Archives of Animal Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Effect of supplementation of vitamin D₃ or vitamin D₂ on serum concentrations of free and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the expression of genes involved in immune function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of weaned pigs.","authors":"Sarah M Grundmann,&nbsp;Javier Herrero-Encinas,&nbsp;Erika Most,&nbsp;Aileen M Piecha,&nbsp;Karsten Krüger,&nbsp;Klaus Eder","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2219176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to compare the effects of vitamin D₂ and vitamin D₃ supplementation on concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in plasma and the expression of genes involved in the innate immune system in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in weaned pigs. Five groups of pigs (with an initial body weight of around 9 kg) received basal diets supplemented with either 500 (control group), 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D₃/kg diet or 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D₂/kg diet for a period of 4 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation did not influence feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, apparent total tract digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, and serum concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphate and parathyroid hormone. Supplementation of vitamin D₃ led to a dose-dependent increase of the concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum. In contrast, pigs supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D₂/kg diet did not have higher concentrations of total and free 25(OH)D in serum than the control group. The ratio of free/total 25(OH)D in serum was not influenced by vitamin D₃ supplementation, whereas the group supplemented with 2000 IU vitamin D₂/kg diet had a higher free/total 25(OH)D ratio than the groups supplemented with 1000 or 2000 IU vitamin D₃/kg diet. Genes involved in vitamin D signalling (<i>CYP27B1, VDR</i>), as well as pro-inflammatory and immune regulatory genes (<i>TLR4, TNF, IL1B</i> and <i>TGFB1</i>) and genes encoding porcine protegrins (<i>NPG1, NPG4</i>), proteins belonging to the group of antimicrobial peptides, in PBMC were not different among groups supplemented with vitamin D₃ or vitamin D₂ and the control group. Therefore, the study indicates that supplementation of vitamin D₂ causes much lower levels of total 25(OH)D than supplementation of vitamin D₃ and that supplementation of vitamins D₂ or D₃ at moderate levels does not have an impact on the innate immune function in healthy pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 3","pages":"228-244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9745579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of emulsifier and xylanase in triticale-based broiler chickens diets.","authors":"Zuzanna Wiśniewska,&nbsp;Paweł Kołodziejski,&nbsp;Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek,&nbsp;Paweł Konieczka,&nbsp;Misza Kinsner,&nbsp;Paweł Górka,&nbsp;Jadwiga Flaga,&nbsp;Kinga Kowalik,&nbsp;Marcin Hejdysz,&nbsp;Marta Kubiś,&nbsp;Łukasz S Jarosz,&nbsp;Artur Ciszewski,&nbsp;Sebastian Kaczmarek","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2202591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2202591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing an emulsifier, xylanase or a combination of both on the growth performance, digestibility of nutrients, microflora activity and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens fed triticale-based diets. A total of 480 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments: control (CON), control with an added emulsifier (EMU), control with added xylanase (ENZ) and control with emulsifier and xylanase (EMU+ENZ). Xylanase supplemented groups had diminished feed intake (FI) and enhanced body weight gain (BWG) only within the starter period (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the ENZ and ENZ+EMU groups was lower than CON during the whole experiment period. There was significant ENZ and EMU interaction in apparent metabolisable energy corrected to N equilibrium (AME_N) as well as NDF and DM retention. The viscosity of ileum digesta was the lowest in groups with enzyme addition. Interactions show that caecal galactosidase-α activity was higher in the CON group compared to EMU supplementation, but similar to ENZ and EMU+ENZ (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Activity of glucosidase-α was higher in the CON group related to inclusion of EMU or ENZ alone (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but did not differ from the combined supplementation of EMU+ENZ, whereas the glucosidase-β activity was higher in the CON group compared to all supplemented diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Caecal C2 concentration was greater in the CON group than supplemented diets (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The expression of FATP1, PEPT1 and SGLT1 in the ileum was downregulated after emulsifier addition (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). The addition of emulsifier and xylanase indicates a mutual effect on broiler chickens' performance and nutrient digestibility in triticale diets with palm oil during the first nutritional period. Additionally, concomitantly additives usage influenced intestinal microbiome activity, as well.