Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics最新文献_第5页

Robot companions and ethics a pragmatic approach of ethical design. 机器人同伴与伦理:一种实用的伦理设计方法。

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.3917/jib.243.0049

Gérard Cornet

{"title":"Robot companions and ethics a pragmatic approach of ethical design.","authors":"Gérard Cornet","doi":"10.3917/jib.243.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jib.243.0049","url":null,"abstract":"From his experience as ethical expert for two Robot Companion prototype projects aiming at empowering older MCI persons to remain at home and to support their family carers, Gerard Cornet, Gerontologist, review the ethical rules, principles and pragmatic approaches in different cultures. The ethical process of these two funded projects, one European, Companionable (FP7 e-inclusion call1), the other French, Quo vadis (ANR tecsan) are described from the inclusion of the targeted end users in the process, to the assessment and ranking of their main needs and whishes to design the specifications, test the performance expected. Obstacles to turn round and limits for risks evaluation (directs or implicit), acceptability, utility, respect of intimacy and dignity, and balance with freedom and security and frontiers to artificial intelligence are discussed As quoted in the discussion with the French and Japanese experts attending the Toulouse Robotics and medicine symposium (March 26th 2011), the need of a new ethical approach, going further the present ethical rules is needed for the design and social status of ethical robots, having capacity cas factor of progress and global quality of innovation design in an ageing society.","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"24 4","pages":"49-58, 179-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3917/jib.243.0049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32144259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

[Promoting public involvement to increase the legitimacy in health policy decisions]. [促进公众参与，提高卫生政策决定的合法性]。

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-12-01 DOI: 10.3917/jib.243.0159

K Sénécal, M Stanton-Jean, D Avard

{"title":"[Promoting public involvement to increase the legitimacy in health policy decisions].","authors":"K Sénécal, M Stanton-Jean, D Avard","doi":"10.3917/jib.243.0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jib.243.0159","url":null,"abstract":"The participation of the public in the elaboration of politics has become unavoidable in most countries. The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights of UNESCO, adopted by the General conference in 2005, makes the public a paramount aspect in the decision making in bioethics. In the case of explanatory research, based on political analysis and guidelines on the newborn screening programs from different countries, we have examined how the \"public\" is defined (who is the public?), what are the levels of privileged engagement, and what are the objectives sought out by this public participation? In general terms, we have noticed that the terms \"consultation\", \"engagement\", \"participation\" and \"partnership\" are often used as though they were synonymous, that the \"public\" is rarely well defined and that the levels of engagement from the public are variable. However, in spite of these findings, it appears that this willingness to respect the choice of individuals and to implicate the population in the debates or in the elaboration of health policies is motivated by the pursuit of values. These last few, although not frequently explicitly named to justify the initiative to involve the public constitute the source of these initiatives. In summary, it is evident that the moral values result in a significant difference in the answers that a population will give to the issues raised in a given domain and that these are often values that participation of the public looks to better identify and to integrate into health policies.","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"24 4","pages":"159-74, 186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32144200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Robots and men? Foreword. 机器人和人类?前言。

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-12-01

Christian Byk

引用次数: 0

[Teaching bioethics in the secondary system in France]. [法国中学系统的生物伦理学教学]。

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.3917/jib.242.0087

Isabelle Lavabre

{"title":"[Teaching bioethics in the secondary system in France].","authors":"Isabelle Lavabre","doi":"10.3917/jib.242.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jib.242.0087","url":null,"abstract":"Bioethics is not a subject in the French school curriculum but it can be taught in secondary schools. I will first raise the problems I encountered in order to teach it and some possible solutions for teaching it within the French educational system. An experimental approach often appears irrefutable to students and this can be an obstacle or slow down their acceptance of an ethical approach which leads to questioning result sor exploring more than one answer. The study of an ethical problem requires an interdisciplinary approach which is not always easy to put in place in schools, but which has been helped by the latest reform of the lycle curriculum. Nevertheless, who will be responsible for it? And how? The experiment which I have led over the past 9 years in my school, the Lycle International of St. Germain en Laye, has led me to try to work alongside at least one colleague who is a teacher of Philosophy. A group of students made up of volunteers from the classes of lère and Tie (the last two years of high school),from all three options of the baccalauréat (Scientific, Economic and Literary) and from all the international sections to be found in the school (13 in all) was formed. Firstly they became acquainted with ethical questioning and then took greater control by debating these issues after doing individual research. They spoke for themselves and I gained much from their own ideas and reflections. Arranging contacts and debates with specialists in the field and with witnesses with experiences of these situations enabled the students to be confronted with concrete examples and to understand the human dimension and the daily life of those concerned. Giving their thoughts in written form or translating ethical questioning in other ways proceeded the sharing of these ideas and thoughts with others: either in their own school through debates and other media or from French specialists during the days of reflections organized by the CCNE. In my opinion, this sort of learning is essential for the development of tomorrow's adults.","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"87-100, 168-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31695770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

