Long Bai, Siqi Huan, Ya Zhu, Guang Chu, David Julian McClements, Orlando J Rojas
{"title":"Recent Advances in Food Emulsions and Engineering Foodstuffs Using Plant-Based Nanocelluloses.","authors":"Long Bai, Siqi Huan, Ya Zhu, Guang Chu, David Julian McClements, Orlando J Rojas","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-061920-123242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-061920-123242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, the application of nanocelluloses, especially cellulose nanofibrils and cellulose nanocrystals, as functional ingredients in foods is reviewed. These ingredients offer a sustainable and economic source of natural plant-based nanoparticles. Nanocelluloses are particularly suitable for altering the physicochemical, sensory, and nutritional properties of foods because of their ability to create novel structures. For instance, they can adsorb to air-water or oil-water interfaces and stabilize foams or emulsions, self-assemble in aqueous solutions to form gel networks, and act as fillers or fat replacers. The functionality of nanocelluloses can be extended by chemical functionalization of their surfaces or by using them in combination with other natural food ingredients, such as biosurfactants or biopolymers. As a result, it is possible to create stimuli-responsive, tailorable, and/or active functional biomaterials suitable for a range of foodapplications. In this article, we describe the chemistry, structure, and physicochemical properties of cellulose as well as their relevance for the application of nanocelluloses as functional ingredients in foods. Special emphasis is given to their use as particle stabilizers in Pickering emulsions, but we also discuss their potential application for creating innovative biomaterials with novel functional attributes, such as edible films and packaging. Finally, some of the challenges associated with using nanocelluloses in foods are critically evaluated, including their potential safety and consumer acceptance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"383-406"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-food-061920-123242","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38693137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li-Zhen Deng, Parag Prakash Sutar, Arun S Mujumdar, Yang Tao, Zhongli Pan, Yan-Hong Liu, Hong-Wei Xiao
{"title":"Thermal Decontamination Technologies for Microorganisms and Mycotoxins in Low-Moisture Foods.","authors":"Li-Zhen Deng, Parag Prakash Sutar, Arun S Mujumdar, Yang Tao, Zhongli Pan, Yan-Hong Liu, Hong-Wei Xiao","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-062220-112934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-062220-112934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contamination risks of microorganisms and mycotoxins in low-moisture foods have heightened public concern. Developing novel decontamination technologies to improve the safety of low-moisture foods is of great interest in both economics and public health. This review summarizes the working principles and applications of novel thermal decontamination technologies such as superheated steam, infrared, microwave, and radio-frequency heating as well as extrusion cooking. These methods of decontamination can effectively reduce the microbial load on products andmoderately destruct the mycotoxins. Meanwhile, several integrated technologies have been developed that take advantage of synergistic effects to achieve the maximum destruction of contaminants and minimize the deterioration of products.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"287-305"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-food-062220-112934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38371147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Origins of Polymorphism in Cocoa Butter.","authors":"Saeed M Ghazani, Alejandro G Marangoni","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-070620-022551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-070620-022551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cocoa butter displays complex crystallization behavior and six crystal polymorphic forms. Although the crystal structure of cocoa butter has been studied extensively, the molecular interactions between cocoa butter triacylglycerols in relation to polymorphic transformations from metastable forms (forms III and IV) to stable crystal forms (forms V and VI) remain largely unknown. In this review, the triclinic polymorphism and melting profiles of the major triacylglycerols in cocoa butter-POP, POS, and SOS-are reviewed, and their binary and ternary phase behaviors in metastable (pseudoβ') and stable (β<sub>2</sub>) crystal forms are discussed. We also attempt to clarify how the transformation of cocoa butter from form IV to V, as a critical step in the tempering of chocolate, is controlled by POS interactions with both POP and SOS. Moreover, we show how the crystal forms V and VI of cocoa butter are templated by crystal forms β<sub>3</sub> and β<sub>1</sub> of POS, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"567-590"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38836910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food Matrix and Macronutrient Digestion.","authors":"Edoardo Capuano, Anja E M Janssen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051646","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food digestion may be regarded as a physiological interface between food and health. During digestion, the food matrix is broken down and the component nutrients and