Journal of international affairs最新文献_第2页

Soft Power in International Relations: Opportunities for Small States like Nepal 国际关系中的软实力：尼泊尔等小国的机遇

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2020-05-24 DOI: 10.3126/joia.v3i1.29092

S. Karki, Sarashree Dhungana

引用次数: 3

Small State Constraint: International System or Domestic Politics? A Case of Nepal and Fiji 小国约束：国际体系还是国内政治？以尼泊尔和斐济为例

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2020-05-24 DOI: 10.3126/joia.v3i1.29082

G. Bhattarai, Vasiti N.B. Cirikiyasawa

{"title":"Small State Constraint: International System or Domestic Politics? A Case of Nepal and Fiji","authors":"G. Bhattarai, Vasiti N.B. Cirikiyasawa","doi":"10.3126/joia.v3i1.29082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29082","url":null,"abstract":"Available literature on the role of small states in international relations has focused on the international system’s impact on the maneuverability of small states. The influence of domestic politics in determining the foreign policy goals of small states seems to have lacked enough deliberations. Identifying this research gap, this article aims to analyze the foreign policy behavior of small states, including Fiji and Nepal. More precisely, this write-up argues that the small states' behavior cannot be adequately comprehended if it is only assessed from the system level of analysis, as their behavior is not only influenced by external factors or the international system. This research sheds light on how domestic factors play an important role in shaping the foreign policy of small states. In this regard, the prime objective of the paper is to examine how the domestic events of 2006 in Fiji and Nepal influenced their post-2006 foreign policy agendas. The 2006 Military Coup in Fiji and the Second People’s Movement of 2006 in Nepal are examined here to appraise how foreign policy was devised and formulated to address the issues that arose out of these events, thus allowing the two countries to remain functional in the international society of states.","PeriodicalId":81668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of international affairs","volume":"3 1","pages":"52-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44632308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Power Trading in South Asia: Some Aspects of Benefits 南亚的电力交易:利益的某些方面

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2020-05-24 DOI: 10.3126/joia.v3i1.29088

M. P. Lama

{"title":"Power Trading in South Asia: Some Aspects of Benefits","authors":"M. P. Lama","doi":"10.3126/joia.v3i1.29088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29088","url":null,"abstract":"Of having immense regional capacity of 395,096 MW as of mid-2018, South Asia is gradually emerging as a fulcrum of electricity exchange and powers trading so, bilateral exchanges are occurring, as evident in the noteworthy Bhutan-India power flow of 1,410MW. India and Bangladesh have four historic power trading practices in place and the Power Purchase Agreement of 2014 between Nepal and India, these two countries exchange up to 350 MW of electricity. All these have triggered immense possibilities opening the scope for multilateral power flows. A huge jump from the present total crossborder trading of hardly 2500 MW is very possible. Nepal could potentially be the biggest beneficiary in this game. If harnessed steadily, its power could be sold across South and South East Asia, with wheeling facilities provided by Indian national grids. A Bangladesh–Bhutan–India trilateral hydroelectric power-generation agreement is likely to be signed soon. Energy secretaries of Bangladesh and Nepal have decided to develop hydropower projects in Nepal through government-to-government investment and then export the electricity thus produced to Bangladesh through the Indian transmission system Power trade would change the composition of the export baskets of power exporting countries and help them address their adverse balance of trade and balance of payment. Additional income from power export and an enhanced level of economic activity can be invested in social infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":81668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of international affairs","volume":"3 1","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46219015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nepal-India Relations: Beyond Realist and Liberal Theoretical Prisms 尼泊尔-印度关系:超越现实主义和自由主义的理论棱镜

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2020-05-24 DOI: 10.3126/joia.v3i1.29085

K. Karki, Harish Kc

引用次数: 6

Critical Issues Related to Connectivity in South Asia 与南亚互联互通有关的关键问题

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2020-05-24 DOI: 10.3126/joia.v3i1.29084

