Kleio最新文献

{"title":"Persistence of vision: writing the history of the British empire","authors":"J. Pridmore","doi":"10.1080/00232080185380091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080185380091","url":null,"abstract":"Nicholas Canny (ed), The Oxford history of the British empire. Volume I: The origins of empire, British overseas enterprise to the close of the seventeenth century (Oxford a n d N e w York, Oxford Un ive r s i t y Press , 1998), 533 pp, bibl. m a p s , index, ISBN 0 19 820562 7 P J Marshal l (ed), The Oxford history of the British empire. Volume II: The eighteenth century (Oxford and New York, Oxford Univers i ty Press, 1998), 639 lap, bibl. maps , index, ISBN 9 780198 205630 A n d r e w P o r t e r (ed), The Oxford history of the British empire. Volume III: The nineteenth century (Oxford a n d N e w York, Oxford Un ive r s i t y Press , 1999), 774 pp, bibl . , m a p s , index, ISBN 0 19 8205651 J u d i t h M B r o w n a n d W Roger Louis (eds), The Oxford history of the British empire. Volume IV: The twentieth century (Oxford a n d N e w York, Oxford Un ive r s i t y Press 1999), 773 pp, bibl. m a p s , index, ISBN","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"8 1","pages":"156 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080185380091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The crisis of academic history revisited","authors":"P. Eidelberg","doi":"10.1080/00232080185380061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080185380061","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Tim Nuttal l and John Wright publ i shed two art icles 1 dealing with academic h i s to ry ' s declining status, bo th in South Africa and overseas . The authors provide an analysis of the d i lemmas of the profess ion, not only in South Africa but overseas as well, while s imul taneous ly providing us wi th a su rvey of much of the re levant l i terature . As such they offer us an ar t iculate and s t imulat ing ' s ta te of the ar t ' synthes is of c o n t e m p o r a r y h i s to r ians ' v iews about their p rofess ion and its changing public image over the pas t th i r ty years . My su rvey will a t t empt to summar i se the more sal ient aspec ts of these two art icles briefly, t rea t ing them as essent ia l ly two par t s of the same a r g u m e n t . I wou ld t hen like to ques t i on some of the i r bas i c assumpt ions . My focus will deal p r imar i ly wi th the decline of academic h is tory in the West as a whole, r a the r than specifically wi th South Africa. As the authors r ight ly point out, h i s tory pr ior to the n ine teenth century was largely a l i te rary discipline. Only f rom 1870 did separa te h i s to ry depa r tmen t s begin to funct ion at Wes te rn European and American universi t ies , 2 al though the seminar , a l ready f rom the second quar te r of the n ineteenth century, had become a defining charac ter i s t ic of the h is tory profession. 3 From about the 1960s, on the other hand, the h i s to ry profess ion began to be ser iously a t tacked, usher ing the decline in the s ta tus of academic his tory, so evident in the West during the pas t th i r ty years . Linked to this was the ' pos tmodern i s t ' challenge to the t radi t ional 'modern i s t ' h is tor ical concept . This concept c laimed tha t the pas t could be object ively conceived, leading to a b road consensus of opinion,","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"187 1","pages":"107 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080185380061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Only a liberal of high-sounding words?’ Margaret Ballinger's liberalism and her relationship with South African liberals, 1926–1968","authors":"F. Mouton","doi":"10.1080/00232080185380031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080185380031","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1950s young and impat ien t l iberals accused Margare t Ballinger, at tha t stage South Afr ica 's mos t p rominen t liberal, of being too conservat ive . They accused her of bel ieving tha t h igh-sounding words and phrases were sufficient for a person to be a good l iberal and opponent of apar theid . This was an ironic turn about: until the 1930s the boot had been on the other foot and it had been Marga re t who had accused South African l ibera l ism of the same failings. By an analysis of M a r g a r e t ' s poli t ical ph i losophy and re la t ionsh ip wi th her fe l low l iberals this art icle will explain the complexi ty and ambigui t ies of her l iberal ism, and look at her opposi t ion to racia l and polit ical in tolerance and oppress ion in South Africa. Margare t Ballinger (n~e Hodgson) was born on 11 J a n u a r y 1894 in Glasgow, Scotland, and in 1904 she emigra ted with her pa ren t s to South Africa where they set t led in Port Elizabeth. Here she spent the last yea rs of her childhood in a pol i t ical ly-conscious family, suppor t ive of Cape l iberal ism. I ts pr inciples of equal i ty before the law, no colour discr iminat ion, polit ical to lerance and the r ights of the individual, s t rongly influenced M a r g a r e t ' s values and gave shape to her polit ical beliefs. 