{"title":"The Latest IMF‐Sponsored Stabilization Program: Does It Represent a Long‐Term Solution for Mexico's Economy?","authors":"Miguel Ramírez","doi":"10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00005.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00005.X","url":null,"abstract":"On 20 December 1994, the newly inaugurated government of President Ernesto Zedillo shattered Mexico's facade of modernity by finding itself, first, forced to devalue the currency by 14% (in real terms), and then, only a few days later and under intense pressure from speculators (sacadolares), to allow the peso to float freely against the dollar. By the end of December, the value of the peso vis-a-vis the dollar had dropped by more than 30%, and the country had lost between $7 and $8 billion in foreign exchange reserves.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"38 1","pages":"129-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00005.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63366806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Will Latin America Finally Have a Real Revolution","authors":"William E. Ratliff","doi":"10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00006.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00006.X","url":null,"abstract":"Lowenthal, Abraham F. and Gregory Treverton (eds.) LATIN AMERICA IN A NEW WORLD. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1994. Acronyms, index, 265 pp.; paper. Leiken, Robert S. (ed.) A NEW MOMENT IN THE AMERICAS. Coral Gables, FL: North-South Center, 1994. 130 pp.; paper. Larroulet V., Cristian (ed.) PRIVATE SOLUTIONS TO PUBLIC PROBLEMS: THE CHILEAN EXPERIENCE. Santiago de Chile: Instituto Libertad y Desarrollo, 1993. 290 pp.; paper.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"38 1","pages":"157-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00006.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63366875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Democracy, Market Economics, and Environmental Policy in Chile","authors":"Eduardo Silva","doi":"10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00001.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00001.X","url":null,"abstract":"hile's return to democratic rule with sustained economic growth provided the opportunity for some much-welcomed political space that, it was hoped, would permit the country to attend, at long last, to a number of pressing issues which had been long deferred, if not ignored, by the previous military government. Some of those issues, such as the consolidation of democracy, poverty, and human rights, had been the subject of considerable study by scholars. Much less studied, however, although also on the agenda, was the promise to address Chile's environmental problems, which had become much exacerbated under the laissez-faire economic model favored by the military regime. Because the new democratic administrations have followed through on that promise, the Chilean example lends support to that hypothesis which holds that environmental concerns in developing countries can be addressed more effectively under economically stable democratic regimes than by authoritarian political systems. While Chile's recent environmental policy clearly offers hope for the future, it also presents a challenge. Policy debates on environmental questions have been surprisingly sharp and bruising. The force and outcome of these debates give rise to two questions. First, can developing countries with neoliberal policy orientations consider a sufficiently Eduardo Silva is Assistant Professor of Political Science and a Fellow of the","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00001.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63395587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Income and Land Distribution in Haiti: Some Remarks on Available Statistics","authors":"M. Lundahl","doi":"10.1057/9780230304932_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230304932_6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"358 1","pages":"107-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58212580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"US Defense Policy for the Western Hemisphere: New Wine in Old Bottles, Old Wine in New Bottles, or Something CompletelyDifferent?","authors":"Paul G. Buchanan","doi":"10.2307/166394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166394","url":null,"abstract":"THE modern US defense role in the Western Hemisphere is framed by the terms of the 1947 Rio Treaty, the 1948 Charter of the Organization of America States (OAS), and subsequent bilateral and multilateral protocols like that creating the 1982 Regional Security System (RSS) in the Eastern Caribbean. As components of a collective security system that was explicitly anti-communist in design and intention, the Rio Treaty and its successor documents were established to combat threats posed either by direct aggression on the part of the Soviet Union and/or of Soviet-sponsored, Marxist-Leninist infiltration in the region. These represented the mainstay of the US-Latin American strategic alliance for over 40 years. Most importantly, the orientation of the Inter-American Defense System (IADS) fostered the notion that, within the embrace of the US strategic nuclear and conventional umbrella, military threats to the Western Hemisphere would originate","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poverty and Inequalityin Latin America: A Neostructural Perspective","authors":"Joseph R. Ramos","doi":"10.2307/166365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166365","url":null,"abstract":"Second, despite the fact that the region has now reached an intermediate position among the world's nations in terms ofper capita income (some US$2,000 per year on average), a level which, by historical standards, would presuppose a more equitable distribution of income, this has not happened. In fact, the distribution of income in Latin America has become, if anything, more highly skewed than ever. The question then is: why is this so? The explanation forms the heart of this paper. Precisely because neither of these statements would hold if the countries to which they apply were either \"average\" or \"well-behaved,\" the explanation that follows assumes a \"neostructuralist perspective\" (Lustig, 1991) - i.e., one that ascribes causality to a number of regional charactristics related to its history and the interaction among its factor, cultural, and institutional endowments.