Archives of Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Powder and agglomerated free-choice minerals for grazing cattle: animal responses and chemical and physical alterations of the mineral mixture.","authors":"Manoel Gustavo Paranhos da Silva, Andrei Pereira Neves, Denise Baptaglin Montagner, Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo, Márcio de Nadai Bonin, Bruno Marson, Rodrigo da Costa Gomes","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2281809","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2281809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim was to evaluate the animal response and the chemical and physical changes of free-choice mineral mixtures fed to grazing cattle. Growing beef cattle were fed either powder (POW) or agglomerated (AGL) mineral mixtures in three different experiments (Exp.), carried out in pastures of <i>Brachiaria</i> grass. In Exp. 1 and 2, the mineral mixtures were disposed in unsheltered troughs (POWun vs. AGLun), being delivered once (D0, Exp.1) or twice (D0 and D8, Exp. 2), throughout 14-day periods. In Exp. 3, POWun and AGLun were additionally compared to POW in sheltered troughs (POWshe), and the mineral mixtures were disposed in D0, throughout 21-day periods. Non-consumed supplement was removed and sampled on D14 (Exp. 1 and 2) or D21 (Exp. 3). Evaluations included average daily body weight gain (ADG), daily disappearance of the supplement (DSD), penetration force of the supplement mass, faecal chemical composition and serum levels of Ca, P and Mg. In Exp. 1, no effects were observed on ADG and faecal mineral concentrations, however, changes in mineral concentrations and a 40% reduction in Na concentration in the supplement were observed, compared to the initial concentration. AGLun had a lower penetration force. In Exp. 2, there were no effects on DSD and faecal mineral concentrations. POWun showed a smaller reduction in Na content compared to AGLun, and AGLun showed lower penetration force. In Exp. 3, the treatments did not affect ADG, but there was a trend towards higher DSD and serum phosphorus (P) concentration for AGLun (<i>p</i> = 0.08). Higher faecal Na concentration was observed for AGLun and higher Na concentration occurred in non-consumed mixture of POWshe. Mineral supplements offered in uncovered troughs showed altered chemical and physical characteristics, with possible effects on supplement intake. However, the general changes are unlikely to alter animal performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"403-419"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138440140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous protease influences protein digestibility, growth performance, and gut microflora in weanling pigs on a limited protein diet.","authors":"Joseph Moturi, Abdolreza Hosseindoust, Elick Kinara, JunYoung Mun, SangHun Ha, SeRin Park, SangIn Park, Habeeb Tajudeen, Anushka Lokhande, Santosh Ingale, JinSoo Kim","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2257921","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2257921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary level of crude protein (CP) and protease supplementation on growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota in weaning pigs. Three hundred cross-bred piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were allotted to five dietary treatments on the basis of initial body weight (BW) and sex. Pigs were group-housed in pens with each treatment with 10 replicate pens with six pigs per pen. The treatments included a standard diet (STD), STD with 0.6% lower protein (STD0.6), STD with 0.6% lower protein and protease supplementation (Pro0.6), STD with 1.0% lower protein (STD1.0), STD with 1.0% lower protein and protease supplementation (Pro1.0). Results indicated a higher BW (<i>p</i> < 0.05) of piglets in the Pro0.6 group at days 0-42 compared to the STD0.6 and STD1.0 groups. The average daily gain was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the Pro0.6 treatments at days 0-42 compared to the STD0.6 and STD1.0. The gain to feed ratio was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the STD, and Pro0.6 groups compared to the STD0.6, Pro1.0 and the STD1.0 groups at days 0-42. Dry matter digestibility was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the STD1.0 group than the Pro0.6 and Pro1.0 groups. The crude protein digestibility was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the Pro0.6 group compared to the STD, STD0.6 and STD1.0 treatment groups while crude fat digestibility was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the STD and Pro0.6 compared with the STD0.6 and STD1.0 groups. Digestibility was higher for histidine (<i>p</i> < 0.05), leucine (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the protease Pro0.6 and Pro1.0 groups than in the STD0.6 and STD1.0 groups. The digestibility of non-essential AA was higher for alanine (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the Pro0.6 than the STD1.0 group. For faecal microbial population, <i>Faecalibacterium</i> abundance was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the Pro0.6 compared to all the other groups while the population of Actinobacteria was greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the STD group and lowest in the Pro1.0 treatment. In the ileum, villus height was greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the protease Pro0.6, and Pro1.0 groups compared to the STD0.6, and STD1.0 groups while the villus height to crypts depth ratio