Archiv fur Kriminologie最新文献_第8页

[Projection of prisoner numbers]. [囚犯人数的预测]。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2015-03-01

Rainer Metz, Werner Sohn

{"title":"[Projection of prisoner numbers].","authors":"Rainer Metz, Werner Sohn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The past and future development of occupancy rates in prisons is of crucial importance for the judicial administration of every country. Basic factors for planning the required penal facilities are seasonal fluctuations, minimum, maximum and average occupancy as well as the present situation and potential development of certain imprisonment categories. As the prisoner number of a country is determined by a complex set of interdependent conditions, it has turned out to be difficult to provide any theoretical explanations. The idea accepted in criminology for a long time that prisoner numbers are interdependent with criminal policy must be regarded as having failed. Statistical and time series analyses may help, however, to identify the factors having influenced the development of prisoner numbers in the past. The analyses presented here, first describe such influencing factors from a criminological perspective and then deal with their statistical identification and modelling. Using the development of prisoner numbers in Hesse as an example, it has been found that modelling methods in which the independent variables predict the dependent variable with a time lag are particularly helpful. A potential complication is, however, that for predicting the number of prisoners the different dynamics in German and foreign prisoners require the development of further models.","PeriodicalId":8171,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Kriminologie","volume":"235 3-4","pages":"80-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34114258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Fatal electric accident due to adverse error situation]. 【错误情况不利造成的致命电气事故】。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Benno Hartung, Ralf Irion, Daniel Baumann, Stefanie Ritz-Timmel

引用次数: 0

[In vitro characterization of glucuronosyl- and sulfotransferases involved in the conjugation of ethanol]. [参与乙醇偶联的葡萄糖醛基和硫代转移酶的体外表征]。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Nicole Stachel, Gisela Skopp

{"title":"[In vitro characterization of glucuronosyl- and sulfotransferases involved in the conjugation of ethanol].","authors":"Nicole Stachel, Gisela Skopp","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS) are minor metabolites of ethanol; for some years, both compounds have been used as direct biomarkers of alcohol consumption in forensic and clinical settings as well as in traffic medicine. Drinking experiments showed individual variations of the formation of EtG and EtS. At present, our knowledge on enzymes involved in the conjugation of ethanol is incomplete and partly inconsistent. The purpose of the present study was to characterize those enzymes that are capable of catalyzing glucuronidation and sulfation of ethanol including some potential inhibitors. Following optimization of incubation conditions, the formation rates of EtG and EtS from ethanol via recombinant glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs, hepatic) and sulfotransferases (SULTs, hepatic, intestinal), the kinetics and the inhibitory potential of polyphenols such as quercetin, kaempferol and resveratrol were determined. Analysis was performed following either solid phase extraction due to severe ion suppression of EtG or direct injection of the EtS-containing incubation mixture by high-pressure liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Deuterated analogues were used as internal standards. All UGTs were capable of metabolizing ethanol through glucuronidation; UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 exhibited the highest formation rates. All SULTs showed ethanol-sulfating activity with SULT1A1 being most active. Data for all enzymes could best be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. All polyphenols inhibited the conjugation of ethanol except UGT2B 15. Inhibition was reversible and competitive for most enzymes; mechanism-based inhibition was evident for UGT2B7 and SULT2A1 with regard to quercetin and for SULT1E1 with regard to kaempferol. These results suggest an influence on the formation rates of EtG and EtS by common food ingredients beside known polymorphisms of UGT and SULT family members. Further studies should be conducted to achieve a better understanding of the extent and significance of this influence.","PeriodicalId":8171,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Kriminologie","volume":"235 1-2","pages":"29-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34047950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Human frontal inclination of the skull as a trait of sexual dimorphism--terminology and quantification]. [人类头骨的正面倾斜作为两性异形的特征——术语和量化]。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Sarah C Kölzer, Ines V Kümmell, Jan T Kölzer, Frank Ramsthaler, Stefanie Plenzig, Axel Gehl, Marcel A Verhoff

{"title":"[Human frontal inclination of the skull as a trait of sexual dimorphism--terminology and quantification].","authors":"Sarah C Kölzer, Ines V Kümmell, Jan T Kölzer, Frank Ramsthaler, Stefanie Plenzig, Axel Gehl, Marcel A Verhoff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The skull presents a variety of morphological traits suitable for sex discrimination due to the degree of their development. The vertical frontal inclination has been established. as another marker of sex discrimination, as a steep forehead is considered as a female and a receding frontal inclination as a male attribute. In the literature, there are many different ways to define the morphognostic term \"frontal inclination\" and \"forehead profile\" respectively. As part of the project \"Digital Forensic Osteology\" definitions of the frontal inclination commonly found in the literature have been tested with regard to their applicability to virtual skulls based on post-mortem CT data. The actual angle measurements were carried out automatically using software developed by the authors of this article. For the investigations, profile images of skulls generated from volume-rendered CT data were used in which anthropometric measuring points had been set manually. With the help of discriminant analysis it was tested whether sex discrimination on virtual skulls based on defined variables can be carried out with sufficient sensitivity. The measurement accuracy of the defined variables on the volume-rendered images turned out to be good. No significant sex differences regarding the tested variables were found. Using all the four selected variables the sensitivity for female skulls was only about 66%, whereas for male skulls it was not much higher than the rate of coincidence (53%). The results of this pilot study suggest that apart from extending the sample size the inclusion of additional variables based on strict consideration of validity and reliability criteria should be critically tested.","PeriodicalId":8171,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Kriminologie","volume":"235 1-2","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34046557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Alleged suicide by insulin]. [疑似胰岛素自杀]。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Christoph G Birngruber, Ralf Krüll, Reinhard Dettmeyer, Marcel A Verhoff

