre-C04), which enhances green fluorescent protein fluorescence through the binding of trehalose to a ligand-binding protein fused to the fluorophore. Trehalose levels were successfully quantified in minimal hemolymph samples from individual aphids, with measurements spanning from the first nymphal stage to the adult stage in both the winged and wingless forms of <i>A</i>. <i>pisum</i>. Hemolymph trehalose levels remained relatively stable throughout the life cycle but exhibited a gradual increase with each developmental stage. Notably, adult winged aphids exhibited significantly higher hemolymph trehalose levels than wingless aphids. Given that wing morph determination occurs early in the nymphal stage, these findings suggest that hemolymph trehalose levels are regulated post-wing morph development. Further investigation of the expression of genes associated with trehalose metabolism revealed that trehalose phosphate synthase 2 levels were downregulated in early-stage wingless adults, whereas insulin-related peptide 5 levels were upregulated in wingless aphids. These findings indicate that <i>A</i>. <i>pisum</i> synthesizes trehalose during the winged adult stage to serve as an energy source for flight.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arch.22156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142435006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Nematode Isolate, Oscheius Tipulae, Exhibiting a Wide Entomopathogenic Spectrum and its Application to Control Dipteran Insect Pests","authors":"Eticha Abdisa,&nbsp;Mojtaba Esmaeily,&nbsp;Jiyoon Kwon,&nbsp;Gahyeon Jin,&nbsp;Yonggyun Kim","doi":"10.1002/arch.22152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An entomopathogenic nematode, <i>Oscheius tipulae</i>, was isolated from a soil sample. The identification of this species was supported by morphological and molecular markers. The nematode isolate exhibited pathogenicity against different target insects including lepidopteran, coleopteran, and dipteran insects. The virulence of this nematode was similar to that of a well-known entomopathogenic nematode, <i>Steinernema carpocapsae</i>, against the same insect targets. A comparative metagenomics analysis of these two nematode species predicted the existence of a combined total of 272 bacterial species in their intestines, of which 51 bacterial species were shared between the two nematode species. In particular, the common gut bacteria included several entomopathogenic bacteria including <i>Xenorhabdus nematophila</i>, which is known as a symbiotic bacterium to <i>S. carpocapsae</i>. The nematode virulence of <i>O. tipulae</i> to insects was enhanced by an addition of dexamethasone but suppressed by an addition of arachidonic acid, suggesting that the immune defenses of the target insects against the nematode infection is mediated by eicosanoids, which would be manipulated by the symbiotic bacteria of the nematode. Unlike <i>S. carpocapsae</i>, <i>O. tipulae</i> showed high virulence against dipteran insects including fruit flies, onion flies, and mosquitoes. <i>O. tipulae</i> showed particularly high control efficacies against the onion maggot, <i>Delia platura</i>, infesting the Welsh onion in the rhizosphere in both pot and field assays.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble Guanylate Cyclase α1 Gene Influences Egg-Laying Amount and Hatching Rate in Bombyx mori","authors":"Jianghong Chu,&nbsp;Mengting Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Hu,&nbsp;Qing Wang,&nbsp;Xudong Li,&nbsp;Ruirui Cui,&nbsp;Lei Wang","doi":"10.1002/arch.22153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22153","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) serves as a receptor of nitric oxide (NO) and is the core metalloenzyme in the NO signal transduction pathway. sGC plays a key role in the NO-cGMP signal transduction pathway and participates in various physiological processes, including cell differentiation, neuron transmission, and internal environment homeostasis. sGC consists of two subunits, α and β, each subunit containing multiple isoforms. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the <i>sGC-α1</i> gene in the silkworm <i>Bombyx mori</i> (<i>BmsGC-α1</i>). The <i>BmsGC-α1</i> gene was expressed highest at the pupal stages. The highest <i>BmsGC-α1</i> mRNA expression was observed in the head of fifth instar larvae and in fat body during the wandering stage of <i>B. mori</i>. Furthermore, we observed that feeding fifth instar larvae with thyroid hormone and nitroglycerin induced the expression of the <i>BmsGC-α1</i> gene. Injection of <i>BmsGC-α1</i> siRNA into silkworms at the prepupal stage resulted in a significant decrease in <i>BmsGC-α1</i> expression levels at 48 and 72 h postinjection. After silencing <i>BmsGC-α1</i>, both the egg-laying amount and hatching rate of silkworm eggs were significantly reduced compared to the control group. These results suggest that <i>BmsGC-α1</i> plays