Archaeometry最新文献

{"title":"ArchaeoPyDating: A new user-friendly release for archaeomagnetic dating","authors":"Mario Serrano,&nbsp;F. Javier Pavón-Carrasco,&nbsp;Saioa A. Campuzano,&nbsp;M. Luisa Osete","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13009","DOIUrl":"10.1111/arcm.13009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, we present <i>ArchaeoPyDating</i>, a new version of the <i>archaeo_dating</i> Matlab software used for archaeomagnetic dating. This updated version introduces a transition from the original Matlab code to Python, enabling the software to be presented as an online tool. By offering a web-based interface, <i>ArchaeoPyDating</i> eliminates the need for licenses, program installations, or programming expertise, making it widely accessible to users through various devices and browsers. This enhanced accessibility holds great potential for popularizing the archaeomagnetic dating method. This study presents both the new online version of the tool and a Python module that encompasses all the essential classes and functions required for conducting archaeomagnetic dating in a command-line environment, which can be useful for advanced users.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"66 6","pages":"1424-1437"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beads of Alexandria: Non-invasive analysis of glass from Roman, Late Antique and Islamic Kom el-Dikka, Egypt","authors":"Joanna Then-Obłuska,&nbsp;Olga Syta","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13002","DOIUrl":"10.1111/arcm.13002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Written sources indicate that Alexandria in Egypt was a leading producer of Roman glass. Furthermore, archaeological finds have provided evidence for the local production of drawn glass and gold-in-glass beads, which were distributed throughout the world. In this study, we present an analysis of the chemical composition of more than two hundred glass objects from the Roman (2nd–3rd/4th century <span>ce</span>) and Late Antique (4th/5th–7th century <span>ce</span>) glass bead workshops located at Kom el-Dikka in Alexandria. This study is based on the results of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyses carried out on raw glass, bead semi-products, products and waste from both periods. Additionally, the glass chemistry of some Islamic (8th–12th century <span>ce</span>) beads found at the site has been analysed.</p><p>Despite the limitations of the method, the vast majority of samples exhibited compositions confirming their general dating and Egyptian origin. Remarkably, a single bead was made of high-alumina glass and appeared to be an import from India, possibly a remnant of the Indo-Pacific glass bead route that connected Red Sea ports and Europe in Late Antiquity. In addition, we offer a new analytical approach to the method that has potential to enhance the value of pXRF in the analysis of archaeological glass.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 1","pages":"87-111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/arcm.13002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"City size distribution of towns in the 17th century in Lower Silesia","authors":"Angelika Kosieradzka,&nbsp;Bogna Ludwig","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13010","DOIUrl":"10.1111/arcm.13010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper attempts to verify the hierarchy of towns in Lower Silesia on the basis of population data from the second decade of the 17th century, assuming that a statistically described distribution law applies. The analysis of the city size distribution was based on Gibrat's law and Zipf's rank-size rule. This made it possible to verify the assumptions made at the outset and to estimate the population of towns of unknown size and designated rank. The research carried out suggests a revision of the estimates, especially for the largest cities in the region, which tend to be underestimated. Studies have also shown that the method can be extremely useful for verifying uncertain and incomplete historical demographic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 1","pages":"248-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the classification of ancient silicate glass artifacts based on machine learning","authors":"Wei Chen,&nbsp;Dan Chen","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/arcm.13001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Classifying cultural relics has always been a major challenge for archaeologists. Using glass artifacts as the research object, a classification model for glass artifacts was constructed using decision trees, support vector machines, and logistic regression methods based on their patterns, colors, surface weathering conditions, types, and composition ratios. Three models were used to identify the types of unknown glass artifacts. A subclassification model for high-potassium glass and lead barium glass was established using the K-means clustering method. The elbow method and average contour method were used to determine the optimal number of clusters, and the decision tree model was named based on the characteristics of the cluster center components. The research results indicate that the three models yield consistent identification results for unknown types of glass relics, and the classification results are good. Lead barium glass and high-potassium glass can be divided into three and six subclasses, respectively, and the naming of the subclass decision tree is reasonable. The identification method for ancient glass relics in this article is highly practical and can provide a reference for the classification and identification of other component data.