1 I t was , however , M a r g a r e t ' s associa t ion wi th the wel l -known l iberal his tor ian, W M Macmillan, f irst as a s tudent at Rhodes Univers i ty and then as a collegue at the Univers i ty of the Wi t wa t e r s r and (Wits), which","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"33 1","pages":"45 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080185380031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58824945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book reviews/Boekbesprekings","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00232080185380101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080185380101","url":null,"abstract":"Funct ioning be tween November 1995 and April 1998, the Tru th and Reconcil iat ion Commiss ion (TRC) to a considerable degree symbol i sed the relat ively opt imist ic political a tmosphere of the ear ly phase of the New South Africa. It is this per iod wi th w h i c h this monograph , wr i t t en shor t ly a f te rwards , is concerned. The a u t h o r a r g u e s t h a t in fac t the Commiss ion was not so m u c h in te res ted in ethical , mora l concerns or 'polit ical cor rec tness ' bu t was pragmat ica l ly seeking to br ing about a peaceful political t rans i t ion (p 66). This expla ins i ts moderate pos i t ion in s t ee r ing a c o m p r o m i s e course b e t w e e n ignor ing p a s t poli t ical conflicts on the one hand, and on the other, seeking to pu t former whi te Nat ional Par ty leaders on tr ial for alleged war cr imes. Ins tead, a m n e s t y was g ran ted to those who openly and publicly confessed their cr imes. 'Amnes ty was the price of secur ing peace and coopera t ion in the negot ia ted collapse of whi te ru le ' (p 122). A peacefu l poli t ical t r a n s i t i o n w a s so n e c e s s a r y because there were no clearcut political w inne r s in 1994 (pp 68, 176}. In fact, however , it is ha rd to see the 1994 set t lement*as a rea l compromise . The legalisat ion of the ANC in 1990 a s s u r e d it political control of the t ownsh ips where it had a l ready achieved de facto hegemony be tween 1983 1985, pr ior to the s ta te of emergency. Its only signif icant black rival had been the IFP, which, in late 1992 had in fact been excluded from the negot ia t ions t h r o u g h the Record of U n d e r s t a n d i n g s igned be tween the gove rnmen t and the ANC. By the end of 1993 the Nat ional is ts had finally been p r e s s u r e d into conceding the pr inciple of a un i t a ry s ta te based on a full one man, one vote principle. From then on, the r e s u l t of the e lec t ion w a s a foregone conclusion. Fur thermore , dur ing the per iod of the i n t e r im g o v e r n m e n t (December 1993 April 1994), the two remain ing ' i ndependen t ' home lands not yet unde r ANC control had col lapsed and fallen unde r ANC influence. Within two years of the 1994 elections the Nat ional Par ty had formal ly w i t h d r a w n f rom the initial Government of Nat ional Unity for the obvious r ea son tha t t hey had had so little inf luence in it anyway . Can one thus easi ly agree wi th the view, allegedly expressed by m e m b e r s of the TRC to the author , t ha t ' i f there had been no negot ia ted amnes ty , the coun t ry would have been faced wi th a b loodba th scenar io ' (p 66). In view of the fact tha t the whi tes h a d a l ready given up power to the ANC, did the a m n e s t y really make such a crucial difference in thei r eyes? For tha t ma t t e r , as Chr is t ie h i m s e l f po in t s out , wh i t e opin ion a bou t the TRC w a s gene ra l ly host i le (pp 101, 169). A more plausible a rgument , therefore, for ","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"33 1","pages":"184 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080185380101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The voice of the ‘people’? Memoranda presented in 1947 to the Sauer commission by ‘knowledgeable’ Afrikaners","authors":"JP Brits","doi":"10.1080/00232080085380041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080085380041","url":null,"abstract":"In March 1948 a rguab ly one of the mos t significant commiss ion r epor t s in the h i s to ry of South Africa appea red in final form. This was the Repor t of the colour quest ion commiss ion of the Re-united Nat ional Party, ~ commonly known as the Sauer commission, af ter its cha i rman, Paul Sauer, Member of Par l iament for H u m a n s d o r p and la ter cabinet minis ter . The Saner r epor t which outl ined the apar the id policy, should be seen as the culminat ion of uncoord ina ted Afrikaner efforts since the mid-1930s to formulate an a l ternat ive race policy to segregat ion which was widely regarded as ineffective. The foundat ions for the final formula t ion were laid in ter alia by ideas emana t ing f rom the Afrikaner Union for Racial Studies, 2 theor ies expounded by anthropologis ts , the r ecommenda t ions of a commiss ion appointed by the Cape Re-united National Par ty to inves t igate a future policy towards the coloured people, pol icy s t a t emen t s by poli t icians such as D F Malan and M D C de Wet Nel, and decisions taken in 1944 at the People ' s congress regarding the racial policies of the Afrikaner. 