Applied Sciences最新文献_第7页

High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane 基于CB/CNT/PDA/TPU导电纤维膜的高灵敏度宽应变范围柔性应变传感器

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.3390/app15031461

Qiong Wei, Zihang Sun, Xudong Li, Zichao Chen, Yi Li

{"title":"High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range Flexible Strain Sensor Based on CB/CNT/PDA/TPU Conductive Fiber Membrane","authors":"Qiong Wei, Zihang Sun, Xudong Li, Zichao Chen, Yi Li","doi":"10.3390/app15031461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031461","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible strain sensors have attracted significant attention due to their critical applications in wearable devices, biological detection, and artificial intelligence. However, achieving both a wide strain range and high sensitivity remains a major challenge in current research. This study aims to develop a novel composite material with a synergistic conductive network to construct high-performance flexible strain sensors. Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanofiber membranes were first prepared using electrospinning technology, and their surface was modified with polydopamine (PDA) via in-situ polymerization, which significantly enhanced the fibers’ adsorption capacity for conductive materials. Subsequently, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon black (CB) were coated onto the PDA-modified TPU fibers through ultrasonic anchoring, forming a CB/CNT/PDA/TPU composite with a synergistic conductive network. The results demonstrated that the flexible strain sensor fabricated from this composite material (with a CB-to-CNT mass ratio of 7:3) achieved ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor, GF, up to 1063) over a wide strain range (up to 300%), along with a low detection limit (1% strain), fast response and recovery times (137 ms), and exceptional stability and durability. Further evaluations confirmed that this sensor reliably captured biological signals from various joint movements, highlighting its broad application potential in human motion monitoring, human–machine interaction, and soft robotics.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":"1461-1461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1461/pdf?version=1738314603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147917994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Preparation of Large-Sized Flaky Al2O3 for Thermally Conductive Fillers and Its Formation Mechanisms 大尺寸片状氧化铝导热填料的制备及其形成机理

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.3390/app15031417

Chengmin Wang, Zun Xia, Jianli Qiao, Xiuhui Wang, Hong Gao, Hongbo Yu, Jinlong Yang

引用次数: 4

Roasting Extraction of Lithium from Fly Ash: A Study of Influential Parameters and Mechanisms 粉煤灰焙烧萃取锂的影响参数及机理研究

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.3390/app15031280

Fayue Li, Jingfeng Liu, Longjiao Lv, Xiwei Mu, Yuting Ren, Guocheng Zhu

{"title":"Roasting Extraction of Lithium from Fly Ash: A Study of Influential Parameters and Mechanisms","authors":"Fayue Li, Jingfeng Liu, Longjiao Lv, Xiwei Mu, Yuting Ren, Guocheng Zhu","doi":"10.3390/app15031280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031280","url":null,"abstract":"Fly ash consists of significant amounts of lithium, which is an essential resource for developing batteries. This study proposed an efficient method for extracting lithium from fly ash. First, we explored the parameters affecting the activation effect of sodium carbonate roasting and the leaching efficiency of lithium using acid leaching. Additionally, ultrasonic pre-treatment was applied to enhance activation. A further mechanism for the roasting extraction of lithium was symmetrically analyzed. The results showed that ultrasonic treatment at 200 W for 1 h under alkaline leaching conditions (sodium hydroxide solution 4 mol/L, reaction temperature 80 °C, leaching time 2 h, solid–liquid ratio 1 g:30 mL) achieved a lithium leaching rate of 90.74%, surpassing the 84.72% with traditional roasting–alkaline leaching. Under optimal acid leaching conditions (850 °C for reaction of 2.5 h, fly ash-to-sodium carbonate ratio (Rfs) 1:2, sulfuric acid 2 mol/L, reaction temperature 80 °C, solid–liquid ratio 1 g:30 mL, and leaching time 1.5 h), the leaching rate reached 96.62%. With ultrasonic pre-treatment and acid leaching, the highest leaching rate of 98.68% achieved under optimal conditions: reaction temperature 850 °C for 2.5 h, mass Rfs at 1:1.5, sulfuric acid 2 mol/L, reaction temperature 80 °C, solid–liquid ratio 1 g:35 mL, and leaching time 120 min. The study demonstrated that ultrasonic pre-treatment outperforms the traditional method, achieving a higher leaching rate with fewer roasting additives and lower energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":"1280-1280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147887895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comprehensive Nutrient Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomic Assessment of Siraitia grosvenorii from Different Regions and Varying Degrees of Processing 不同产地、不同加工程度的罗汉果营养成分综合分析与非靶向代谢组学评价