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 1","pages":"72-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian radiocarbon modelling for beginners","authors":"Caitlin E. Buck, Miguel A. Juárez","doi":"10.1111/arcm.12998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12998","url":null,"abstract":"Due to freely available, tailored software, Bayesian statistics is now the dominant paradigm for archaeological chronology construction in the UK and much of Europe and is increasing in popularity in the Americas. Such software provides users with powerful tools for Bayesian inference for chronological models with little need to undertake formal study of statistical modelling or computer programming. This runs the risk that it is reduced to the status of a black box, which is not sensible given the power and complexity of the modelling tools it implements. In this paper we seek to offer intuitive insight to ensure that readers from the archaeological research community who use Bayesian chronological modelling software will be better able to make well educated choices about the tools and techniques they adopt. Our hope is that they will then be both better informed about their own research designs and better prepared to offer constructively critical assessments of the modelling undertaken by others.","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141503777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signs of the sacred at the sanctuary of Gravisca, Italy: reconstruction of an Etruscan ritual through a multidisciplinary approach","authors":"Giulia Patrizi,&nbsp;Maxime Rageot,&nbsp;Sara Cafisso,&nbsp;Antonio Pennetta,&nbsp;Lucio Fiorini,&nbsp;Giuseppe Egidio De Benedetto,&nbsp;Cynthianne Spiteri,&nbsp;Girolamo Fiorentino","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Archaeological campaigns carried out at the emporic sanctuary of Gravisca (Tarquinia, Italy) have revealed extraordinary evidence for ritual depositions and ceremonies linked to the divinities/guarantors of the sanctuary. The ritual of one such deposition was reconstructed using a multidisciplinary approach, comprising an in-depth analysis of the stratigraphy and archaeobotanical and lipid biomolecular techniques. This approach helped to define the possible sequence of events and human actions that occurred during the ritual, the animal and plant offerings, how these were processed, and the season during which the ceremony took place. Lipid biomolecular analysis also suggested the presence of <i>garum</i>, which to date is the earliest evidence for its use in the Mediterranean area.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 1","pages":"235-247"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring new discoveries of steel fining in a Western Han Dynasty city in southwest China: A case study of steel fining remains excavated from the ancient Xindu city in Sichuan Province","authors":"Tian Qiu,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Zhanfeng Yang,&nbsp;Yingfu Li","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.13004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Archaeological discoveries and historical documents show that the Chengdu Plain was the most important iron production center in the southwest region of China during the Qin and Han dynasties. However, due to the lack of archaeological evidence, the iron production technology of cities in the Chengdu Plain during the Qin and Han dynasties remains unclear. The Xindu city site is located in Qingbaijiang District, Chengdu Sichuan Province. It was an important city site in the Chengdu Plain during the Han and Jin dynasties. During excavation of the Xindu city site, archaeologists unearthed a large number of metallurgical remains such as slags and tuyeres, as well as two severely damaged hearth bases near the western city wall. Scientific analysis results suggest that the metallurgical remains are related to the steel fining process and could be dated back to the Western Han Dynasty. The metallurgical remains in the Xindu city are the earliest known artifacts associated with the steel fining process in southwest China. This discovery also marks the first identification of iron industry workshops in a Han Dynasty city in the Chengdu Plain. The findings reveal a different industrial layout pattern from previously discovered Han Dynasty metallurgical sites in the Chengdu Plain. Additionally, this discovery provides archaeometallurgical evidence for the central government's development in southwest China during the Han Dynasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 1","pages":"132-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formula process and coloring mechanism of bluish-white porcelains from the Lanxi kiln in Fujian, China","authors":"Bo Wu,&nbsp;Baihui Hu,&nbsp;Zelin Yang,&nbsp;Hongxing Xu,&nbsp;Minxiao Chen,&nbsp;Yunying Huang,&nbsp;Kailai Liang,&nbsp;Hongxi Huang,&nbsp;Huan Xiong","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13006","DOIUrl":"10.1111/arcm.13006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bluish-white porcelain was a prominent type of porcelain in ancient China, renowned for its distinctive artistic style and unique characteristics. The Lanxi kiln in Jianning County, Fujian Province, has unearthed a multitude of bluish-white porcelain products from the