was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the STD 1.0 group compared to the STD, Pro0.6, and Pro1.0 groups. Based on these results, dietary protease supplementation improved nutrient digestibility and gut histo-morphology translating to improved utilisation of nutrients thus positively impacting growth performance in weaned pigs. Further, reducing the CP content in the diets increased the abundance of <i>Muribaculaceae</i> while protease supplementation increased the population of <i>Faecalibacterium</i> in the gut of the weanling piglets on the STD0.6 diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"342-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54227456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestibility and nitrogen balance of goats on high and low protein rations supplemented with a commercial tannin feed-additive.","authors":"Mariko Ingold, Mwanaima R Ramadhan, Eva Schlecht","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2277997","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2277997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the increasing importance of goat production in response to high demand for their products and their relative robustness to environmental stressors, and in contrast to other ruminant species, little data is available on how tannin extract feeding affects their feed intake, nutrient digestion and nitrogen (N) metabolism. Therefore, a trial in Oman investigated the respective variables by using a commercial tannin feed additive. In a 4 (treatments) x 3 (periods) x 2 (animals) Youden square, two weaned Batinah bucks each were fed a high or low protein diet of Rhodes grass hay and crushed barley grain, with or without the addition of a chestnut and quebracho tannin extract at 2 g/kg metabolic weight. Feed offered, feed refused and faeces and urine excreted were quantified to determine diet digestibility, total N excretion, N retention and rumen microbial protein synthesis (MPS). Due to their young age and low live weight, feed intake of goats was relatively low. Crude protein level and tannin addition had no statistically significant effect on dry matter (DM) and N intake, DM digestibility, N excretion in faeces and urine, as well as MPS. In consequence, no benefit of tannin feeding could be confirmed for the goats' N retention, irrespective of diet composition. These results indicate, on one hand, an effective neutralisation of the tested tannin extract along the gastrointestinal tract of goats, but on the other hand, that stimulation of MPS or N retention by tannins cannot be evidenced when diet components are present that simultaneously release energy and protein, as is the case with barley.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"385-402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138443660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term exposure of dairy cows to pyrrolizidine alkaloids from tansy ragwort (<i>Jacobaea vulgaris</i> Gaertn.): effects on health and performance.","authors":"Kirsten Knoop, Karin Knappstein, Florian Kaltner, Angelika Miriam Gabler, Julian Taenzer, Anja These, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Jana Frahm, Jeannette Kluess, Liane Hüther, Christoph Gottschalk, Knud Erik Bach Knudsen, Janine Saltzmann, Sven Dänicke","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2261806","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2261806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing spread of ragworts is observed with concern. Ragworts like tansy ragwort (<i>Jacobaea vulgaris</i> Gaertn.) or marsh ragwort (<i>J. aquatica</i>) contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) which may induce hepatotoxic effects. Grazing animals usually avoid ragworts if their pasture management is appropriate. Preserved feed prepared from ragworts contaminated meadows may, however, lead to a significant exposure to PA. Previous studies on toxicity of PA for dairy cows revealed inconsistent results due to feeding ragwort plant material which was associated with heterogeneous PA exposure and thus failed to conclusively deduce critical PA doses. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to expose dairy cows (<i>n</i> = 4 per group) in a short-term scenario for 28 days with increasing PA doses (PA1: 0.47 mg PA/kg body weight (BW)/day (d); PA2: 0.95 mg PA/kg BW/d; PA3: 1.91 mg PA/kg BW/d) via oral administration by gavage of a defined PA-extract. While group PA3 was dosed with the PA-extract alone, groups PA2 and PA1 received PA-extracts blended in similar volumes with molasses to provide comparable amounts of sugar. Additionally, two control groups were treated either with water (CON_Water) or with molasses (CON_Molasses) to assess the effects of sugar without PA interference. While clinical traits including dry matter intake, milking performance, rectal body temperature, ruminal activity and body condition score (BCS) were not influenced by PA exposure, activities of enzymes indicative for liver damages, such as gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), increased significantly over time at an exposure of 1.91 mg total PA/kg BW/d.