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.3390/app15031020

Yuqiang Liu, Weiqian Yu, M. X. Bi, Yuting Zhang, Yuan Guan, Tiemin Jiang

{"title":"Comprehensive Nutrient Profiling and Untargeted Metabolomic Assessment of Siraitia grosvenorii from Different Regions and Varying Degrees of Processing","authors":"Yuqiang Liu, Weiqian Yu, M. X. Bi, Yuting Zhang, Yuan Guan, Tiemin Jiang","doi":"10.3390/app15031020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031020","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this study was to compare the nutrition and metabolite profiles of Siraitia grosvenorii from different regions (namely Yongfu and Longsheng) and processing stages. Our findings showed that fresh Siraitia grosvenorii from Longsheng contained higher levels of total sugars, protein, and crude fat compared with those from Yongfu, though both regions had similar dietary fiber and ash content. Dried Yongfu Siraitia grosvenorii showed increased nutrient levels. A mineral analysis revealed that fresh Siraitia grosvenorii from Yongfu had the highest levels of calcium, magnesium, and potassium along with distinct differences in other mineral concentrations compared with Longsheng. Notably, fresh Yongfu fruits had higher mineral content than dried ones, except for aluminum and selenium. Through an untargeted metabolomics analysis, we identified 470 metabolites, showing significant variation between fresh samples from Yongfu and Longsheng and between fresh and dried Yongfu samples. Key metabolites included carboxylic acids, fatty acyls, and organooxygen compounds. Additionally, we observed significant enrichment in metabolic pathways such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, galactose metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism, with notable differences in metabolite regulation depending on the region and processing stage. These findings highlight the influence of regional environmental factors and drying processes on the nutrient and metabolite composition of Siraitia grosvenorii.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":"1020-1020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1020/pdf?version=1737451804","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Study on the Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Biological Enzymes on the Quality of Summer Rock Tea Extract 生物酶对夏岩茶提取物品质的影响及作用机制研究

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.3390/app15010330

Zixuan Wang, Bo Yang, Peng Zhou, Guang Yang, Zhijun Zhao

{"title":"Study on the Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Biological Enzymes on the Quality of Summer Rock Tea Extract","authors":"Zixuan Wang, Bo Yang, Peng Zhou, Guang Yang, Zhijun Zhao","doi":"10.3390/app15010330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010330","url":null,"abstract":"The gallated catechin content in Wuyi Rock Tea is higher in the summer, leading to a more bitter and less desirable taste. Here, tannase, tyrosinase, and laccase were used to treat summer Rougui Wuyi Rock Tea extracts. The effects of single and combined enzymes on the taste of the tea extracts and their mechanisms of action were analyzed. Compared with the no-enzyme-treated sample, the sensory score results showed that tannase was the most effective, increasing the bitterness and astringency scores by 113.9% and 255.3%, respectively. Among the combined enzyme treatments, the samples treated with tannase and tyrosinase yielded the best sensory scores, with bitterness and astringency scores increasing by 141.2% and 289.0%, respectively. Data obtained using an electronic tongue confirmed the role of these enzymes, showing that, in addition to bitterness and astringency, enzyme treatment also influenced the bitterness aftertaste and astringency aftertaste, as well as its sourness and sweetness. Further product analysis revealed that tannase hydrolyzes the ester bonds on the gallacyl groups in gallated catechins, converting them to non-gallated catechins, while tyrosinase and laccase oxidize the phenolic hydroxyl groups on catechins to form o-quinone, leading to the production of theaflavins and improved tea quality. This study presents an effective approach to improving the quality of summer tea using biological enzymes.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"330-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/1/330/pdf?version=1735662382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147880075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial Heart Valve Scaffold Based on Electrospun PCL/PU Three-Layer Composite Fibers 基于静电纺PCL/PU三层复合纤维的人工心脏瓣膜支架