Southern Song dynasty that exhibit vibrant glaze color and exceptional craftsmanship. The quality of these porcelains surpasses that of contemporaneous Jingdezhen and Baishe kiln products in Jiangxi Province, representing the pinnacle of bluish-white porcelain excavated across various regions of China during the Southern Song dynasty. In this study, samples of bluish-white porcelain from the Lanxi kiln and Baishe kiln, dating back to the Southern Song dynasty, were selected and analyzed via energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectrophotometer, metallographic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with EDS to investigate their glaze formula process and coloring mechanism. Moreover, these findings were subsequently compared with those of Jingdezhen bluish-white porcelain from the same period. The results demonstrate that the raw materials of porcelain stones used in the glaze of the Lanxi and Jingdezhen kiln are similar in composition yet differ significantly from that employed in the Baishe kiln. Potassium feldspar was added to the glazes of the Baishe and Lanxi kiln, potentially existing exchanges of process of the two kilns due to their geographic proximity. The firing atmosphere of bluish-white porcelain with different glaze colors in the same kiln exhibits significant variations. In particular, the lake blue sample undergoes firing under a strong reducing atmosphere, resulting in an excess content of Fe²⁺ in octahedral hexagon coordination within the glaze, thereby intensifying its blue hue. The colors of various glazes are determined by both chemical color and physical color. The former is a result of the absorption of Fe³⁺ in the ultraviolet region and the d-d electron orbital transition of Fe²⁺ in the infrared region. However, the latter is not the scattering physical color but the diffuse reflection physical color produced by bubbles and anorthite crystallization layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 2","pages":"313-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141345812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The time scale of nomadic steelmaking from molten cast iron","authors":"Jang-Sik Park","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13007","DOIUrl":"10.1111/arcm.13007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A structure consisting of roughly spherical particles of pearlite approximately 50 μm in diameter has repeatedly been observed in iron fragments excavated from across the Mongolian steppe. This structure illustrates a treatment where molten cast iron was subjected to an isothermal solidification reaction driven by the lowering of its carbon level through rapid decarburization. A simplified diffusion-controlled model predicts that the reaction will be completed almost instantly once the cast iron reaches the fully molten state in an oxidizing environment. The technique apparently served as an effective process for small-scale steelmaking, particularly in marginal steppe environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 1","pages":"148-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141353923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-depth study of a speiss/matte sample from Castillo de Huarmey, North Coast of Peru, and its implications for the pre-Columbian production of arsenic bronze in the Central Andes","authors":"Rafał Warchulski,&nbsp;Maciej Kałaska,&nbsp;Branden Cesare Rizzuto,&nbsp;Paula Sierpień,&nbsp;Marcin Pisarek,&nbsp;Grzegorz Kaproń,&nbsp;Beata Marciniak-Maliszewska,&nbsp;Petras Jokubauskas,&nbsp;Jakub Kotowski,&nbsp;Dorota Środek,&nbsp;Patrycja Przadka-Giersz,&nbsp;Miłosz Giersz","doi":"10.1111/arcm.13000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/arcm.13000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to characterize the phase composition and chemistry of the speiss/matte sample from the Metallurgist's Burial at Castillo de Huarmey and to use the information derived from these analyses to infer the temperatures, furnace conditions, and ores associated with the smelting processes, which created the speiss/matte sample. For this purpose, a number of geochemical analyses were performed on the spies/matte fragment: analysis of the general chemical composition (handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometry [hhXRF], X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [XPS]), analysis of the chemical composition in the micro area (field emission scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive spectroscopy detector [FE-SEM-EDS], field emission electron probe microanalysis [FE-EPMA]), analysis of the mineral composition (X-ray diffraction [XRD]), and analysis of the phase composition (Raman spectroscopy). Chemical and mineralogical analyses of the speiss/matte specimen determined that the specimen is composed of distinct arsenide, arsenate, sulfide, and glass phases. During the smelting process, the charge material consisted mainly of Cu, Fe, and As sulfides. Arsenopyrite is the most likely candidate as the mineral source of arsenic. In addition, temperatures of at least 1200°C were achieved during the smelting process, with smelting occurring over a relatively short timeframe given that effective density separation of speiss and matte phases was not achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":8254,"journal":{"name":"Archaeometry","volume":"67 1","pages":"112-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141370890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}