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 3","pages":"187-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9682766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase 1 is involved in mTOR-mediated pancreatic exocrine function of bovine pancreatic acinar cells with leucine supply.","authors":"Tong Tong Xie,&nbsp;Huibin Tian,&nbsp;Rui Fang Du,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Long Guo","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2199839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2199839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leucine improves the exocrine capacity of the cow pancreas, but the mechanism was not revealed clearly. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase 1 (MNK1) is a pancreatic acinar cell-specific stress response kinase that regulates digestive enzyme abundance. We aimed to investigate the MNK1 gene and protein expression profiles among various organs or tissues of dairy cows and to demonstrate the mechanism by which leucine-stimulated MNK1 regulates pancreatic exocrine function. Firstly, the expression profiles of MNK1 protein and gene in the tissues and organs of dairy cows were measured using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR methods. Next, an <i>in vitro</i> model of cultured Holstein dairy calf pancreatic acinar cells was used to detect the role of MNK1 during pancreatic enzymes release which is stimulated by leucine. Cells were incubated in culture medium containing L-leucine (0.45 mM) for 180 min, and samples were collected hourly, with the control not containing L-leucine (0 mM). MNK1 was expressed at very high levels in the pancreatic tissue of dairy cows. Leucine supplementation increased the α-amylase level but not lipase level at three time-points (60, 120, and 180 min), and the interaction between treatments and times was significant only for α-amylase. Leucine treatment enhanced (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the phosphorylation of MNK1 and eIF4E. In addition, inhibition of MNK1 decreased leucine-mediated α-amylase and lipase release (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and the phosphorylation of Mnk1 and eIF4E but did not affect (<i>P</i> > 0.05) the phosphorylation of the mTOR signalling pathway factors 4EBP1 and S6K1. In summary, MNK1 is a key regulator of pancreatic exocrine function, which is regulated by leucine in the pancreas of dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 2","pages":"155-169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9666596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peat and disinfectant powder used in swine husbandry systems - quantification of oral intake using toxic metals as potential markers.","authors":"Felicitas Koch,&nbsp;Janine Kowalczyk,&nbsp;Hans Mielke,&nbsp;Hans Schenkel,&nbsp;Roman Schmidt,&nbsp;Alexander Roloff,&nbsp;Martin Bachmann,&nbsp;Annette Zeyner,&nbsp;Robert Pieper","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2175537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2175537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of enrichment and bedding materials in pig husbandry intends to comply with the animals' behavioural needs to perform natural exploratory behaviour, which is strongly connected to foraging behaviour. It can thus be assumed that pigs will ingest a certain material quantity possibly posing a risk to animal health and food safety as previous studies identified contaminants in enrichment and bedding materials. However, risk assessment requires knowledge about the effective amount of ingested material. Voluntary material intake of pigs with free access to peat and disinfectant powder was estimated by measuring the tissue levels of toxic metals originating from the respective materials in 28 pigs (seven groups, <i>n</i> = 4) via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and comparing the results to tissue levels of pigs fed with known amounts of metals. Additionally, as markers of consumption, <i>n</i>-alkanes and acid insoluble ash naturally occurring in the materials and titanium dioxide, added as an external marker to disinfectant powder, were analysed in pigs' faeces. Tissue levels of toxic metals as well as marker analyses in pigs' faeces could prove material consumption. Results revealed mean voluntary intake levels of peat and disinfectant powder by pigs up to 7% and 2% of the daily ration. Hence, a transfer of contained toxic metals into the food chain might occur. Although current maximum levels for toxic elements in animal tissues were not exceeded due to dietary inclusion of peat or disinfectant powder, dietary exposure through food of animal origin should be reduced to a possible minimum. This applies specifically for elements, where no health-based guidance values for humans could have been derived (e.g. arsenic). Thus, labelling guidelines for enrichment and bedding materials can be a perspective to limit the entry of toxic metals and trace elements into the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 2","pages":"93-109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9979698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacement of soybean oil by <i>Hermetia illucens</i> larvae fat in broiler diets alters the breast muscle lipidome and reduces lipid oxidation of