Apmis最新文献

{"title":"Combination of Isoliquiritigenin and Vancomycin Alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Bone Infection in Rats","authors":"Mingbo Wang,&nbsp;Huicheng Lv,&nbsp;Long Han,&nbsp;Haisheng Jia,&nbsp;Lifeng Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Aimin He,&nbsp;Yu Du","doi":"10.1111/apm.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apm.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>)-induced osteomyelitis presents therapeutic challenges due to antibiotic resistance. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a licorice-derived chalcone, exhibits antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated vancomycin (VAN) combined with ISL against methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA)-induced implant-related osteomyelitis. A rat model was established by tibial MRSA inoculation with simultaneous Kirschner wire implantation. Four weeks postinfection, rats were divided into five groups: normal, model, VAN (50 mg/kg), ISL (100 mg/kg), and VAN + ISL. After 14 days of treatment, combined therapy significantly reduced bone infection severity and histopathological scores versus monotherapies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), decreased serum inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CRP; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and reduced bacterial loads in bone/wire (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). In vitro, ISL (50 μM) attenuated MRSA-induced inflammatory response in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts by suppressing NF-κB and MAPK signaling, while promoting osteogenesis via increased Runx2/BMP2/ALP expression, activated BMP/Smad signaling, and enhanced mineralization. Overall, VAN + ISL combination therapy outperforms monotherapy by concurrently eradicating MRSA, suppressing inflammation, and promoting bone repair, representing a promising synergistic strategy for recalcitrant osteomyelitis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Evaluation, and In Silico ADMET Analysis of Hydroxy Flavanones, Flavones, Aurones, and O-Propynyloxy Aurones","authors":"Samyuktha Arimalai Dinakararaja,&nbsp;Loganathan Rangasamy,&nbsp;Nalini Easwaran,&nbsp;Ethiraj Kannatt Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1111/apm.70069","DOIUrl":"10.1111/apm.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bacterial biofilms cause chronic infections by resisting the effectiveness of existing antibiotics. <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a readily biofilm-forming pathogen that may cause severe health issues through its survival in indwelling medical devices. <i>Salmonella enterica</i> causes prevalent food poisoning and affects millions of people globally. Our study focused on the antibacterial, antibiofilm activities, and pharmacokinetic properties of the chemically synthesized flavonoids. A simple and effective protocol for synthesizing flavanones, flavones, <i>O-</i>propynyloxy aurones, and hydroxy aurones from <i>O</i>-propynyloxy chalcones was established. All the flavonoids except a few showed good zones of inhibition against both the above-mentioned bacterial pathogens. Flavonoids showed more than 50% inhibition in all the tested antibiofilm activities. Confocal images gave clear visual evidence for the decrease in cell density of the biofilms after flavonoids treatment. Among the synthesized compounds, compound <b>9h</b> exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against <i>S. aureus</i>, while compound <b>8g</b> was most effective against <i>S. enterica</i>. In terms of antibiofilm activity, compound <b>8g</b> showed the strongest inhibition against <i>S. aureus</i>, whereas compound <b>10a</b> demonstrated the highest activity against <i>S. enterica</i>. Pharmacokinetic studies suggest that these flavonoids, with appropriate structural modifications, could serve as promising candidates for the development of orally administrable agents targeting bacterial pathogens.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145084924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a Novel Phage HZJ33 and Its Application in the Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection","authors":"Ruici Lu,&nbsp;Ruilin Wang,&nbsp;Xuefang Ren,&nbsp;Xinwei Liu,&nbsp;Xiaojuan You,&nbsp;Chunxia Wang,&nbsp;Rui Zhu,&nbsp;Yongwei Li","doi":"10.1111/apm.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (CRKP) represents a critical global public health challenge. Phages are regarded as promising alternatives to antibiotics. In this study, a novel lytic phage, HZJ33, was isolated from the clinical CRKP strain KP703. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that HZJ33 possessed an icosahedral head and podovirus morphotype. HZJ33 achieved optimal infectivity at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.01, with a latent period of 10 min and a burst size of 4.65 × 10⁴ PFU/cell. It lysed 40% of tested clinical CRKP isolates (12/30). The endotoxin level released from bacterial lysis mediated by phage HZJ33 was well below the established safety threshold and exhibited no detectable cytotoxicity. Whole-genome analysis confirmed the absence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. In vitro, HZJ33 suppressed KP703 growth curves within 10 h. In the <i>Galleria mellonella</i> infection model, HZJ33 treatment at an MOI of 100 increased the larval survival rate to 75%, compared to 25% in the infected negative control group (1 × 10⁷ CFU/mL). These findings identify HZJ33 as a lytic phage with a broad host range, high stability, favorable safety, and strong antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo, supporting its potential for CRKP therapy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspects of Genetic Diversity, Host Specificity and Public Health Significance of Single-Celled Intestinal Parasites Commonly Observed in Humans and Mostly Referred to as ‘Non-Pathogenic’","authors":"Christen Rune Stensvold","doi":"10.1111/apm.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70036","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Clinical microbiology involves the detection and differentiation of primarily bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi in patients with infections. Billions of people may be colonised by one or more species of common luminal intestinal parasitic protists (CLIPPs) that are often detected in clinical microbiology laboratories; still, our knowledge on these organisms' impact on global health is very limited. The genera &lt;i&gt;Blastocystis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Dientamoeba&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Entamoeba&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Endolimax&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Iodamoeba&lt;/i&gt; comprise CLIPPs species, the life cycles of which, as opposed to single-celled pathogenic intestinal parasites (e.g., microsporidia and sporozoa), do probably not include gut-invasive stages that could result in pathological processes and thereby disease (except for &lt;i&gt;Entamoeba histolytica&lt;/i&gt;). All five genera are parasites in the sense that they use a host to complete their life cycle; still, by many specialists, these are considered to be of limited clinical relevance and could possibly be referred to as ‘eukaryotic endobionts’ or even ‘endosymbionts’, in case they would have health-protective effects. The articles included in this thesis exemplify the work and the data that support the view that it might be more relevant to study these genera in a public health and gut ecology context than in a clinical microbiology context. Essential to investigating the impact of intestinal parasites on health and disease are accurate diagnostic tools, including DNA-based technology such as PCR and sequencing, plus accurate reference databases. Small subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes consistently present in both pro- and eukaryotic organisms are today avidly used as taxonomic markers. DNA-based methods have been developed for genetic characterisation of microorganisms and provided data on species/subtypes/genotypes, etc. Metagenomics and metabarcoding (the use of low-specific PCR coupled with next-generation sequencing) can provide information on co-infection/co-colonisation with other organisms and enable screening for genetic diversity, even in complex matrices. By developing and implementing sensitive and specific DNA-based diagnostic tools and typing assays primarily based on the SSU rRNA gene, we have increased insight into the diversity, distribution and significance of CLIPPs. With these tools, we have shown that the genera &lt;i&gt;Blastocystis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Dientamoeba&lt;/i&gt; are far more common than previously thought. Only 10–15 years ago, hypotheses on their distribution typically relied on data generated by traditional parasitological diagnostic methods, such as light microscopy. Hence, we have shown that most older children in Nigeria host &lt;i&gt;Blastocystis&lt;/i&gt;, and that most children in day-care institutions in Denmark, if not all, get colonised by &lt;i&gt;Dientamoeba&lt;/i&gt; at some point. Single-celled non-pathogenic intestinal parasites can be hosted by patients with diarrhoea and functional or inflammatory bowel diseases. However, emerging data ","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apm.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Myeloid Neoplasms: Focuses on the Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Impact on Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia","authors":"Clarissa Brenda Alves Cavalcante,&nbsp;Alessandro Cavalcante Chaves,&nbsp;Vanessa Silva de Oliveira,&nbsp;Maria Amanda Silva de Araújo,&nbsp;Thayres Marinho Cunha e Silva,&nbsp;João Vitor Caetano Goes,&nbsp;Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira,&nbsp;Ronald Feitosa Pinheiro,&nbsp;Howard Lopes Ribeiro-Junior","doi":"10.1111/apm.