Arabica最新文献

{"title":"Islamicate Occult Sciences in Theory and Practice, edited by Liana Saif, Francesca Leoni, Matthew Melvin-Koushki et Farouk Yahya","authors":"Pierre Lory","doi":"10.1163/15700585-20231670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-20231670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"25 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140738134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suffix Diversity and Arabic Language Phonological Typology","authors":"Jonathan Owens, Mohamed Embarki","doi":"10.1163/15700585-20231680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-20231680","url":null,"abstract":"The complexities of Arabic phonology have been documented in detail in particular in the dialectological and theoretical phonological traditions. In this paper we argue for the incorporation of a third perspective into Arabic linguistics, an Arabic-internal typological perspective. Eleven geographically representative dialects are compared along a common parameter, the structure of simple CaCaC nouns and verbs, followed by the addition of first one, then two suffixes. The suffixes are either identical across the noun/verb categories or are closely parallel. These basic structures are treated descriptively, and in addition two quantified indices, a paradigm diversity index and a consistency index are developed to facilitate a comparative overview. The phonological parameters are fundamental to Arabic: the treatment of short stressed/unstressed vowels in open syllables, constraints on <jats:sc>CCC</jats:sc> sequences or trisyllabic syncope for instance. What emerges is a cline of increasing phonological complexity as one, then two suffixes are added. Most striking, however, is the role played by morphophonology in informing the ever increasing degree of variation among the eleven dialects. Arabic syllabic phonology and morphophonology emerges as paradoxically at one and the same time, parsimonious and complex. A very few phonological rules produce a very high degree of contrastive forms among the eleven dialects.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138562092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I Am No Foundling”: Al-Makzūn al-Sinǧārī Responds to Ibn al-Fāriḍ’s Poem of the Way","authors":"Denis E. McAuley","doi":"10.1163/15700585-20231674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-20231674","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a translation and analysis of a poem by the Nuṣayrī (ʿAlawī) poet al-Makzūn al-Sinǧārī (d. 638/1240) responding to a masterpiece of Arabic Sufi poetry, the <jats:italic>Poem of the Way</jats:italic> by his contemporary ʿUmar b. al-Fāriḍ (d. 632/1235). Al-Makzūn uses Ibn al-Fāriḍ’s own words to paint him as a false claimant outside the genealogy of true lovers. As against Ibn al-Fāriḍ’s mysticism of identification with an immanent beloved and his focus on the holy sites, al-Makzūn posits a transcendent beloved that reflects a human image without taking human form, and a Mecca built purely on semantic associations. The poem shows that Ibn al-Fāriḍ’s alleged belief in incarnation (<jats:italic>ḥulūl</jats:italic>) was being debated from an early stage, and that Nuṣayrīs in this period engaged more closely with Sunni Sufi literature than often assumed. Al-Makzūn emerges as a subtle thinker and accomplished poet whose work has long been neglected.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138562069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le récit criminel arabe/Arabic Crime Fiction, written by Katia Ghosn et Benoît Tadié","authors":"Najla Nakhlé-Cerruti","doi":"10.1163/15700585-12341661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"121 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dīwān ʿAntarah ibn Shaddād : A Literary-Historical Study, written by James E. Montgomery War Songs, written by ʿAntara b. Šaddād","authors":"P. Larcher","doi":"10.1163/15700585-20231677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-20231677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"121 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138599645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sira Culture, Hadith and the Veneration of Muḥammad in the Later Middle Period: Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Dimašqī (d. 842/1438) as a Case Study","authors":"Caterina Bori","doi":"10.1163/15700585-20231663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-20231663","url":null,"abstract":"The article investigates the social and cultural practices of Sira production and consumption in the later Middle Period. It probes into the place held by Sira regarding the veneration of the Prophet, especially in relation to Hadith. Its first part shows that in the Middle Period Sira was intended as a vast literary repository characterized by fluidity of format, diverse social fruition, and plurality of