H. Chand

{"title":"Critical Issues Related to Connectivity in South Asia","authors":"H. Chand","doi":"10.3126/joia.v3i1.29084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29084","url":null,"abstract":"This paper mainly deals with connectivity of Nepal with neighboring countries and beyond. Nepal entered into an agreement with India for a Raxaul – Kathmandu railway line survey last year. After rail connectivity is established with India, Nepal is expected to benefit through transport costs compared to existing road connectivity. Nepal also signed an MoU with India for the development of inland water ways during the last visit by Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli to India. This is expected to provide Nepal with greater opportunities of better connection with Indian ports to promote trade with her southern neighbor and beyond. Moreover, Nepal and Chinese governments have agreed to work together to construct a rail link between Kerung and Kathmandu. This should allow Indian and Chinese railways to link in Kathmandu although that may yet take some time. Similarly, if Nepal deals tactfully with India and Bangladesh to make the Kathmandu-Kakarvitta-Phulbari-Banglabandha corridor function smoothly, there is a high possibility of establishing China-Nepal-India-Bangladesh (CNIB) Economic Corridor in the future. This paper attempts to explain the critical geo-political issues and challenges in connectivity facing Nepal. This paper is based on secondary data and both the qualitative and quantitative methods have been adopted for analysis. The key point of arguments presented by the paper is that all South Asian countries need to come up with “Connectivity Diplomacy”, preferably on the Track 1.5 level.","PeriodicalId":81668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of international affairs","volume":"3 1","pages":"68-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42079082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

From Inner Peace to World Peace: Buddhist Meditation in Practice 从内心和平到世界和平:佛教禅修的实践

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2020-05-24 DOI: 10.3126/joia.v3i1.29089

N. P. Sharma

{"title":"From Inner Peace to World Peace: Buddhist Meditation in Practice","authors":"N. P. Sharma","doi":"10.3126/joia.v3i1.29089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29089","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of 'peace' is defined and understood in various ways. Understanding peace as absence of violence is a limited vision. Peace encompasses happiness and harmony among living beings. In a wider understanding, peace is the nature and goal of every sentient being. Being peaceful is living in friendship with oneself and with every creature. Peace is indivisible but peril anywhere can be a threat to peace everywhere. Buddhism envisions peace as inner state of mental tranquility which spreads outward. Attaining a state of inner peace could be an inspiration to all. Buddha attained inner peace by the practice of meditation, which inspired him to work for world peace. In most of his teachings, Buddha has emphasized that the practice of vipassanā uproots mental defilements, which are, according to him, the causes of suffering and restlessness. Once a person overcomes suffering, he realizes inner peace. Inner peace projects itself outward, towards the family, friends and the larger society. This ensures peace and harmony in the outer world. Thus, world peace can be achieved through inner peace. This article presents the existing potential of this postulation based on Buddhist understanding. Buddha became a source of inspiration to all humanity as he attained peace of mind. This research talks about how mental defilements can be uprooted, how a person finds the peace of mind and how inner peace may lead towards world peace.","PeriodicalId":81668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of international affairs","volume":"3 1","pages":"132-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/joia.v3i1.29089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47471729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Small State between Two Major Powers: Nepal’s Foreign Policy Since 1816 两个大国之间的小国:1816年以来尼泊尔的外交政策

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22575

Dhruba R. Adhikari

{"title":"A Small State between Two Major Powers: Nepal’s Foreign Policy Since 1816","authors":"Dhruba R. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22575","url":null,"abstract":"Nepal is a small state situated in a geo-strategic location between two major powers—China and India, the former being a great state, and the latter a middle state. Nepal has asymmetric relations with both India and China in terms of national power. Nepalese psyche has been shaped by the very geostrategic situation since the time immemorial. However, Nepal as a modern state was born only in 1768, since then it has adopted different strategies for its survival according to the changes in international, regional and domestic power equations. During the initial phase (1768-1814), Nepal was called Gorkha empire and it had pursued a grand strategy of sub-regional hegemony while being mindful of the sensibilities of the big powers in the North and the South. Nepal made a transition from imperial grand strategy to small power diplomacy in 1816 when it was defeated in Anglo-Nepal War (1814-16). From 1848, when Jung Bahadur came to power, Nepal started to fully bandwagon with the British colonialists in India. After that, Nepal had followed strategies of ‘special relationship’ with its neighbors, non-alignment, balancing, balking, neutrality, equidistance, equiproximity and trilateral cooperation depending upon changes in domestic, and regional as well as international politics.","PeriodicalId":81668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of international affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22575","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48279567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Nepal’s Search for Prosperity through Transit Diplomacy 尼泊尔通过过境外交寻求繁荣