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential components of the innate immune system, functioning as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In hematological malignancies, particularly myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), TLRs influence inflammation, disease progression, and therapeutic response. This review highlights the prognostic relevance of TLR expression, the role of the MyD88 signaling pathway in clonal evolution, and the dual nature of TLR-mediated immune responses, either promoting antitumor activity or contributing to leukemogenesis. Notably, TLR dysregulation in MDS and AML is associated with poor prognosis and genomic instability, whereas in CML, TLRs contribute to a protective microenvironment via NOD-like and TNF-α pathways. Therapeutic strategies targeting TLRs, including agonists and antagonists, show promise in enhancing antitumor responses, especially when combined with agents like purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitors. Furthermore, genetic variations in TLR pathways may influence individual susceptibility to infection and cancer progression, reinforcing the relevance of personalized medicine. Overall, this review underscores the need for continued research into TLR modulation as a foundation for innovative therapies in hematologic cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apm.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next Generation Sequencing Improves Diagnostic 16S rRNA Amplicon-Based Microbiota Analyses of Clinical Samples Compared to Sanger Sequencing","authors":"Huma Aftab,&nbsp;Christian H. Schouw,&nbsp;Rimtas Dargis,&nbsp;Laus K. Vejrum,&nbsp;Rikke L. Johansen,&nbsp;Josefine Tange Møller,&nbsp;Tina V. Madsen,&nbsp;Asta Lili Laugesen,&nbsp;Jens J. Christensen,&nbsp;Michael Kemp,&nbsp;Xiaohui C. Nielsen","doi":"10.1111/apm.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene is an important tool in addition to conventional methods for the identification of bacterial pathogens in human infections. In polymicrobial samples, Sanger sequencing can produce uninterpretable chromatograms. This limitation can be overcome by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene. We investigated the applicability of Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing of the partial 16S rRNA gene as a diagnostic routine method for pathogen detection in clinical samples. From June 2021 to August 2022, 101 clinical samples positive in PCR for partial 16S rRNA gene analysis were subjected to both Sanger and ONT sequencing. Sanger sequences were edited and compared with deposited sequences in the NCBI database using BLAST, while ONT data were processed using EPI2ME Fastq 16S. The positivity rate (clinically relevant pathogen) was higher for ONT vs. Sanger sequencing: 72% and 59%, respectively. Concordance between Sanger and ONT sequencing was 80%. Furthermore, ONT detected more samples with polymicrobial presence compared to Sanger (13 vs. 5) sequencing. Interestingly, in one joint fluid sample, <i>Borrelia bissettiiae</i> was identified by ONT but not by Sanger. The results show that the detection of both monobacterial and multiple bacterial species is improved using ONT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apm.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kefir Grains in Self-Assembled Nanofibrils: Structural Role and Nutritional Applications","authors":"Praveetha Senthilkumar,&nbsp;Siva Nandhini Suresh,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan,&nbsp;Charumathi Pushparaj,&nbsp;Ramesh Subramani,&nbsp;Arunadevi Natarajan","doi":"10.1111/apm.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Kefir grains offer numerous health benefits, including boosting the immune system, alleviating digestive issues, and enhancing antimicrobial activity. They are rich in beneficial probiotic bacteria that promote gut health and support a balanced intestinal microbiota. “Beta-lactoglobulin (β-lg), a well-known milk protein,” is used to create nanofibril structures that can serve as scaffolds. In this study, nanofibrils loaded with kefir were prepared using the self-assembly method and were incorporated during the initial stages of cheese preparation to modulate the structural properties. To confirm the integration of kefir grains and β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) nanofibrils, nutritional analysis, color analysis, in vitro release with PBS buffer, pH, and Acidity were analyzed. FT-IR spectroscopy and loading efficiency results (82%) confirm the incorporation of kefir grains into the nanofibrils, enhancing the bioavailability and health benefits. From the results, it is evident that higher loading efficiency occurs at lower concentrations (2%) of kefir grains, while at higher concentrations (3%), the kefir grains tend to form aggregates due to the bundling effect. Additionally, β-lg nanofibrils served as an effective scaffold material, supporting a novel strategy for developing functional dairy products with added gut health benefits.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bile Acids and Bile Acid Metabolites in the Activation and Inhibition of Pyroptotic Cell Death, Influencing Inflammation","authors":"Sukran Yagmur Avcioglu,&nbsp;Caglar Berkel","doi":"10.1111/apm.