practices in transmission and consumption. It was a literary field characterized by narrative malleability and creativity, for which there was popular demand and scholarly dedication. The life and work of the Šāfiʿī scholar and Hadith expert Ibn Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Dimašqī (d. 842/1438), in particular his <jats:italic>Ǧāmiʿ al-āṯār fī l-siyar wa-mawlid al-muḫtār</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>The Compilation of Traditions on the Life and Birth of the Chosen One</jats:italic>) occupies the second part of the article. Here, <jats:italic>Ǧāmiʿ al-āṯār</jats:italic> is taken as a written exemplification of the tight relationship between Sira, Hadith and devotion to the Prophet typical of the period, of 14th-15th century Damascus in particular. Overall, the article argues that the intended meaning and use of a text as rich as <jats:italic>Ǧāmiʿ al-āṯār</jats:italic> can be fully grasped only when we put it in close conversation with the Hadith culture and veneration for the Prophet of the time. It suggests the existence of a pervasive “Sira culture” binding people in a relationship of meaning to their shared memories of the life of the Prophet. Such culture was nurtured by remembrance of the Prophet’s excellency and life milestones. It aimed at cultivating salvific feelings of love for the Prophet that would assure believers a secure place in the Afterlife.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"43 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging Modern Muslims with Their Prophet","authors":"Ruggero Vimercati Sanseverino","doi":"10.1163/15700585-12341657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341657","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary Egypt, the secularization of discourses and practices raises a fundamental challenge to <jats:italic>sīra</jats:italic> writing concerning its vocation to make the founding narrative and the religious ideals of Islam comprehensible and meaningful to contemporary Muslims. Arguing that the Muslim community’s image of the Prophet does indeed both affect and reflect its religious and spiritual condition, the known Egyptian intellectual and former rector of al-Azhar, ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm Maḥmūd (1910-1978) holds the appearance of de-theologized forms of <jats:italic>sīra</jats:italic> writing as a symptom of a profound crisis of Islamic intellectuality. Against this background, his prophetological considerations seek to show that this challenge can only be overcome by a <jats:italic>sīra</jats:italic> writing that engages the audience in a personal and spiritual relationship with the Prophet.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les vies du Prophète Muḥammad en Égypte ottomane","authors":"Renaud Soler","doi":"10.1163/15700585-20231664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-20231664","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Cet article propose une réflexion sur l’écriture de la <jats:italic>sīra</jats:italic>, la « vie du Prophète », à partir de l’étude des catalogues de la Bibliothèque nationale égyptienne et de la Bibliothèque d’al-Azhar. L’analyse croisée des classifications des sciences médiévales et modernes, et des catégories utilisées par les catalogueurs à la fin du <jats:sc>XIX</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> et dans la première moitié du <jats:sc>XX</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> siècle, montre que la <jats:italic>sīra</jats:italic> était irréductible à la « biographie du Prophète », et recouvrait un ensemble de textes beaucoup plus large. La suite de l’article offre une description du corpus de 491 œuvres de <jats:italic>sīra</jats:italic> et des 1119 manuscrits et imprimés qui en sont les manifestations matérielles. Nous arrivons à la conclusion que ce corpus peut être utilisé pour décrire la culture de la <jats:italic>sīra</jats:italic> en Égypte et dans les provinces arabes de l’Empire ottoman. Deux résultats apparaissent particulièrement importants : la constitution de séries de textes (texte de base, commentaires, gloses) permet de décrire un pan majeur de la culture du commentaire à l’époque ottomane ; l’examen du corpus permet également d’offrir une perspective intéressante sur la transition entre la culture manuscrite et la culture imprimée dans l’Égypte du <jats:sc>XIX</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> siècle.