3 Although there is a considerable body of l i te ra ture on the dep loyment of apar the id af ter 1950, the crop is less abundan t on the fo rmat ion of the policy in the late 1940s. Revisionist h i s tor ians have quite r ightly cha l l enged Afr ikaner and l ibera l h i s t o r i o g r a p h y wh ich exp la ins the e m e r g e n c e of a p a r t h e i d m e r e l y in t e r m s of ideo logy and race . The e m p h a s i s has sh i f ted to the e f fec t s of s eg rega t ion and a p a r t h e i d on cap i t a l i s t d e v e l o p m e n t , p a r t i c u l a r l y w i th r e g a r d to the Afr ican","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"32 1","pages":"61 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080085380041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searching for gems: the Kimberley Papers at Oxford University","authors":"B. Theron","doi":"10.1080/00232080085380061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080085380061","url":null,"abstract":"Until recent ly , the extensive collection of paper s of John Wodehouse, the f irst Earl of Kimberley, was in pr iva te hands and vi r tual ly undis turbed. On 12 December 1991, a lmost 90 years af ter his death, the paper s were pu rchased at So therby ' s by the Bodleian Library, Oxford Universi ty, for about £40 000.1 Additional funding came f rom the Radcliffe Trust , the Friends of the Bodleian and the Friends of the National Libraries. The collection compr ises prac t ica l ly all Kimber ley ' s surviving polit ical paper s wi th the exception of a small collection of diplomatic cor respondence in the Brit ish Library (Add Mss 46692-4) dated 1856-1858, while he was minis ter p len ipotent ia ry to Russia. There are also eight volumes of Kimber ley ' s la ter cor respondence in the Nat ional Library of Scotland (Mss 10242-9). Because of its considerable size, the sort ing and cataloguing of the Oxford collection was a s low process and the Kimber ley Papers only became avai lable to r e sea rche r s in 1995, the same year in which Elizabeth Turne r ' s comprehens ive inventory to the collection appeared. 2 The collection is very large, compris ing no less than 589 volumes a r ranged into 13 main sections. Section 7, Kimber ley ' s paper s while he was Secre tary of State for the Colonies, is the mos t impor tan t for South African researchers , bu t the others are also l is ted here for the sake of clari ty. Sections 2 -10 are volumes of Kimber ley ' s cor respondence (both outgoing and incoming). The paper s in these sections are a r ranged according to the offices Lord Kimberley held. Within each section, the le t ters are a r ranged a lphabet ical ly according to correspondent .","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"32 1","pages":"103 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080085380061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The encounter between the Basotho and the missionaries of the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society, 1833–1933: some perspectives","authors":"SG de Clark","doi":"10.1080/00232080085380011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080085380011","url":null,"abstract":"The Paris Evangelical Miss ionary Society (PEMS) encounter wi th the Basotho is an in teres t ing case s tudy for several reasons . When the f irst group of PEMS miss ionar ies ar r ived at the Sotho capital , Thaba Bosiu, in June 1833, the Basotho had had ve ry little contac t wi th Europeans . Eugene Casalis and Thomas Arbousset , together wi th their ass i s tan t Constant Gosselin, were indeed the f i rs t Europeans to r epo r t on their contact wi th them. 1 Also, in the ear ly 1830s the Basotho were still a people in the making. They were mos t ly composed of diverse groups who had pledged allegiance to Moshoeshoe in the previous decade, af ter their polities had been sca t te red by a series of conflicts. Hoping to p ro tec t the group which he was creat ing f rom outside threa ts , the p a r a m o u n t we lcomed miss ionar ies , w h o m he had t r ied to a t t rac t even before Arbousse t and his companions arr ived. With the suppor t of Moshoeshoe, Casalis, Gosselin and Arbousse t founded the miss ion which was to become the pr ide of their society, and the only such endeavour