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pyroptosis is a lytic and pro-inflammatory regulated cell death pathway mediated by pores formed by the oligomerization of gasdermin proteins on cellular membranes. Different pro-inflammatory molecules such as interleukin-18 are released from these pores, promoting inflammation. Pyroptotic cell death has been implicated in many pathological conditions, including cancer and liver diseases. Bile acids are amphipathic cholesterol-derived molecules, regulating many biological processes due to their unique structures and functions. Increasing data has recently shown that bile acids have additional novel functions besides their classical role as a lipid solubilizer in dietary lipid digestion. In the present review, primary and secondary bile acids that have been shown to be involved either in the activation or in the inhibition of pyroptotic cell death in diverse cell types and contexts, thereby modulating inflammation, were covered. Besides, their mechanisms of action in pro-inflammatory cell death and subsequent inflammation were detailed. These studies together point out that different bile acids might influence pyroptotic events in varied ways (either positively or negatively) depending on different parameters such as the type of bile acid, via distinct downstream players and molecular processes. A more complete understanding of bile acid-induced changes in pyroptotic events in different disease conditions is needed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Short-Term Culture and Direct MALDI-TOF MS for Identification of Candida Species From Blood Cultures","authors":"Tugce Unalan-Altintop,&nbsp;Kristoffer Jansson,&nbsp;Volkan Özenci","doi":"10.1111/apm.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rapid and reliable identification of <i>Candida</i> spp. is crucial due to changing epidemiology and increasing resistance. This study aims to compare the identification rates, average Log Score (LS) values, and three different methods: short-term culture, Sepsityper kit, and an in-house method. Simulated blood culture (BC) samples with clinical <i>Candida</i> isolates and human blood from healthy donors were used. Sepsityper kit was used according to manufacturers' recommendations. An in-house protocol was designed using SDS for lysis of erythrocytes. Short-term culture was performed by inoculation of BC broth on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and chromogenic plates and cultured for 6 h. A total of 52 clinical <i>Candida</i> isolates were included in the study. The identification rate was highest (71.9%) for the short-term culture method, 59.6% for the Sepsityper kit, and 57.3% for the in-house method when all types of bottles were analyzed. Higher identification rates were obtained using the BD BACTEC Mycosis-IC/F bottles: 76.7% for the short-term culture method, 100% for the in-house method, and 76.9% for the Sepsityper kit. Short-term culture has high performance in the identification of <i>Candida</i> species, despite a slightly longer detection time than direct MALDI-TOF MS methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apm.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Exhibit Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activity Against Candida albicans via Intracellular ROS Production","authors":"Nidhi Chandrakar,&nbsp;Sudhir K. Shukla,&nbsp;Dugeshwar Karley,&nbsp;Namrata Upadhyay,&nbsp;Y. V. Nancharaiah","doi":"10.1111/apm.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence of antifungal resistance in <i>Candida albicans</i> necessitates the development of novel therapeutic strategies. This study evaluates the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (bAgNPs) synthesized using <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> bacterial supernatant. UV–Visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of bAgNPs, with a distinct absorbance peak at 418 nm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing determined that 50 μg/mL effectively inhibited fungal growth. bAgNPs significantly reduced biofilm biomass, with an 80 μg/mL concentration resulting in over a 70% reduction, as demonstrated by crystal violet staining and fluorescence microscopy. Mechanistic studies revealed that bAgNPs induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, with fluorescence intensity peaking at 80 μg/mL, leading to oxidative stress-mediated cell death. The yeast-to-hyphal transition, a key virulence mechanism, was inhibited, impeding the fungal invasiveness. Furthermore, the disruption of cell membrane integrity was confirmed by SYTO 9/propidium iodide staining, where over 60% of cells displayed compromised membranes at MIC. MTT assay results demonstrated that bAgNPs impaired mitochondrial function by reducing metabolic activity by 75% at MIC. These findings suggest that bAgNPs target multiple critical pathways, including ROS-mediated oxidative damage, membrane disruption, and metabolic impairment, thereby exerting a potent antifungal effect; thus, they present a promising approach for treating biofilm-associated <i>C. albicans</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":8167,"journal":{"name":"Apmis","volume":"133 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/apm.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}