bioactive compounds are absorbed through a synergy of mechanical, chemical, and biochemical processes. The food matrix modulates the extent and kinetics to which nutrients and bioactive compounds make themselves available for absorption, hence regulating their concentration profile in the blood and their utilization in peripheral tissues. In this review, we discuss the structural and compositional aspects of food that modulate macronutrient digestibility in each step of digestion. We also discuss in silico modeling approaches to describe the effect of the food matrix on macronutrient digestion. The detailed knowledge of how the food matrix is digested can provide a mechanistic basis to elucidate the complex effect of food on human health and design food with improved functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"193-212"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39114224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel Nondestructive Biosensors for the Food Industry.","authors":"Hazal Turasan, Jozef Kokini","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-062520-082307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-062520-082307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An increasing number of foodborne outbreaks, growing consumer desire for healthier products, and surging numbers of food allergy cases necessitate strict handling and screening of foods at every step of the food supply chain. Current standard procedures for detecting food toxins, contaminants, allergens, and pathogens require costly analytical devices, skilled technicians, and long sample preparation times. These challenges can be overcome with the use of biosensors because they provide accurate, rapid, selective, qualitative, and quantitative detection of analytes. Their ease of use, low-cost production, portability, and nondestructive measurement techniques also enable on-site detection of analytes. For this reason, biosensors find many applications in food safety and quality assessments. The detection mechanisms of biosensors can be varied with the use of different transducers, such as optical, electrochemical, or mechanical. These options provide a more appropriate selection of the biosensors for the intended use. In this review, recent studies focusing on the fabrication of biosensors for food safety or food quality purposes are summarized. To differentiate the detection mechanisms, the review is divided into sections based on the transducer type used.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"539-566"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25520086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hormesis Mediates Acquired Resilience: Using Plant-Derived Chemicals to Enhance Health.","authors":"Edward J Calabrese","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-062420-124437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-062420-124437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review provides an assessment of hormesis, a highly conserved evolutionary dose-response adaptive strategy that leads to the development of acquired resilience within well-defined temporal windows. The hormetic-based acquired resilience has a central role in affecting healthy aging, slowing the onset and progression of numerous neurodegenerative and other age-related diseases, and reducing risks and damage due to heart attacks, stroke, and other serious conditions of public health and medical importance. The review provides the historical foundations of hormesis, its dose-response features, its capacity for generalization across biological models and endpoints measured, and its mechanistic foundations. The review also provides a focus on the adaptive features of hormesis, i.e., its capacity to upregulate acquired resilience and how this can be mediated by numerous plant-derived extracts, such as curcumin, ginseng, <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, resveratrol, and green tea, that induce a broad spectrum of chemopreventive effects via hormesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"355-381"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38806022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shang Lin, Jane W Agger, Casper Wilkens, Anne S Meyer
{"title":"Feruloylated Arabinoxylan and Oligosaccharides: Chemistry, Nutritional Functions, and Options for Enzymatic Modification.","authors":"Shang Lin, Jane W Agger, Casper Wilkens, Anne S Meyer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cereal brans and grain endosperm cell walls are key dietary sources of different types of arabinoxylan. Arabinoxylan is the main group of hemicellulosic polysaccharides that are present in the cell walls of monocot grass crops and hence in cereal grains. The arabinoxylan polysaccharides consist of a backbone of β-(1→4)-linked xylopyranosyl residues, which carry arabinofuranosyl moieties, hence the term arabinoxylan. Moreover, the xylopyranosyl residues can be acetylated or substituted by 4-<i>O</i>-methyl-d-glucuronic acid. The arabinofuranosyls may be esterified with a feruloyl group. Feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides exert beneficial bioactivities via prebiotic, immunomodulatory, and/or antioxidant effects. New knowledge on microbial enzymes that catalyze specific structural modifications of arabinoxylans can help us understand how these complex fibers are converted in the gut and provide a foundation for the production of feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides from brans or other cereal grain processing sidestreams as functional food ingredients. There is a gap between the structural knowledge, bioactivity data, and enzymology insight. Our goal with this review is to present an overview of the structures and bioactivities of feruloylated arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides and review the enzyme reactions that catalyze specific changes in differentially substituted arabinoxylans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"331-354"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38840224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ian Oesterle, Dominik Braun, David Berry, Lukas Wisgrill, Annette Rompel, Benedikt Warth