an important role in regulating the reproductive system of silkworms. This finding enhances our understanding of the functional diversity of sGC in insects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142324426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Aquaporin Diversity in Elateroidea: Insights From RNA-Seq Data Sets","authors":"Danilo Trabuco Amaral","doi":"10.1002/arch.22149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Osmoregulation, the physiological regulation of water and ion balance, is vital for the survival of both aquatic and terrestrial insects. In freshwater aquatic insects, such as those within the Lampyridae family, this function is important due to the natural variation of aquatic habitats. Aquaporins play a key role in this process by facilitating the rapid transport of water molecules across cell membranes, maintaining cellular water balance, and adapting to changes in external salinity. In this study, I investigate the genetic diversity and expression levels of aquaporins in Elateroidea, particularly focusing on the Lampyridae family, using transcriptomic data and in silico analyses. The results reveal the diversity of aquaporins and compare gene expression patterns between freshwater aquatic Lampyridae and terrestrial Elateroidea species, such as Lycidae, Phengodidae, and Elateridae. Phylogenetic analyses identify seven distinct clades of aquaporins and uncovered gene duplication events related to the diversification of Elateridae and Lampyridae. A comparative abundance analysis indicated higher aquaporin expression in aquatic fireflies, aligning with the need for efficient osmoregulation in aquatic environments. Additionally, stage-specific expression patterns in <i>Aspisoma lineatum</i> (Neotropical firefly) and <i>Aquatica lateralis</i> (Paleartic firefly) suggest species-specific strategies for coping with osmotic challenges during development. This study provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of aquaporins in Elateroidea, highlighting their importance in both aquatic and terrestrial insect physiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142257767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selenium Treatment Ameliorates the Adverse Effects Caused by Dynamin Gene Knockdown in Bombyx mori","authors":"Ting-Ting Hong,&nbsp;Shuo Hu,&nbsp;Fei Hu,&nbsp;Wen-Jie Ge,&nbsp;Kiran Thakur,&nbsp;Shun-Ming Tang,&nbsp;Zhao-Jun Wei","doi":"10.1002/arch.22148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our previous research reported the influence of 50 μM selenium (Se) on the cytosolization (endocytosis) pathway, which in turn stimulates the growth and development of <i>Bombyx mori</i>. Lately, dynamin is recognized as one of the key proteins in endocytosis. To explore the underlying mechanisms of Se impact, the dynamin gene was knocked down by injecting siRNAs (<i>Dynamin-1</i>, <i>Dynamin-2</i>, and <i>Dynamin-3</i>). This was followed by an analysis of the target gene and levels of silk protein genes, as well as growth and developmental indices, Se-enrichment capacity, degree of oxidative damage, and antioxidant capacity of <i>B. mori</i>. Our findings showed a considerable decrease in the relative expression of the dynamin gene in all tissues 24 h after the interference and a dramatic decrease in the silkworm body after 48 h. RNAi <i>dynamin</i> gene decreased the silkworm body weight, cocoon shell weight, and the ratio of cocoon. In the meantime, malondialdehyde level increased and glutathione level and superoxide dismutase/catalase activities decreased. 50 μM Se markedly ameliorated these growth and physiological deficits as well as decreases in dynamin gene expression. On the other hand, there were no significant effects on fertility (including produced eggs and laid eggs) between the interference and Se treatments. Additionally, the Se content in the <i>B. mori</i> increased after the <i>dynamin</i> gene interference. The <i>dynamin</i> gene was highly expressed in the silk gland and declined significantly after interference. Among the three siRNAs (<i>Dynamin-1</i>, <i>Dynamin-2</i>, and <i>Dynamin-3</i>), the <i>dynamin-2</i> displayed the highest interference effects to target gene expression. Our results demonstrated that 50 μM Se was effective to prevent any adverse effects caused by <i>dynamin</i> knockdown in silkworms. This provides practical implications for <i>B</i>. <i>mori</i> breeding industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142165281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cover Image, Volume 116, Number 4, August 2024","authors":"Briana E. Price,&nbsp;Hyo Sang Jang,&nbsp;Ryssa K. Parks,&nbsp;Man-Yeon Choi","doi":"10.1002/arch.22150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cover image: The cover image is based on the article <i>Functional expression and characterization of CAPA receptor in the digestive tract and life stages of Drosophila suzukii, and differential activities with insect PRXamide peptides</i> by Briana E. Price et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22080.