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.3390/app142412001

Xu Gao, Zhong Liu, Zhiwei Zhang, Yuan Gao, Jun Zhang, Yunze Long

{"title":"Artificial Heart Valve Scaffold Based on Electrospun PCL/PU Three-Layer Composite Fibers","authors":"Xu Gao, Zhong Liu, Zhiwei Zhang, Yuan Gao, Jun Zhang, Yunze Long","doi":"10.3390/app142412001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app142412001","url":null,"abstract":"Abnormal heart valve function is a major cause of heart disease and is often associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality from heart disease. Focusing on the field of valve replacement, tissue-engineered heart valves are becoming popular and attracting more attention. In this work, an artificial heart valve scaffold based on polycaprolactone/polyurethane (PCL/PU) three-layer composite fibers was prepared by 3D printing and electrospinning, including an inner PCL layer, a middle PCL/PU layer, and an outer PCL layer. The obtained valve scaffold had strong circumferential mechanical properties when PCL/PU = 1:2, and its elastic modulus was 14.7 MPa, similar to that of natural valve. The heart valve scaffold had good cytocompatibility, and the final cell survival rate was 99.8% after 14 days of cell culture. The layered structure makes the artificial heart valve more similar to the natural structure of the mammalian heart, which is conducive to cell proliferation and differentiation, and provides a reference solution for interventional treatment of heart valves.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"14 24","pages":"12001-12001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/12001/pdf?version=1734789548","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147889398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction and Physicochemical Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Soy Sauce Residue 超声辅助酶法提取酱油渣中可溶性膳食纤维及其理化性质研究

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/app142411979

Lili Zhang, Juncheng Song, Qi Liu, Feng Liu, Xiangyang Li

{"title":"Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction and Physicochemical Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber from Soy Sauce Residue","authors":"Lili Zhang, Juncheng Song, Qi Liu, Feng Liu, Xiangyang Li","doi":"10.3390/app142411979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411979","url":null,"abstract":"There are millions of tons of fresh soy sauce residue (SSR) by-products created by China’s soy sauce industry every year. Most of the SSR is directly discarded; this not only wastes resources, but also pollutes the environment. As it is rich in dietary fiber, which is beneficial to human health, skimmed SSR was used as a raw material to obtain soluble dietary fiber (SDF) in this study. Firstly, the process of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of SDF was optimized through single factor experiments and a response surface test. The extraction rate of the SDF from SSR reached 76.8 ± 0.8% under the optimum extracting conditions of a cellulase/hemicellulase (w/w) 1/1 mixture, an enzyme addition amount of 5.7%, a material–liquid ratio (w/v) of 1/20 g/mL, and a reaction time of 30 min. Then, the physicochemical properties of the SDF extracted using enzymatic and chemical methods were compared; we found that the SDF obtained through ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction had a much better appearance and physicochemical properties than that extracted by acid or alkali, with a lighter color, higher extraction rate, higher water-holding capacity, higher oil-holding capacity, higher swelling capacity, and solubility. The microstructure was more uniform and porous. This study will provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the recycling and utilization of SSR, which is beneficial for improving its economic value.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"14 24","pages":"11979-11979"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11979/pdf?version=1734710744","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

An Ultra-Stable Polysaccharide Gel Plugging Agent for Water Shutoff in Mature Oil Reservoirs 成熟油藏堵水用超稳定多糖凝胶堵水剂

