{"title":"Optimal regularity of the thin obstacle problem by an epiperimetric inequality","authors":"Matteo Carducci","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01403-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01403-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The key point to prove the optimal <span>(C^{1,frac{1}{2}})</span> regularity of the thin obstacle problem is that the frequency at a point of the free boundary <span>(x_0in Gamma (u))</span>, say <span>(N^{x_0}(0^+,u))</span>, satisfies the lower bound <span>(N^{x_0}(0^+,u)ge frac{3}{2})</span>. In this paper, we show an alternative method to prove this estimate, using an epiperimetric inequality for negative energies <span>(W_frac{3}{2})</span>. It allows to say that there are not <span>(lambda -)</span>homogeneous global solutions with <span>(lambda in (1,frac{3}{2}))</span>, and by this frequency gap, we obtain the desired lower bound, thus a new self-contained proof of the optimal regularity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138546932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Positive flow-spines and contact 3-manifolds, II","authors":"Ippei Ishii, Masaharu Ishikawa, Yuya Koda, Hironobu Naoe","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01400-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01400-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In our previous paper, it is proved that for any positive flow-spine <i>P</i> of a closed, oriented 3-manifold <i>M</i>, there exists a unique contact structure supported by <i>P</i> up to isotopy. In particular, this defines a map from the set of isotopy classes of positive flow-spines of <i>M</i> to the set of isotopy classes of contact structures on <i>M</i>. In this paper, we show that this map is surjective. As a corollary, we show that any flow-spine can be deformed to a positive flow-spine by applying first and second regular moves successively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138554598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Double-tower solutions for higher-order prescribed curvature problem","authors":"Yuan Gao, Yuxia Guo, Yichen Hu","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01404-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01404-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider the following higher-order prescribed curvature problem on <span>( {mathbb {S}}^N: )</span></p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} D^m {tilde{u}}=widetilde{K}(y) {tilde{u}}^{m^{*}-1} quad text{ on } {mathbb {S}}^N, qquad {tilde{u}} >0 quad {quad hbox {in } }{mathbb {S}}^N. end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>where <span>(widetilde{K}(y)>0)</span> is a radial function, <span>(m^{*}=frac{2N}{N-2m})</span>, and <span>(D^m)</span> is the 2<i>m</i>-order differential operator given by </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} D^m=prod _{i=1}^mleft( -Delta _g+frac{1}{4}(N-2i)(N+2i-2)right) , end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>where <span>(g=g_{{mathbb {S}}^N})</span> is the Riemannian metric. We prove the existence of infinitely many double-tower type solutions, which are invariant under some non-trivial sub-groups of <i>O</i>(3), and their energy can be made arbitrarily large.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138548539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uberlandio B. Severo, José Carlos de Albuquerque, Edjane O. dos Santos
{"title":"Existence and asymptotic behavior of ground states for linearly coupled systems involving exponential growth","authors":"Uberlandio B. Severo, José Carlos de Albuquerque, Edjane O. dos Santos","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01407-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01407-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we study the following class of linearly coupled systems in the plane: </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} {left{ begin{array}{ll} -Delta u + u = f_1(u) + lambda v,quad text{ in }quad mathbb {R}^2, -Delta v + v = f_2(v) + lambda u,quad text{ in }quad mathbb {R}^2, end{array}right. } end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>where <span>(f_{1}, f_{2})</span> are continuous functions with critical exponential growth in the sense of Trudinger-Moser inequality and <span>(0<lambda <1)</span> is a parameter. First, for any <span>(lambda in (0,1))</span>, by using minimization arguments and minimax estimates we prove the existence of a positive ground state solution. Moreover, we study the asymptotic behavior of these solutions when <span>(lambda rightarrow 0^{+})</span>. This class of systems can model phenomena in nonlinear optics and in plasma physics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three dimensional Lie groups of scalar Randers type","authors":"Lun Zhang, Libing Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01401-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01401-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>If a Lie group admits a left invariant Randers metric of scalar flag curvature, then it is called of scalar Randers type. In this paper we determine all simply connected three dimensional Lie groups of scalar Randers type. It turns out that such groups must also admit a left invariant Riemannian metric with constant sectional curvature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robin problems for elliptic equations with singular drifts on Lipschitz domains","authors":"Wenxian Ma, Sibei Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01399-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01399-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Let <span>(nge 2)</span> and <span>(Omega subset mathbb {R}^n)</span> be a bounded Lipschitz domain. Assume that <span>(textbf{b}in L^{n*}(Omega ;mathbb {R}^n))</span> and <span>(gamma )</span> is a non-negative function on <span>(partial Omega )</span> satisfying some mild assumptions, where <span>(n^*:=n)</span> when <span>(nge 3)</span> and <span>(n^*in (2,infty ))</span> when <span>(n=2)</span>. In this article, we establish the unique solvability of the Robin problems </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} left{ begin{aligned} -Delta u+textrm{div}(utextbf{b})&=f{} & {} text {in} Omega , left( nabla u-utextbf{b}right) cdot varvec{nu }+gamma u&=u_R{} & {} text {on} partial Omega end{aligned}right. end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>and </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} left{ begin{aligned} -Delta v-textbf{b}cdot nabla v&=g{} & {} text {in} Omega , nabla vcdot varvec{nu }+gamma v&=v_R{} & {} text {on} partial Omega end{aligned}right. end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>in the Bessel potential space <span>(L^p_alpha (Omega ))</span>, where <span>(alpha in (0,2))</span> and <span>(pin (1,infty ))</span> satisfy some restraint conditions, and <span>(varvec{nu })</span> denotes the outward unit normal to the boundary <span>(partial Omega )</span>. The results obtained in this article extend the corresponding results established by Kim and Kwon (Trans Am Math Soc 375:6537–6574, 2022) for the Dirichlet and the Neumann problems to the case of the Robin problem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Timothy J. Edwards, Thomas Michael Keller, Ryan M. Pesak, Karthik Sellakumaran Latha