[The role of communication techniques in the dissemination of programs linked to bioethics in Brazil]. [通信技术在巴西生物伦理学相关项目传播中的作用]。

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.3917/jib.242.0105

Christian De Paul De Barchifontaine

引用次数: 1

[The teaching of bioethics: the North African experience]. [生命伦理学的教学:北非的经验]。

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.3917/jib.242.0077

Abdelhafid Ossoukine

引用次数: 1

[Ethics training. Issues and relevance to students in healthcare]. (职业道德培训。问题和相关的学生在医疗保健]。

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.3917/jib.242.0133

Catherine Bert

引用次数: 0

[Training of managers and politicians in ethics of science and ethics of public health]. [对管理人员和政治家进行科学伦理和公共卫生伦理方面的培训]。

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.3917/jib.242.0125

Nicole Beaudry

引用次数: 0

[Building and teaching bioethics in French-speaking countries: at the crossroads of disciplines and practices]. [在法语国家建立和教授生物伦理学:在学科和实践的十字路口]。

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-06-01

Béatrice Godard, Zéphirin Moubé

{"title":"[Building and teaching bioethics in French-speaking countries: at the crossroads of disciplines and practices].","authors":"Béatrice Godard, Zéphirin Moubé","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"It is inmportant to emphasize three aspects concerning the construction and teaching of 'French bioethics: the maintenance and promotion ofa multidisciplinary approach; a greater autonomy in the management and development of training programs; positioning a power of attraction and development in French-speaking countries. Bioethics is defined as a field of interdisciplinary studies at the junction of the health sciences and the humanities and, more importantly, directly connected to the reality of the health community, research and public Policy. A greater autonomy in the management and development of training programs is also capital. The danger of being dominated by one discipline involved whether medicine, law, philosophy, theology is real and prevents from promoting methodological approaches that are both theoretical and empirical. Finally, compliance with local and national, but also disciplinary diversity is essential to the construction and teaching of French bioethics. As such, the University of Montreal has positioned itself as a leader in the French-speaking countries: at the junction of North America and European countries, Quebec has developed its own specificity in bioethics, which is a force of attraction for many countries of the French-speaking world. In this context, the Bioethics Programs at the University of Montreal rely heavily on knowledge transfer to other cultures. Moreover, the internationalization of training programs in French bioethics is a major issue in the current context of globalization and transmission of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"55-72, 165-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31695766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[To become a "bioethicist"?]. [成为一个“生物伦理学家”?]

Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics Pub Date : 2013-06-01 DOI: 10.3917/jib.242.0043

Nouzha Guessous

{"title":"[To become a \"bioethicist\"?].","authors":"Nouzha Guessous","doi":"10.3917/jib.242.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/jib.242.0043","url":null,"abstract":"To date, there is no consensus on the definition of bioethics. As a multidisciplinarv reflection by essence, it is not clear yet if it is a \"specialty\" or an approach. Bioethics teaching is not widespread and far from being standardized. Thus depending on the country and the institutions that provide it, there are still major variations in the background of the trainees, the terms, content and validation of the training provided, the qualifications for the teachers, and the professional status of the laureates. Although graduates in bioethics are more numerous, the title of \"bioethicist\" is still neither clearly defined, nor reserved for employment status. Within this framework the debate should furthermore reflect on the need or even the relevance to professionalize bioethics. Would it be appropriate and how to formalize bioethics multidisciplinary reflection and deliberation in a \"specialty\" with defined functions and jobs in the labor market? What could be the general field of qualification and areas of specialty? Can we design qualifications and status in bioethics like it has been done in law and legal sciences? Should we cope with \"general bioethicists\" versus \"specialized\" one? \"universalist bioethicists\" versus \"culturally oriented\" one? The debate is open.","PeriodicalId":81629,"journal":{"name":"Journal international de bioethique = International journal of bioethics","volume":"24 2-3","pages":"43-52, 164-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31695769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0