among the Basotho for three decades. I t was also a miss ion which, unlike mos t of its coun te rpa r t s in southern Africa, achieved a measu re of success: in 1848, af ter 15 years of Evangelical presence , approx ima te ly 1,5% of Moshoeshoe ' s subjects had become church members , and half as m a n y were ca techumen. Between 3% and 3,5% of the popula t ion a t tended church regular ly. 2","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"62 1","pages":"22 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080085380011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58823789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban land claims in South Africa: the case of Lady Selborne township, Pretoria, Gauteng","authors":"J. Carruthers","doi":"10.1080/00232080085380021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080085380021","url":null,"abstract":"Racia l d i s c r i m i n a t i o n and segrega t ion have b e e n in t eg ra l c o m p o n e n t s of South Afr ican h i s t o r y s ince the a r r iva l of whi te se t t le rs . By c o n q u e s t and expans ion , i n d i g e n o u s people were d isp laced . Despi te this , the legal s y s t e m c o n t i n u e d to a l low the poss ib i l i ty , h o w e v e r remote , t ha t Af r i c an l a n d o w n e r s h i p cou ld e x p a n d . After 1913, h o w e v e r , the s i t u a t i o n a l t e red b e c a u s e the Nat ives Land Act p a s s e d t ha t yea r d r a s t i ca l l y r e s t r i c t e d Afr ican access to land. F r o m tha t t ime o n w a r d s , Afr ican l a n d o w n e r s h i p was i n c r e a s i n g l y cur ta i l ed , a nd by the t ime of the Na t iona l i s t e lec t ion v i c to ry in 1948, a p l e tho ra of l eg i s la t ion app l ied rac ia l ly d i s c r i m i n a t o r y r e s t r i c t i o n s bo th in r u r a l a nd u r b a n areas . But af ter tha t date , the g o v e r n m e n t i n t r o d u c e d more exhaus t i ve a nd m e t i c u l o u s r ac i s t l eg i s l a t ion w h i c h i m p a c t e d d i rec t ly on the l ives of all ' n o n w h i t e ' South Afr icans 'Co loured ' , I n d i a n , Malay , Chinese a nd African. Thus ,","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"32 1","pages":"23 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080085380021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58824061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘He possessed intimate access to the President’: Piet Grobler, Kruger's confidant","authors":"J. Grobler","doi":"10.1080/00232080085380031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080085380031","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the re la t ionship be tween P G W (Piet) Grobler and Pres ident Kruger is discussed. The quotat ion in the title is f rom the work Why Kruger made war b y John Buttery, which appea red in 1900. Buttery, the senior ass i s tan t editor of the Standard and Diggers\" News in the two years immedia te ly preceding the Anglo-Boer War (18991902) was well known to the p res iden t ' s inner circle. As represen ta t ive of this semi-official gove rnmen t mouthp iece (the n e w s p a p e r was subsidised by the Transvaa l government as a counter to the other English language, proimper ia l i s t n e w s p a p e r s like The Star), Buttery had access to influential people in government circles. Despite this, But tery was by no means a Boer suppor te r and he placed the b lame for the war square ly on the shoulders of the Boer leaders . 2 His object ive percept ion of the re la t ively unknown Piet Grobler is i l luminating, par t icu lar ly as regards Grobler ' s dealings wi th Kruger. The remarkab le re la t ionship of confidential i ty be tween the p res iden t and Grobler is put under scru t iny in this article, because Grobler ' s ach ievements were due in large measure to Kruger ' s suppor t . Indeed, Grobler ' s for tunes were very closely linked to those of the pres ident . The article does not aim to focus on Groble r ' s career as Under State Secretary , but in the course of the discussion on the Kruger-Grobler re lat ionship, Grobler ' s official as well as his informal role will na tura l ly receive some attention.","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"32 1","pages":"42 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080085380031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing the middle ages: some Victorian ‘medievalisms’","authors":"J. Pridmore","doi":"10.1080/00232080085380051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00232080085380051","url":null,"abstract":"‘History often sneaks itself into our present by enriching our language.’","PeriodicalId":81767,"journal":{"name":"Kleio","volume":"32 1","pages":"102 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00232080085380051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58825162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}