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Sīra ḥalabiyya (1043/1633) : une Vie du Prophète à l’époque ottomane","authors":"Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen","doi":"10.1163/15700585-20231683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-20231683","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Achevé en 1043/1633, <jats:italic>Insān al-ʿuyūn fī sīrat al-nabī l-maʾmūn</jats:italic> du cheikh égyptien ʿAlī l-Ḥalabī (m. 1044/1635) est plus connu sous le nom d’<jats:italic>al-Sīra l-ḥalabiyya</jats:italic>. Elle se présente comme le résumé de deux <jats:italic>sīra</jats:italic>s d’époque mamelouke, les <jats:italic>ʿUyūn al-aṯar fī funūn al-maġāzī wa-l-šamāʾil wa-l-siyar</jats:italic> d’Ibn Sayyid al-Nās (m. 734/1334) et les <jats:italic>Subul al-hudā wa-l-rašād fī sīrat ḫayr al-ʿibād</jats:italic>, d’al-Ṣāliḥī l-Šāmī (m. 942/1536). La <jats:italic>Sīra ḥalabiyya</jats:italic> qui fut écrite à la demande du cheikh al-Bakrī s’inscrit dans les débats de l’islam ottoman du <jats:sc>XI</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup>/<jats:sc>XVII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> siècle. En se débarrassant des chaînes de transmission des hadiths, en évitant souvent de mentionner précisément ses sources, al-Ḥalabī cherche une souplesse narrative qui s’affranchit d’une quête trop étroite de l’authenticité au profit du vraisemblable et de multiples possibles. Sa méthode plus conciliatrice que récapitulative guide fermement le lecteur vers les signes de la présence du Prophète dans l’histoire des hommes, où les origines sont rendues constamment actuelles par de nouveaux récits.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"33 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histoire de l’islam au XIIe/XVIIIe siècle : deux livres, trois décennies de recherche","authors":"Catherine Mayeur-Jaouen","doi":"10.1163/15700585-20231673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700585-20231673","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé Le <jats:sc>XII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup>/<jats:sc>XVIII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> siècle et le début du <jats:sc>XIII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup>/<jats:sc>XIX</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> siècle virent émerger dans le monde musulman de grandes figures de réformateurs, <jats:italic>muǧaddid</jats:italic>s et <jats:italic>muǧtahid</jats:italic>s, perçus comme tels par leurs contemporains. Conscients d’une crise générale du monde musulman et désireux de maintenir l’unité de l’<jats:italic>umma</jats:italic>, ils souhaitaient y remédier par leurs projets de réforme, et participèrent au renouveau du Hadith qui caractérise les <jats:sc>XI</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup>/<jats:sc>XVII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> et <jats:sc>XII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup>/<jats:sc>XVIII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> siècle, en écho au <jats:sc>IX</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup>/<jats:sc>XV</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> siècle. Beaucoup aussi discutèrent le <jats:italic>takfīr</jats:italic>, pratiqué par Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb. Comment les étudier, comment les lire, et avec quelles méthodes ? Ce sont les questions que posent les deux livres recensés ici, tout en éclairant les progrès historiographiques dans l’histoire intellectuelle et religieuse du <jats:sc>XII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup>/<jats:sc>XVIII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> siècle. Le livre important d’Ahmad Dallal, <jats:italic>Islam without Europe : Traditions of Reform in Eighteenth-Century Islamic Thought</jats:italic>, paru en 2018, part de la lecture attentive des œuvres de six réformateurs, inscrits dans une tradition érudite yéménite et indienne : Ibn al-Amīr al-Ṣanʿānī (1099/1688-1182/1769), Šāh Walī Llāh al-Dihlāwī (Shah Waliullah, 1114/1703-1176/1762), Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb (1115/1703-1206/1792), ʿUṯmān b. Fūdī (Usman Dan Fodio, 1168/1754-1232/1817), Muḥammad b. ʿAlī l-Šawkānī (1173/1759-1250/1834) et Muḥammad b. ʿAlī l-Sanūsī (1202/1787-1276/1859). Fort savant, militant, mais malheureusement représentatif d’une histoire textuelle peu contextualisée, <jats:italic>Islam without Europe</jats:italic> est un livre très utile, qui encourage la lecture comparative des principaux auteurs abordés, al-Šawkānī en particulier. Il est pourtant possible de lire les sources primaires dans une vraie réflexion d’historien. C’est le propos de Stefan Reichmuth dans <jats:italic>The World of Murtaḍā al-Zabīdī</jats:italic>, paru en 2009, sur Murtaḍā l-Zabīdī (m. 1205/1791), savant indien formé au Yémen et installé en Égypte. Mêlant biographie, étude de réseaux, histoire générale de la pensée islamique au <jats:sc>XII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup>/<jats:sc>XVIII</jats:sc><jats:sup>e</jats:sup> siècle dans son ancrage social, politique et économique, le livre conclut à l’humanisme de ce savant musulman et soufi.","PeriodicalId":8163,"journal":{"name":"Arabica","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138520938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}