{"title":"[Alleged suicide by insulin].","authors":"Christoph G Birngruber, Ralf Krüll, Reinhard Dettmeyer, Marcel A Verhoff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"A 26-year-old man, who was on probation, was found dead in his home by his mother. Insulin vials and 2 insulin pens, which the man's stepfather (an insulin-dependent diabetic) had been missing for over a week, were found next to the deceased. The circumstances suggested suicide by an injected insulin overdose. At the time of the autopsy, the corpse showed already marked signs of autolysis. Clinical chemical tests confirmed the injection of insulin, but indicated hyperglycemia at the time of death. Toxicological analyses revealed that the man had consumed amphetamine, cannabinoids, and tramadol in the recent past. Histological examination finally revealed extensive bronchopneumonia as the cause of death. The most plausible explanation for the results of the autopsy and the additional examinations was an injection of insulin as a failed attempt of self-treatment. It is conceivable that the man had discovered by a rapid test that he was a diabetic, but had decided not to go to a doctor to avoid disclosure of parole violation due to continued drug abuse. He may have misinterpreted the symptoms caused by his worsening bronchitis and the developing bronchopneumonia as symptoms of a diabetic metabolic status and may have felt compelled to treat himself with insulin.","PeriodicalId":8171,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Kriminologie","volume":"235 1-2","pages":"43-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34047952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Fatal skiing accidents: a forensic analysis taking the example of Salzburg]. [致命滑雪事故:以萨尔茨堡为例的法医分析]。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2015-01-01

Sebastian N Kunz, Thomas Keller, Christina Grove, Stefanie Lochner, Fabio Monticelli

{"title":"[Fatal skiing accidents: a forensic analysis taking the example of Salzburg].","authors":"Sebastian N Kunz, Thomas Keller, Christina Grove, Stefanie Lochner, Fabio Monticelli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The rising popularity of Alpine skiing in recent years has led to an increase of skiing accidents, some with fatal outcome. In this paper, all fatal skiing accidents from the autopsy material of the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Paris Lodron University Salzburg were evaluated and compared with statistical data of the Alpine Police. In the wintertime of 2005/2006 until 2013/2014, 22 deadly skiing accidents were autopsied. The age of the male and female victims ranged between 12 and 71 years. The main cause of death was craniocerebral and chest trauma. A relevant blood alcohol concentration was detected in only one case. Together with trauma-biomechanical and technical experts, forensic medicine serves as a necessary clarification interface between the investigating authorities and the judiciary. Determining the cause and manner of death as well as reconstructing the accident is the main task of the forensic pathologist. The present study shows that in the county of Salzburg, only a small percentage of fatal skiing accidents is evaluated from a forensic and trauma-biomechanical point of view. Thus the possibilities of an interdisciplinary accident analysis are not always fully utilized.","PeriodicalId":8171,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Kriminologie","volume":"235 1-2","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34046556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Cause and manner of death in the autopsy material of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, from 2002-2006]. [贾斯图斯·李比希大学吉森法医研究所2002-2006年尸检材料中的死因和死亡方式]。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2014-07-01

Thomas Schindler, Reinhard B Dettmeyer, Heike Wollersen

引用次数: 0

[Hand injuries by pyrotechnic articles--case report and reconstructive experimental investigations]. [烟花物品致手部损伤——病例报告及重建实验研究]。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2014-07-01

Ann Sophie Schröder, Philipp Jahnke, Christian Hessler, Ute Lockemann

引用次数: 0

[The medicolegal relevance of benign and malignant coronary artery anomalies]. 【良性和恶性冠状动脉异常的医学相关性】。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2014-07-01

Stefanie Plenzig, Marcel A Verhoff, Barbara Zedler, Hannelore Held

{"title":"[The medicolegal relevance of benign and malignant coronary artery anomalies].","authors":"Stefanie Plenzig, Marcel A Verhoff, Barbara Zedler, Hannelore Held","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated coronary anomalies are rare abnormalities that can be divided into benign and malignant forms. Malignant coronary artery abnormalities generally present already during infancy or early childhood by causing symptoms or sudden death. Benign abnormalities often remain asymptomatic because they are hemodynamically irrelevant. Among the 12,985 autopsies performed at the Institute of Legal Medicine at the University of Frankfurt (Germany) between 1995 and 2013, there were eight cases (0.062%) with isolated coronary artery abnormalities. Five of these cases (0.039%) could be included in our retrospective study. These involved one deceased female and four deceased male subjects, aged between 2 and 57 years. In three of these cases (aged 6, 9, and 11 years old), the coronary anomaly was classified as malignant and was recorded as the cause of death. Benign isolated coronary anomalies are often incidental findings during autopsies. However, in one of the cases in our study, coronary sclerosis in precisely the anomalous vessel was found to be the origin of a fatal myocardial infarction. Malignant isolated coronary artery anomalies attain medicolegal significance when they remain undetected despite advanced early detection protocols and cause sudden death in childhood.","PeriodicalId":8171,"journal":{"name":"Archiv fur Kriminologie","volume":"234 1-2","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32585166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Cranial CT as basis for reconstruction of events and identification of a weapon]. [颅脑CT作为事件重建和武器识别的基础]。

Archiv fur Kriminologie Pub Date : 2014-07-01

Burkhard Madea

引用次数: 0