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"116 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arch.22150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142100450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Functional Analysis of Adipokinetic Hormone Receptor in Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée Larvae Parasitized by Macrocentrus cingulum","authors":"Libao Wang,&nbsp;Zhaoyang Han,&nbsp;Xu Liu,&nbsp;Shuzhong Li,&nbsp;Honglun Bi,&nbsp;Congjing Feng","doi":"10.1002/arch.22147","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As a typical G protein-coupled receptor, the adipokinetic hormone receptor (AKHR) has seven transmembrane domains (TMDs), and its structure and function are similar to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR) in vertebrates. However, there is a dearth of information on other components of the AKHR signaling pathway and how it functions in the interaction between insect hosts and parasitoids. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the multifunctional <i>Ostrinia furnacalis</i> AKHR (OfAKHR) cDNA (GenBank accession number MF797868). <i>OfAKHR</i> has a 2206 bp full-length cDNA, which includes an open reading frame containing 1194 bp. OfAKHR contains the typical seven TMDs, and a “DRY” motif. <i>OfAKHR</i> has the highest relative expression in the fat body and the fifth instar larvae. The results revealed that <i>ApoLpⅢ</i>, <i>PPO</i>2, <i>GS</i>, <i>TPS, Cecropin</i>, and <i>Moricin</i> decreased the transcription levels from 48 to 72 h after the knockdown of <i>OfAKHR</i> expression by <i>ds</i>OfAKHR injection in the fourth instar <i>O. furnacalis</i> larvae. The parasitization of <i>Macrocentrus cingulum</i> selectively upregulated the expression levels of nutrition metabolism and immune-related genes in parasitized <i>O. furnacalis</i> larvae, stimulated lysozyme activity, and obviously raised the concentrations of triglyceride and trehalose in the hemolymph of <i>O. furnacalis</i> larvae. However, they inhibited the activities of PO and trehalase. This study is conducive to a deeper cognition of the roles of OfAKHR in nutrition and immune homeostasis, coevolution, and coexistence between parasitic wasps and hosts. It also sheds light on the potential as the target of pest control reagents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"116 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142078939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of RNASET2 in the immune response of black soldier fly larvae","authors":"Sara Caramella,&nbsp;Nicolò Baranzini,&nbsp;Daniele Bruno,&nbsp;Viviana Teresa Orlandi,&nbsp;Amr Mohamed,&nbsp;Fabrizio Bolognese,&nbsp;Annalisa Grimaldi,&nbsp;Gianluca Tettamanti","doi":"10.1002/arch.22146","DOIUrl":"10.1002/arch.22146","url":null,"abstract":"<p>T2 RNases are transferase-type enzymes distributed across phyla, crucial for breaking down single-stranded RNA molecules. In addition to their canonical function, several T2 enzymes exhibit pleiotropic roles, contributing to various biological processes, such as the immune response in invertebrates and vertebrates. This study aims at characterizing RNASET2 in the larvae of black soldier fly (BSF), <i>Hermetia illucens</i>, which are used for organic waste reduction and the production of valuable insect biomolecules for feed formulation and other applications. Given the exposure of BSF larvae to pathogens present in the feeding substrate, it is likely that the mechanisms of their immune response have undergone significant evolution and increased complexity. After in silico characterization of HiRNASET2, demonstrating the high conservation of this T2 homolog, we investigated the expression pattern of the enzyme in the fat body and hemocytes, two districts mainly involved in the insect immune response, in larvae challenged with bacterial infection. While no variation in HiRNASET2 expression was observed in the fat body following infection, a significant upregulation of HiRNASET2 synthesis occurred in hemocytes shortly after the injection of bacteria in the larva. The intracellular localization of HiRNASET2 in lysosomes of plasmatocytes, its extracellular association with bacteria, and the presence of a putative antimicrobial domain in the molecule, suggest its potential role in RNA clean-up and as an alarm molecule promoting phagocytosis activation by hemocytes. These insights contribute to the characterization of the immune response of <i>Hermetia illucens</i> larvae and may facilitate the development of animal feedstuff enriched with highly valuable BSF bioactive compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":8281,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology","volume":"116 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/arch.22146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}