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22576

K C Khadga, G. Bhattarai

{"title":"Nepal’s Search for Prosperity through Transit Diplomacy","authors":"K C Khadga, G. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22576","url":null,"abstract":"This article traces out the causes for why Nepal’s search for prosperity through transit diplomacy appears to be an un accomplished venture. Identifying different indicators of Nepal’s transit diplomacy, it specifies to what extent Nepal can execute its transit diplomacy and to what extent it cannot. This article also argues that Nepal’s proposal of trilateral ism to its immediate neighbours, India to the South and China to the North, itself, so far has not been institutionalized through any means of trilateral dialogues or ministerial-level meetings. It has only been reduced to the status of a metaphor merely inferring Nepal’s possibilities to bridge two emerging economies in the neighbourhood, which are, however, deemed as the prime actors of Easternization process itself. Hypothesizing that the venture of transit diplomacy has not gained sufficient momentum, this article does not only assess the reluctance of India in providing momentum to trilaterialism, but underlines Nepal’s lack of preparation and assertiveness which have actually sidelined her plausible role to make it happen at Nepal’s larger interest. The idea of trilateralism should, therefore, bear an institutional reality. Without such an institutionalization, Nepal’s quest for prosperity through transit diplomacy might not yield expected results, and shall always dwell on the status of an un accomplished venture.","PeriodicalId":81668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of international affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46740117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Hydropower Dams, Environment and Politics 水电大坝、环境与政治

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22573

Agm Niaz Uddin, K. Uddin

{"title":"Hydropower Dams, Environment and Politics","authors":"Agm Niaz Uddin, K. Uddin","doi":"10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22573","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy sources are vital to fulfill the high demands of energy in the present world. The common renewable energy sources are wind, hydropower, nuclear and biomass. However, hydropower is considered the most flexible and consistent renewable energy source because it is comparatively cheaper and more available. Besides hydroelectricity production, hydropower dams can also be useful for irrigation. Though hydropower energy is considered as green energy due to its less carbon emission, still other environmental impacts of hydropower dams are many. Hydropower dams are built based on political ground. Research into the politics of building hydropower dams and environment remains underdeveloped in many ways. Thus, this paper focuses on the issues of politics of building hydropower dams and its impacts on environment. This paper has critically reviewed the extensive literature to examine the argument and counter argument. This paper argues that the building hydropower dams on international river for renewable energy has political as well as environmental impacts. Most of the literature argued that hydropower dams provide renewable energy which produces less carbon emission, but it is argued in this paper that hydropower dams have huge political and environmental impacts nationally and internationally. Displacement of the people and dispute for water distribution among countries due to the building hydropower dams are also considered to be significant for discussion in this paper. Thus, the paper critically examines the impacts and role of hydropower dams on environment, international relations and politics.","PeriodicalId":81668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of international affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22573","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46962195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shades of Sovereignty: Understanding Sovereignty in International Politics 主权的阴影:理解国际政治中的主权

Journal of international affairs Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22574

Apekshya Shah

{"title":"Shades of Sovereignty: Understanding Sovereignty in International Politics","authors":"Apekshya Shah","doi":"10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22574","url":null,"abstract":"Correction: On 29th June 2020, the author's name was changed from Apkeshya Shah TO Apekshya Shah. \u0000This paper analyses the concept of Westphalian sovereignty and its practices among states, particularly in the bilateral relationship between Nepal and India. The notion of Westphalian sovereignty, basically a principle of non-intervention in the internal matters of other states, has been a contested concept since the beginning of its inception. Despite numerous international agreements, system-affecting and system-influencing countries have not refrained from meddling into the internal affairs of system-ineffectual states. Taking the issue of alleged Indian interference in Nepal's internal affairs into consideration, this paper examines levels and degrees of correction in accusations and assertions. And if it is correct then how can we understand it better. The first part of the paper discusses the conceptual frame of state sovereignty and its evolution over time. Then, the issue of the exercise of sovereignty is explored and, concurrently, the compromise of state sovereignty is also explained before analysing Nepal-India relations. Next, the Nepal-India relations are analysed.","PeriodicalId":81668,"journal":{"name":"Journal of international affairs","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3126/JOIA.V2I1.22574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46123542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2