the breast muscle during heat-processing.","authors":"Lea Schäfer,&nbsp;Sarah M Grundmann,&nbsp;Silvia Friedrichs,&nbsp;Dieter Lütjohann,&nbsp;Marcus Höring,&nbsp;Gerhard Liebisch,&nbsp;Erika Most,&nbsp;Robert Ringseis,&nbsp;Klaus Eder","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2190297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2190297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Replacement of soybean oil by insect fat from <i>Hermetia illucens</i> (HI) has been reported to increase the proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and decrease those of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in total lipids of breast and thigh meat in broilers. Since the susceptibility of meat to oxidation is strongly dependent on its PUFA content, the present study hypothesised that replacement of soybean oil by HI larvae fat in broiler diets reduces the formation of lipid oxidation products, including oxidation products of cholesterol and phytosterols, in heat-processed breast muscle of broilers. To test this hypothesis, 100 male, 1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were assigned to three groups and fed three different nutrient adequate diets, which varied only in the fat source (group HI-0: 0% HI larvae fat and 5% soybean oil; group HI-2.5: 2.5% HI larvae fat and 2.5% soybean oil; group HI-5.0: 5.0% HI larvae fat and 0% soybean oil), in a three-phase feeding system for 35 days. While the growth performance of the broilers was not different, the absolute and relative breast muscle weights were higher in group HI-5.0 than in group HI-0 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The proportions of C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C16:0, C16:1 and total SFA were higher and those of C18:1, C18:2 <i>n</i>-6, C18:3 <i>n</i>-3 and total PUFA were lower in breast muscle total lipids of group HI-5.0 than in groups HI-2.5 and HI-0 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Lipidomic analysis of breast muscle revealed that the concentration of triacylglycerols was 46% and 53% lower in groups HI-2.5 and HI-5.0, respectively, than in group HI-0 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas all other lipid classes detected did not differ among groups. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol and total cholesterol oxidation products in heat-processed breast muscle were lower in group HI-5.0 than in group HI-0 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Concentrations of oxidation products of phytosterols in heat-processed breast muscle were generally much lower than those of cholesterol oxidation products and did not differ between the three groups of broilers. In conclusion, complete replacement of soybean oil with HI larvae fat in broiler diets strongly alters the fatty acid composition of breast muscle total lipids and reduce lipid oxidation of the breast muscle during heat-processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 2","pages":"121-140"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9961804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Macleaya cordata</i> extract supplementation on digestive parameters of ponies.","authors":"Julia Rizzo de Medeiros Ferreira,&nbsp;André Eduardo Mello Cerbaro,&nbsp;Filipe Lima Bastos,&nbsp;Raphaella Arantes Pereira,&nbsp;Monique Alves Duarte,&nbsp;Ângelo Mateus Campos Araújo Júnior,&nbsp;Alisson Herculano da Silva,&nbsp;Alexandre Augusto de Oliveira Gobesso","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2187198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2187198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High amounts of grains in the equine diet led to high starch intake, causing gut alterations. Aimed at reducing harmful effects, <i>Macleaya cordata</i> extract (MCE) is a phytogenic additive that stands out for its antibiotic and anti-inflammatory effects proven in different species. However, there is no useful information for horses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of the inclusion of commercial MCE on body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), total apparent digestibility (AD) of nutrients, faecal pH and fermentative products, on ponies fed a high-starch diet. Eight healthy gelding Mini Horse ponies were used. The study design was contemporary double Latin-square 4 × 4 in the experimental unit, with the animal inside each experimental period (<i>n</i> = 8 experimental units per group). The experiment was conducted over four 20-d periods. Basal diet attended 1.75% BW dry matter daily and starch intake was 2.2 g/kg BW/meal. The experimental groups were as follows: control - without food additive; S1-1 mg/kg BW MCE; S1.5-1.5 mg/kg BW MCE and S2-2 mg/kg BW MCE. The data were analysed by PROC MIXED of SAS (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Tendency was considered when 0.05 <u><</u> <i>p</i> < 0.1. Our results showed higher ether extract (EE) AD for S2 group (63.75%) when compared with the control (54.55%) (<i>p</i> = 0.0377). Lactate was lower (<i>p</i> = 0.0391) in S1 (3.27 mmol/l) and S2 (3.24 mmol/l) groups, although pH was not different between groups. Iso-valerate was greater in S1 group (2.29 mmol/l; <i>p</i> = 0.0289), and a tendency of higher butyrate values was found for S1 and S2 groups (<i>p</i> = 0.0980). We concluded that MCE supplementation probably positively influences