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"38 1","pages":"141-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Poverty and Inequality in Latin America","authors":"G. Rosenthal","doi":"10.2307/166358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166358","url":null,"abstract":"It is by now conventional wisdom to say that, while the countries of Latin America have improved their economic performance over the past few years, the majority of their populations have suffered a reversal in their standards of living compared to, let us say, 1980. After the protracted recession and acute macroeconomic disequilibria which was experienced by almost all the countries during the first half of the 1980s, many are staging a recovery in the 1990s. On the positive side, some of the indicators most frequently cited include the resumption of growth (albeit at moderate rates), greater financial stability, an increasingly diversified export sector, and political democratization. On the negative side, one finds inevitable mention of the following: inequitable distribution of income, a high incidence of absolute poverty, and the social tensions that tend to accompany them.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"38 1","pages":"15-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Engendering World Politics and Caribbean Studies","authors":"Lorraine Bayard de Volo","doi":"10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00008.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00008.X","url":null,"abstract":"Although the study of gender in the Western Hemisphere and world politics is still a new field, academics are increasingly raising the question: \"Where are the women?\" In the beginning, this vacuum was filled simply by adding women to the analysis. While it was argued that the study of politics, economics, and history should also include \"herstory,\" this occurred without making any significant changes, either methodological or epistemological, in the analyses. In the last decade, however, feminist theorists have developed new, more probing questions and challenges. Theory from a feminist standpoint begins with the lived experiences of women to discover women's ways of knowing, which the social sciences have often denigrated as intuitive and emotional. Newworld views validated by this approach undermine, and clash with, the dominant methods employed by the social sciences, which seek to emulate the hard sciences.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"38 1","pages":"179-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00008.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63367039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laying the Groundwork: The Struggle for Civil Society in El Salvador","authors":"M. W. Foley","doi":"10.2307/166396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/166396","url":null,"abstract":"The armed conflict that wracked El Salvador from 1980 to the signing of the Peace Accords in January 1992 began and ended in a still unresolved struggle over civil society: over what expression civil society would be allowed to take, over its influence in public debate, over who would control it, and how. If the Right fought to protect its own economic power, it fought first of all on the ground of civil society, attempting by all means available to subordinate, or subdue, the forces unleashed via the wave of organizing by church groups, unions, and the Left in the 1960s (Baloyra, 1982; Lungo U., 1987; Montgomery, 1995). The targets of the famous “death squads,” which emerged well before the eruption of civil war in 1981, were preponderantly representatives of organized civil society: union leaders, teachers, community organizers, health workers, catechists. While political militants have been the most prominent among recent victims of the violence carried out by resurgent death squads, the struggle going on in El Salvador today is essentially a struggle over the character and direction of the new civil society that has arisen in the wake of the war and the Peace Accords.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"38 1","pages":"67-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/166396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68532497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thrust Together: The Netherlands Relationship with Its Caribbean Partners","authors":"R. Hoefte","doi":"10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00002.X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00002.X","url":null,"abstract":"In December 1942, the Dutch Queen Wilhelmina announced, in a radio address, that the Netherlands was revising its relationship with its colonies, employing the famous words: \"Relying on one's own strength, with the will to support each other\" [Steunend op eigen kracht, metde wil elkander bij te staan] (Schenk and Spaan, 1945: 56). Some 52 years later, her granddaughter, Queen Beatrix, returned to this theme in a televised speech delivered to mark the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the Charter of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, when she referred to relations between The Netherlands and its Caribbean partners as one of \"a genuine relationship and mutual commitment\" (een ecbte verwantschap en onderlinge betrokkenheid). This Charter, signed in 1954, had been drawn up to establish that henceforth the Kingdom of the Netherlands would be comprised of three equal partners: the Netherlands itself, Suriname, and the Netherlands Antilles. Back in 1954, when itwas signed, the Charterwas widelyviewed as constituting a first, major step towards eventual independence for the Dutch partners in the Caribbean. Nor could anyone have foreseen that, 40 years later, only Suriname would have achieved independence, while the islands of the Netherlands Antilles were renouncing that option and expressing a desire to remain Dutch.","PeriodicalId":81666,"journal":{"name":"Journal of interamerican studies and world affairs","volume":"38 1","pages":"35-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/J.1548-2456.1996.TB00002.X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63366850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}