{"title":"Polyphenol Exposure, Metabolism, and Analysis: A Global Exposomics Perspective.","authors":"Ian Oesterle, Dominik Braun, David Berry, Lukas Wisgrill, Annette Rompel, Benedikt Warth","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-062220-090807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-062220-090807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyphenols are generally known for their health benefits and estimating actual exposure levels in health-related studies can be improved by human biomonitoring. Here, the application of newly available exposomic and metabolomic technology, notably high-resolution mass spectrometry, in the context of polyphenols and their biotransformation products, is reviewed. Comprehensive workflows for investigating these important bioactives in biological fluids or microbiome-related experiments are scarce. Consequently, this new era of nontargeted analysis and omic-scale exposure assessment offers a unique chance for better assessing exposure to, as well as metabolism of, polyphenols. In clinical and nutritional trials, polyphenols can be investigated simultaneously with the plethora of other chemicals to which we are exposed, i.e., the exposome, which may interact abundantly and modulate bioactivity. This research direction aims at ultimately eluting into atrue systems biology/toxicology evaluation of health effects associated with polyphenol exposure, especially during early life, to unravel their potential for preventing chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"461-484"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38741857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Food Processing, Dysbiosis, Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases, and Antiangiogenic Functional Foods or Beverages.","authors":"Jack N Losso","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-062520-090235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-062520-090235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Foods and beverages provide nutrients and alter the gut microbiota, resulting in eubiosis or dysbiosis. Chronic consumption of a diet that is high in saturated or <i>trans</i> fats, meat proteins, reducing sugars, and salt and low in fiber induces dysbiosis. Dysbiosis, loss of redox homeostasis, mast cells, hypoxia, angiogenesis, the kynurenine pathway, transglutaminase 2, and/or the Janus kinase pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and gastrointestinal malignancy. This review discusses the effects of oxidative, carbonyl, or glycative stress-inducing dietary ingredients or food processing-derived compounds on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal epithelial and mast cells as well as on the development of associated angiogenic diseases, including key signaling pathways. The preventive or therapeutic potential and the biochemical pathways of antiangiogenic or proangiogenic foods or beverages are also described. The outcomes of the interactions between disease pathways and components of food are critical for the design of foods and beverages for healthy lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"235-258"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38836909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Regine Eibl, Yannick Senn, Géraldine Gubser, Valentin Jossen, Christian van den Bos, Dieter Eibl
{"title":"Cellular Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges.","authors":"Regine Eibl, Yannick Senn, Géraldine Gubser, Valentin Jossen, Christian van den Bos, Dieter Eibl","doi":"10.1146/annurev-food-063020-123940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-063020-123940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular agriculture is the controlled and sustainable manufacture of agricultural products with cells and tissues without plant or animal involvement. Today, microorganisms cultivated in bioreactors already produce egg and milk proteins, sweeteners, and flavors for human nutrition as well as leather and fibers for shoes, bags, and textiles. Furthermore, plant cell and tissue cultures provide ingredients that stimulate the immune system and improve skin texture, with another precommercial cellular agriculture product, in vitro meat, currently receiving a great deal of attention. All these approaches could assist traditional agriculture in continuing to provide for the dietary requirements of a growing world population while freeing up important resources such as arable land. Despite early successes, challenges remain and are discussed in this review, with a focus on production processes involving plant and animal cell and tissue cultures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8187,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of food science and technology","volume":"12 ","pages":"51-73"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25520085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}