equine resident microbiota, improving EE AD and increasing iso-valerate concentration. It can also minimise harmful high-starch impact. We recommend further studies using MCE in horses for a better understanding of its local activity and possible benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 2","pages":"110-120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9960310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary glutathione supplementation attenuates oxidative stress and improves intestinal barrier in diquat-treated weaned piglets.","authors":"Chan Liang,&nbsp;Yanlin Ren,&nbsp;Gang Tian,&nbsp;Jun He,&nbsp;Ping Zheng,&nbsp;Xiangbing Mao,&nbsp;Jie Yu,&nbsp;Bing Yu","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2199806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2199806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glutathione (GSH) against oxidative stress and intestinal barrier disruption caused by diquat (an oxidative stress inducer) in weaned piglets. Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned to four treatments with six pigs per treatment for an 18-d trial. Treatments were basal diet, basal diet + diquat challenge, 50 mg/kg GSH diets + diquat challenge and 100 mg/kg GSH diets + diquat challenge. On day 15, piglets in basal diet group and diquat-challenged groups were intraperitoneally injected with sterile saline and diquat at 10 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The results showed that GSH supplementation improved growth performance of diquat-injected piglets from days 15 to 18 (<i>p </i>< 0.05), especially at a dose of 100 mg/kg GSH. Meanwhile, diquat also caused oxidative stress and intestinal barrier damage in piglets. However, GSH supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity of serum and jejunum, as evidenced by the increase in GSH content and total superoxide dismutase activities and the decrease in 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). GSH also up-regulated the mRNA expressions of intestinal tight junction protein (zonula occludens 1, ZO1; occludin, OCLN; claudin-1, CLDN1) and mitochondrial biogenesis and function (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha, PGC1α; mitochondrial transcription factor A, TFAM; cytochrome c, CYCS), compared with diquat-challenged piglets in basal diet (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Thus, the study demonstrates that GSH protects piglets from oxidative stress caused by diquat and 100 mg/kg GSH has a better protective role.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 2","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addition of chromium propionate in dog food: metabolic, immunological, and oxidative effects.","authors":"Matheus H Farret,&nbsp;Emerson Zatti,&nbsp;Bianca F Bissacotti,&nbsp;Priscila M Copetti,&nbsp;Maria Rosa C Schetinger,&nbsp;Maiara Petri Vilvert,&nbsp;Aleksandro Schafer da Silva","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2165872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2165872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromium is a trace element essential in metabolising carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins and is involved in other biological functions. Therefore, this study determined whether chromium propionate supplementation in dogs improves haematologic, metabolic, immune/inflammatory, and antioxidant biomarkers. A commercial product (Labex® Chromium) containing 0.4% chromium was used at 500 g/ton of food, which provided an additional calculated amount of 2 mg of chromium per kg of food. We used ten beagles divided into two treatments: the chromium group (supplemented with 0.380 mg of chromium/dog/day; T-CHR) and the control group comprised dogs fed a basal diet (no chromium supplementation). The experiment included two periods of 28 days, with an interval of 15 days, i.e. the dogs in the control group in the first period were in the chromium group in the second period (all dogs underwent all treatments in a crossover design). Dogs supplemented with chromium had higher serum mineral levels on days 14 and 28 (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). The group in the chromium group showed significantly higher numbers of total leukocytes and lymphocytes and concentrations of total protein, globulin, thio-proteins, and catalase activity in blood than the control group. Serum urea concentrations and TBARS (lipid peroxidation) were lower (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05) in the chromium group. Tendencies towards lower concentrations of reactive oxygen species were observed on day 28 in the T-CHR group (<i>P</i> = 0.10). Chromium supplementation increased the concentration of cytokines in serum (tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], IFN-γ, and IL-10) and C-reactive protein (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). Dogs in the chromium group had higher gamma globulin concentrations than controls (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). These findings suggest that supplementation with chromium propionate (2 mg/kg) in food positivity modulates metabolic, antioxidant, and immune indicators in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9713848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary zinc chloride hydroxide and zinc methionine on the immune system and blood profile