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"363-384"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41231945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive profiling of the metabolome in corn silage inoculated with or without <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> using different untargeted metabolomics analyses.","authors":"Rina Su, Wencan Ke, Jie Bai, Musen Wang, Samaila Usman, Dongmei Xie, Dongmei Xu, Mengyan Chen, Xusheng Guo","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2247824","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2247824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silage fermentation is a complicated biochemical process involving interactions between microbes and metabolites. However, the overall metabolome feature of ensiled forage and its response to lactic acid bacteria inoculation is poorly understood. Hence, in this study metabolome profiles of whole-plant corn silage inoculated with or without <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> were characterised via solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), and Liquid chromatography/Q Exactive HFX mass spectrometry (LC-QE-MS/MS) analysis. There were 2087 identified metabolites including 1143 reliably identified metabolites in fresh and ensiled whole-plant corn. After ensiling, the increased metabolites in whole-plant corn were mainly composed of organic acids, volatile organic compounds (VOC), benzene and substituted derivatives, carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, flavonoids, indoles and derivatives, organooxygen compounds (including amines and amides), phenols, pyridines and derivatives, and steroids and steroid derivatives, which includes neurotransmitters and metabolites with aromatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Phenylacetaldehyde was the most abundant aromatic metabolite after ensiling. L-isoleucine and oxoproline were the major free amino acids in silage. Ensiling markedly increased the relative abundances of 3-phenyllactic acid, chrysoeriol, 6-O-acetylaustroinulin, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, pyridoxine, and alpha-linoleic acid. Inoculation with <i>L. plantarum</i> remarkably changed silage VOC composition, and essential amino acids, 3-phenyllactic acid, and cinnamaldehyde compared with untreated silage. The present study does not only provide a deeper insight into metabolites of the ensiled whole-plant corn but also reveals metabolites with specific biological functions that could be much helpful in screening novel lactic acid bacteria to well ensile forages. Inoculation with <i>L. plantarum</i> significantly affects the metabolome in ensiled whole-plant corn.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":" ","pages":"323-341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41095723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of different dietary alfalfa hay to alfalfa silage ratios for dromedary camel feeding.","authors":"Navid Ghavipanje,&nbsp;Mohammad Hasan Fathi Nasri,&nbsp;Mojtaba Afshin,&nbsp;Seyyed Ahmad Hosseini,&nbsp;Sajjad Khorashadi","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2229721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2229721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two <i>in vivo</i> experiments studied the effects of different alfalfa hay (AH) to alfalfa silage (AS) ratios including 100:0 (AH100), 50:50 (AH50:AS50) and 0:100 (AS100) in total mixed rations (TMR) of dromedary camels. In experiment (Exp.) 1, a total of 18 multiparous Baluchi dairy camel [100 ± 5 days in milk (DIM); 3.65 ± 0.539 kg milk yield] were randomly allocated to one of the three groups (<i>n</i> = 6) for 42 d of experimental period. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily, and blood samples were collected on days 0, 21 and 42. In Exp. 2, 18 male Baluchi camel calves [275 ± 14 days of old; 105 ± 8 kg BW] were housed in individual shaded pens for 150 days. DMI was recorded daily and individual weights of camels were recorded monthly. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 75 and 150. In Exp.1, feeding different dietary AH:AS ratios altered neither DMI (<i>p</i> = 0.351) nor milk yield (<i>p</i> = 0.667). Of all milk components, only the milk urea nitrogen (MUN) was increased (<i>p</i> = 0.015) by AS feeding (both AH50:AS50 and/or AS100). AS feeding tended to increase AST (<i>p</i> = 0.099) and ALT (<i>p</i> = 0.092) levels in lactating camels. In Exp. 2, DMI (<i>p</i> = 0.845), average daily gain (ADG; <i>p</i> = 0.092) and return per kg BW gain (<i>p</i> = 0.710) of silage-fed camels were similar to those of hay-fed group. The plasma concentration of BUN (<i>p</i> = 0.014) and AST (<i>p</i> = 0.014) were increased in camels fed AS100. Overall, the results suggest that both AS and/or AH could be used in dromedary camel diets based on the climatic condition, season and available facilities; however, the long-term use of AS (as sole forage) should done with caution due to the potential risk of impaired liver function. Further studies needed to explore the impact of hay versus silage feeding on digestibility, rumen function and nitrogen pollution in camel feeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 4","pages":"275-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10171906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed intake and milk yield and composition of lactating dairy goats in response to partial substitution of soybean meal for formaldehyde-treated sesame meal in the diet.","authors":"Fateme Firozi, Omid Dayani, Reza Tahmasbi, Mohammad Amin Tajaddini","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2241338","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2241338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of substitution of soybean meal (SBM) for formaldehyde-treated sesame meal (FTSM) on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal and blood parameters and milk production and composition in lactating Murciano-Granadina goats. Forty lactating goats were randomly assigned to one of the following four treatments: (1) diet with 16.5% CP, containing SBM (CON); (2) diet with 16.5% CP, containing untreated SM (USM); (3) diet with 16.5% CP, containing FTSM (FT); and (4) diet with 14.5% CP containing FTSM (LPFT). The results showed that nutrient intake was highest in the FT group (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while it was similar between the CON and LPFT groups, except for the intake of CP, which was higher in the CON group. The FT and LPFT had lower ruminal pH compared to CON and USM groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with goats in group FT having the highest volatile fatty acids (VFA) production (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The highest propionate concentration was observed in the LPFT treatment (<i>p</i> < 0.001), followed by the FT, CON, and USM treatments. Goats offered USM and LPFT treatments presented the highest and lowest acetate: propionate values, respectively, among the experimental groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The results also showed that LPFT goats had the lowest blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level (<i>p</i> = 0.004), while FT goats presented a lower non-esterified FA (NEFA) level compared with CON and LPFT goats (<i>p</i> = 0.01). Goats offered the FT diet had the highest milk yield (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and energy-corrected milk yield (<i>p</i> < 0.001) among all dietary groups. The highest milk fat (<i>p</i> < 0.001), protein (<i>p</i> = 0.001), lactose (<i>p</i> = 0.007), total solids (<i>p</i> = 0.003), and solids-not-fat (SNF) (<i>p</i> = 0.003) contents were observed in FT goats, which didn't differ from USM goats. The inclusion of formaldehyde-treated SM increased the percentage of C18:3 (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and C20:1 (<i>p</i> = 0.04) FAs compared with USM and CON treatments. Milk from USM, FT, and LPFT goats had lower levels of saturated (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and medium-chain FAs (<i>p</i> = 0.014) compared with CON goats, whereas milk from CON goats had lower levels of unsaturated, monounsaturated, and long-chain FAs compared to other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The lowest and the highest concentrations of polyunsaturated FAs were observed in CON and LPFT goats, respectively (<i>p</i> = 0.001). It can be concluded that SBM can be advantageously replaced by formaldehyde-treated SM in the diet as a feasible alternative to improve feed intake and production performance of dairy goats.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 4","pages":"290-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10490992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different ensiling methods for <i>Saccharina latissima</i> preservation: influence on chemical composition and <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation.","authors":"Carlos Navarro Marcos,&nbsp;Trinidad de Evan Rozada,&nbsp;María Dolores Carro Travieso,&nbsp;Margarita Novoa-Garrido,&nbsp;Ying Yen,&nbsp;Julia E Fernández-Yepes,&nbsp;Eduarda Molina-Alcaide","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2241339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2241339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Saccharina latissima</i> is a brown seaweed that could be used in ruminant feeding, but its fast deteriorating and seasonal growth nature limit their utilisation in the practice. Ensiling could be used as a preservation method, but information of its effects on the nutritional value of the seaweed is limited. This study evaluated the <i>in vitro</i> ruminal fermentation of different <i>S. latissima</i> silages using ruminal inoculum either from goats fed a mixed diet (60:40 oat hay:concentrate) or from sheep fed a high-forage diet (90:10 alfalfa hay:concentrate) to simulate different small ruminant production systems. <i>S. latissima</i> was ensiled in vacuum bags without additives (Control), with formic acid (4 g/kg seaweed; FA), with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or with LAB after a pre-wilting treatment to reach a seaweed dry matter (DM) content of 30% (30LAB). Ensiling <i>S. latissima</i> decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the content in DM, neutral detergent fibre and total extractable polyphenols, but nitrogen and fat content were unaffected. For both ruminal inoculums, ensiling decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the asymptotic gas production after 120 h of fermentation (excepting for FA silage with goats' inoculum), but the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was unaffected. The VFA profile shifted towards greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) acetate and lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) propionate proportions in all silages compared with the pre-ensiling <i>S. latissima</i>. When goats inoculum was used, greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) CH₄ production compared with pre-ensiling <i>S. latissima</i> was observed in all silages, except Control one, which led to greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) CH₄/total VFA ratio. In contrast, no differences among samples (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in either CH₄ production or CH₄/total VFA ratio were observed when sheep' inoculum was used. Fermentation of all samples started earlier with goats' inoculum than with sheep' inoculum, which was attributed to the different diet fed to the animals. These results suggest that ensiling <i>S. latissima</i> with either formic acid or lactic acid bacteria could be a viable conservation method to preserve the nutritive value.