{"title":"The prime graphs of groups with arithmetically small composition factors","authors":"Timothy J. Edwards, Thomas Michael Keller, Ryan M. Pesak, Karthik Sellakumaran Latha","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01388-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01388-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We continue the study of prime graphs of finite groups, also known as Gruenberg–Kegel graphs. The vertices of the prime graph of a finite group are the prime divisors of the group order, and two vertices <i>p</i> and <i>q</i> are connected by an edge if and only if there is an element of order <i>pq</i> in the group. Prime graphs of solvable groups have been characterized in graph theoretical terms only, as have been the prime graphs of groups whose only nonsolvable composition factor is <span>(A_5)</span>. In this paper, we classify the prime graphs of all groups whose composition factors have arithmetically small orders, that is, have no more than three prime divisors in their orders. We find that all such graphs have 3-colorable complements, and we provide full characterizations of the prime graphs of such groups based on the exact type and multiplicity of the nonabelian composition factors of the group.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On a minimizing movement scheme for mean curvature flow with prescribed contact angle in a curved domain and its computation","authors":"Tokuhiro Eto, Yoshikazu Giga","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01398-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01398-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We introduce a capillary Chambolle-type scheme for mean curvature flow with prescribed contact angle. Our scheme includes a capillary functional instead of just the total variation. We show that the scheme is well-defined and has consistency with the energy minimizing scheme of Almgren–Taylor–Wang type. Moreover, for a planar motion in a strip, we give several examples of numerical computation of this scheme based on the split Bregman method instead of a duality method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10231-023-01398-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elastic graphs with clamped boundary and length constraints","authors":"Anna Dall’Acqua, Klaus Deckelnick","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01396-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01396-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study two minimization problems concerning the elastic energy on curves given by graphs subject to symmetric clamped boundary conditions. In the first, the inextensible problem, we fix the length of the curves while in the second, the extensible problem, we add a term penalizing the length. This can be considered as a one-dimensional version of the Helfrich energy. In both cases, we prove existence, uniqueness and qualitative properties of the minimizers. A key ingredient in our analysis is the use of Noether identities valid for critical points of the energy and derived from the invariance of the energy functional with respect to translations. These identities allow us also to prove curvature bounds and ordering of the minimizers even though the problem is of fourth order and hence in general does not allow for comparison principles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10231-023-01396-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A counterexample to (L^{infty })-gradient type estimates for Ornstein–Uhlenbeck operators","authors":"Emanuele Dolera, Enrico Priola","doi":"10.1007/s10231-023-01389-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10231-023-01389-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Let <span>((lambda _k))</span> be a strictly increasing sequence of positive numbers such that <span>({sum _{k=1}^{infty } frac{1}{lambda _k} < infty })</span>. Let <i>f</i> be a bounded smooth function and denote by <span>(u= u^f)</span> the bounded classical solution to </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} u(x) - frac{1}{2}sum _{k=1}^m D^2_{kk} u(x) + sum _{k =1}^m lambda _k x_k D_k u(x) = f(x),quad x in {{mathbb {R}}}^m . end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>It is known that the following dimension-free estimate holds: </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} displaystyle int _{{{mathbb {R}}}^m}! left[ sum _{k=1}^m lambda _k , (D_k u (y))^2 right] ^{p/2} !! !!!! mu _m (textrm{d}y) le (c_p)^p !! int _{{{mathbb {R}}}^m} !! |f( y)|^p mu _m (textrm{d}y),;;; 1< p < infty end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>where <span>(mu _m)</span> is the “diagonal” Gaussian measure determined by <span>(lambda _1, ldots , lambda _m)</span> and <span>(c_p > 0)</span> is independent of <i>f</i> and <i>m</i>. This is a consequence of generalized Meyer’s inequalities [4]. We show that, if <span>(lambda _k sim k^2)</span>, then such estimate does not hold when <span>(p= infty )</span>. Indeed we prove </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} sup _{begin{array}{c} f in C^{ 2}_b({{mathbb {R}}}^m),;;; Vert fVert _{infty } le 1 end{array}} left{ sum _{k=1}^m lambda _k , (D_k u^f (0))^2 right} rightarrow infty ;; text{ as } ; m rightarrow infty . end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>This is in contrast to the case of <span>(lambda _k = lambda >0)</span>, <span>(k ge 1)</span>, where a dimension-free bound holds for <span>(p =infty )</span>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8265,"journal":{"name":"Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10231-023-01389-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}