of healthy adult horses and ponies.","authors":"Sarah van Bömmel-Wegmann,&nbsp;Jürgen Zentek,&nbsp;Heidrun Gehlen,&nbsp;Ann-Kristin Barton,&nbsp;Nadine Paßlack","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2168993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2168993","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of dietary zinc on the immune function of equines have not been evaluated in detail so far. In the present study, eight healthy adult ponies and two healthy adult horses were fed a diet supplemented with either zinc chloride hydroxide or zinc methionine in six feeding periods of four weeks each (according to maintenance zinc requirement, 120 mg zinc/kg dry matter, and 240 mg zinc/kg dry matter, for both dietary zinc supplements, respectively). All animals received the six diets, with increasing amounts of zinc chloride hydroxide in the feeding periods 1-3, and with increasing amounts of zinc methionine in the feeding periods 4-6. At the end of each feeding period, blood samples were collected for a blood profile and the measurement of selected immune variables. Increasing dietary zinc chloride hydroxide doses increased the glutathione concentrations in the erythrocyte concentrate and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the erythrocyte lysate, decreased the numbers of total leukocytes and granulocytes in the blood, and also decreased the interleukin-2 concentrations in the plasma of the animals. The dietary supplementation of increasing doses of zinc methionine enhanced the mitogen-stimulated proliferative activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and decreased the glutathione concentrations in the erythrocyte concentrate and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the plasma of the animals. The percentage of blood monocytes with oxidative burst after <i>in vitro</i> stimulation with <i>E. coli</i> decreased with increasing dietary zinc concentrations, independently of the zinc compound used. The blood profile demonstrated effects of the zinc supplements on the red blood cells and the bilirubin metabolism of the horses and ponies, which require further investigation. Overall, high doses of dietary zinc modulate the equine immune system, for the most part also depending on the zinc compound used.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 1","pages":"17-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9398205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyunsaturated fatty acids and rumen undegradable protein alter ruminal fermentation and milk fatty acid profiles in dairy cows.","authors":"Lam Phuoc Thanh,&nbsp;Wisitiporn Suksombat,&nbsp;Juan J Loor,&nbsp;Tran Thi Thuy Hang","doi":"10.1080/1745039X.2023.2176150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1745039X.2023.2176150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study evaluated the effects of incorporating polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)- and rumen undegradable protein (RUP)-enriched feeds on ruminal fermentation, methane production, milk yield and milk FA profiles in dairy cows. Experiment 1 was carried out on 12 multiparous HF dairy cows in mid-lactation (106 ± 18.6 days in milk, 13.1 ± 1.67 kg/d of milk). Environmental conditions throughout the experiment were 34.5 ± 1.9 8°C, 58.0 ± 2.65% relative humidity and 85.7 ± 2.71 temperature-humidity index. Cows (<i>n</i> = 6/group) were randomly allocated to a control diet (Ctrl) consisting of corn silage and concentrate (F:C 60:40) containing 27.2% RUP in the crude protein (CP) or a treatment diet (Trt) consisting of 58.3% corn silage, 29.6% concentrate, 3.24% roasted soybean meal, 5.82% corn dried distiller grains with solubles and 3% added oil, which contained linseed, sunflower and tuna crude oil (1:1:1, wt/wt). The Trt diet contained 35.0% RUP in the CP. Experiment 2 was conducted <i>in vitro</i> using ruminal fluid collected from three Holstein Friesian dairy cows. The experimental design and diets were the same as in Exp. 1. Dry matter intake (DMI) tended to be lower (<i>P</i> = 0.06) in the Trt group. No difference in milk yield was detected, but the lower (<i>P</i> < 0.01) milk fat was measured in the Trt group (2.82% vs. 3.81%). Feed efficiency (milk/DMI) tended to be greater (<i>P</i> = 0.06) in the Trt cows (1.08 vs. 0.88). Lower 18:0 (5.73% vs. 8.29%), but greater concentrations of <i>c</i>9,<i>t</i>11 CLA (1.88% vs. 0.34%), <i>c</i>9,<i>c</i>12 18:2 (1.55% and 0.69%) 18:3n-3 (0.30% vs. 0.12%) and 22:6n-3 (0.17% vs. 0%) were detected in milk fat of cows fed Trt (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Atherogenicity and thrombogenic indices were lower (<i>P</i> < 0.01) with Trt. Concentrations of ruminal total volatile fatty acids and methane, which was assessed by production of volatile fatty acids, were 10.2% and 11.7% lower <i>P</i> < 0.01) in the Trt group. In conclusion, incorporating PUFA- and RUP-high feeds in lactating cow diets in the tropics causes a reduction in concentrations of ruminal VFA, methane production and milk fat while improving aspects of milk quality without affecting milk production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8157,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Animal Nutrition","volume":"77 1","pages":"58-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9697709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}