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 4","pages":"308-322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10117945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amino acid digestibility of insect meals and effects on key bacterial groups in excreta of caecectomised laying hens.","authors":"Chanwit Kaewtapee, Wolfgang Siegert, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak, Sirinapa Chungopast","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219178","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chemical composition and amino acids (AA) digestibility were determined in insect meals from mealworms, crickets, black soldier fly (BSF) larvae and BSF prepupae, and soybean meal. Six caecectomised laying hens were individually housed in metabolism cages and fed either a basal diet or one of five assay diets. Diets and hens were arranged in a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 subsequent periods. In each period, the laying hens were fed their respective diet for 9 d, and excreta samples were quantitatively collected twice daily from day 5 to 8. On day 9, a sterile plastic bag was attached to the cloaca of each hen to collect excreta for microbiota analysis. The AA digestibility of the insect meals and soybean meal were calculated using a linear regression approach. Crude protein (CP) concentrations in crickets and mealworms were higher than the value in soybean meal, BSF prepupae and BSF larvae. Ether extract concentrations were high in the insect meals and low in the soybean meal. The digestibility of most essential AA in soybean meal was higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than in crickets and BSF prepupae and not different from AA digestibility in mealworms and BSF larvae (except for arginine and histidine). The gene copy number of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in excreta from hens fed with BSF prepupae was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those fed with BSF larvae, whereas the gene copy number of <i>Bacillus</i> spp. and <i>Clostridium</i> spp. in excreta from hens fed with crickets was lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than those fed with BSF larvae. In conclusion, the chemical composition and AA digestibility varied among insect meals based on insect species and life stage. The high level of AA digestibility of insect meals supports the assessment that insect meals are a suitable feed component for laying hens, but differences in AA digestibility should be considered in diet formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 4","pages":"261-274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10118923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle size and storage length affect fermentation and ruminal degradation of rehydrated corn grain silage.","authors":"Daviane Martinele Costa,&nbsp;Beatriz Ferreira Carvalho,&nbsp;Viviane Camila de Souza,&nbsp;Marcos Neves Pereira,&nbsp;Carla Luiza da Silva Ávila","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particle size and storage time are factors that can affect the fermentation quality and digestibility of rehydrated corn grain silage (RCS). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of particle size and storage time on chemical and microbiological characteristics, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of RCS. Corn grains were ground to pass through either a 3 mm (fine) or 9 mm (coarse) screen, rehydrated to 44.3% moisture and ensiled in 200 L polyethylene buckets. Samples were taken before and after ensiling at 10, 30, 90 and 200 days of storage to assess microbial counts, fermentation end products, and DM ruminal degradability. DM degradation was evaluated with incubation times of 0 (bag wash), 3, 6 and 48 h in 3 rumen-cannulated cows. The effective ruminal degradation (ERD) was calculated based on soluble fraction (A), degradable fraction (B) and passage rate (kp) defined as 7.0%/h: A + B [kd/(kd + kp)]. Aerobic stability was evaluated in silages after 200 days of storage, and pH and temperature were analysed up to 240 h of aerobic exposure. At 90 and 200 d of storage, fine RCS resulted in lower crude protein and greater NH₃-N concentrations than coarse RCS. Coarsely ground RCS had a lower temperature at the beginning of storage than finely ground corn. Finely ground RCS had greater yeast counts and ethanol concentrations than coarsely ground RCS during storage time. Fine RCS was more susceptible to aerobic deterioration, reaching maximum temperature and pH values faster than coarse RCS. DM ruminal degradability increased over the storage time. The particle size of the rehydrated corn grain silage did not affect the kd values after 90 d of storage, while for the ERD, a long fermentation time was necessary (200 d). Considering the fermentation characteristics and the kinetics of ruminal DM degradation, fine grinding is recommended for short storage periods and coarse grinding may be a strategy to increase the rate of grinding when the storage period is greater than 200 d.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 3","pages":"245-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9690210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}