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.3390/app142411957

Yang Yang, Shuangxiang Ye, Ping Liu, Youqi Wang

{"title":"An Ultra-Stable Polysaccharide Gel Plugging Agent for Water Shutoff in Mature Oil Reservoirs","authors":"Yang Yang, Shuangxiang Ye, Ping Liu, Youqi Wang","doi":"10.3390/app142411957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411957","url":null,"abstract":"Polyacrylamide-based gel plugging agents are extensively utilized in oilfields for water shutoff. However, their thermal stability, salt tolerance, and shear resistance are limited, making it difficult to achieve high-strength plugging and maintain stability under high-temperature and high-salinity reservoir conditions. This study proposes the use of chitosan (CTSs), a polysaccharide with a rigid cyclic structure, as the polymer. The organic cross-linker N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) is incorporated via the Michael addition reaction mechanism to develop an ultra-stable, organically cross-linked chitosan gel system. The CTS/MBA gel system was evaluated under various environmental conditions using rheological testing and thermal aging to assess gel strength and stability. The results demonstrate significant improvements in gel strength and stability at high temperatures (up to 120 °C) and under high-shear conditions, as the increased cross-linking density enhanced resistance to thermal and mechanical degradation. Rapid gelation was observed with increasing MBA concentration, while pH and salinity further modulated gel properties. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of a three-dimensional microstructure after gelation, which contributed to the enhanced properties. This study provides novel insights into optimizing polymer gel performance for the petroleum industry, particularly in high-temperature and high-shear environments.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"14 24","pages":"11957-11957"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/24/11957/pdf?version=1734702288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147915191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide-Loaded Liposomes and Their In Vitro Transport Across the Blood–Brain Barrier 烟酰胺单核苷酸负载脂质体的构建及其体外血脑屏障转运

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.3390/app142411732

Tiantian Wang, Qi Wu, Lihong Wang, Tao Lan, Zhenyu Yun, Lin Zhao, Xi Wu

引用次数: 1

Performance Comparison of Vertex Block Descent and Position Based Dynamics Algorithms Using Cloth Simulation in Unity 顶点块下降和基于位置的动态算法的性能比较

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.3390/app142311072

Jun Ma, Nak-Jun Sung, Min‐Hyung Choi, Min Hong

{"title":"Performance Comparison of Vertex Block Descent and Position Based Dynamics Algorithms Using Cloth Simulation in Unity","authors":"Jun Ma, Nak-Jun Sung, Min‐Hyung Choi, Min Hong","doi":"10.3390/app142311072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311072","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative study of the Vertex Block Descent (VBD) and Position-Based Dynamics (PBD) algorithms, focusing on their performance in physical simulation tasks. Unity, a versatile physics engine, served as the simulation platform for the experiments. Among various types of physical simulations of deformable objects, fluids, and cloth dynamics, cloth simulations were chosen for implementation with both algorithms. The experimental setup ensured identical parameters, including time steps and movement behavior, for both algorithms across scenarios involving hanging, object-to-object collisions, and self-collisions. The results indicate that while the performance difference in frames per second (fps) between the two algorithms is negligible for simulations with a small number of nodes, the VBD algorithm consistently outperforms the PBD algorithm as the node count increases. Furthermore, this study provides practical guidelines for maintaining real-time performance, detailing the maximum node count each algorithm can support, while sustaining a minimum threshold of 30 fps, which is necessary for real-time applications. The comparison was conducted using CPU-based computation to establish a baseline for future studies in GPU-accelerated environments, where parallel processing is expected to further highlight the performance advantages of VBD. Future work will extend this research by evaluating additional physical simulation models, including the Mass-Spring System and Extended Position-Based Dynamics (XPBD), and developing optimizations to enhance the efficiency and scalability of these algorithms.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":"14 23","pages":"11072-11072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/23/11072/pdf?version=1732784729","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147903342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3