Archives of environmental health最新文献_第6页

Blood lead survey of children, pregnant women, professional drivers, street workers, and office workers in Trujillo, Peru. 秘鲁特鲁希略市儿童、孕妇、职业司机、街头工作者和办公室职员血铅调查。

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.3200/AEOH.59.7.359-362

Luke P Naeher, Manuel Aguilar-Villalobos, Todd Miller

{"title":"Blood lead survey of children, pregnant women, professional drivers, street workers, and office workers in Trujillo, Peru.","authors":"Luke P Naeher, Manuel Aguilar-Villalobos, Todd Miller","doi":"10.3200/AEOH.59.7.359-362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/AEOH.59.7.359-362","url":null,"abstract":"In this pilot study, conducted in summer 2002, the authors measured blood lead levels (BLLs) for 118 subjects in the city of Trujillo, Peru, where leaded gasoline is in the process of being phased out. Subjects included bus drivers, combi (minivan) drivers, street vendors, newspaper vendors, traffic police, taxi drivers, gas station attendants, children living both near and distant from gas stations, pregnant women, and office workers (controls). The highest BLLs were 9.2 microg/dl and 9.3 microg/dl from a child who lived near a gas station and from a traffic policeman, respectively; however, all BLLs were below the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's advisory level of concern (10 microg/dl). Office workers (n = 8) and pregnant women (n = 36) had significantly lower BLLs (geometric mean +/- standard deviation = 2.1 +/- 0.7 microg/dl, p < 0.022; and 2.5 +/- 1.1 microg/dl, p < 0.008, respectively) than total traffic-exposed workers (n = 48; 3.2 +/- 1.8 microg/dl). BLLs of children living near gas stations (n = 17; 3.7 +/- 2.2 microg/dl) were marginally higher (p = 0.07) than for children not living near gas stations (n = 9; 2.9 +/- 1.1 microg/dl). The study was limited by small sample size and the fact that the data were based on a convenience sample not fully representative of the cohorts studied. Nevertheless, the authors' findings suggest that leaded gasoline use in Trujillo continues to affect BLLs in traffic-exposed populations.","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 7","pages":"359-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/AEOH.59.7.359-362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25671119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Effects of particulate air pollution on the respiratory health of subjects who live in three areas in Kanpur, India. 空气微粒污染对居住在印度坎普尔三个地区的受试者呼吸健康的影响。

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-07-01 DOI: 10.3200/AEOH.59.7.348-358

Mukesh Sharma, V Narendra Kumar, Subodh K Katiyar, Richa Sharma, Bhanu P Shukla, Babu Sengupta

{"title":"Effects of particulate air pollution on the respiratory health of subjects who live in three areas in Kanpur, India.","authors":"Mukesh Sharma, V Narendra Kumar, Subodh K Katiyar, Richa Sharma, Bhanu P Shukla, Babu Sengupta","doi":"10.3200/AEOH.59.7.348-358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/AEOH.59.7.348-358","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the authors assessed the relationship between daily changes in respiratory health and particulate levels with diameters of (a) less than 10 microm (PM10) and (b) less than 2.5 microm (PM2.5) in Kanpur, India. The subjects (N = 91) were recruited from 3 areas in Kanpur: (1) Indian Institute of Technology (Kanpur), which was a relatively clean area; (b) Vikas Nagar, a typical commercial area; and (c) finally, the residential area of Juhilal Colony. All subjects resided near to air quality monitoring sites. Air quality and peak expiratory flow rate samplings were conducted for 39 d. Once during the sampling period, lung-function tests (i.e., forced expiratory volume in 1 s, forced vital capacity) were performed on each subject. Subjects who resided at the clean site performed at predicted (i.e., acceptable) values more often than did subjects who lived at the remaining 2 sites. Subjects who lived at all 3 sites demonstrated a substantial average deficit in baseline forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s values. The authors used a statistical model to estimate that an increase of 100 microg/m3 of the pollutant PM10 could reduce the mean peak expiratory flow rate of an individual by approximately 3.2 l/min.","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 7","pages":"348-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/AEOH.59.7.348-358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25671118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Effects of onboard insecticide use on airline flight attendants. 机上使用杀虫剂对航空公司空乘人员的影响。

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-06-01

Kaye H Kilburn

{"title":"Effects of onboard insecticide use on airline flight attendants.","authors":"Kaye H Kilburn","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Flight attendants (FAs) exposed to insecticide spray in an aircraft were compared with unexposed subjects for neurobehavioral function, pulmonary function, mood states, and symptoms. The 33 symptomatic FAs were self-selected, and 5 had retired for disability. Testing procedures included balance, reaction time, color discrimination, visual fields, grip strength, verbal recall, problem solving, attention and discrimination functions, and long-term memory functions. Measurements were expressed as a percentage of their predicted values (derived from unexposed controls), and the author compared the means of the percentage predicted values by analysis of variance. Symptom frequencies and Profile of Mood States (POMS) scores were assessed. FAs were significantly more impaired than controls with respect to balance with eyes closed, grip strength, and color discrimination. Nearly half had 3 or more abnormal neurobehavioral functions, after adjustment was made for age, sex, and education level. Neither elevated POMS scores nor frequencies of average symptoms correlated with their numbers of abnormal measurements. Occupational exposure to synthetic pyrethrin insecticides on airliners was associated with neurobehavioral impairment and disability retirement.","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 6","pages":"284-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25647197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A national population study of the prevalence of multiple chemical sensitivity. 一项关于多种化学物质敏感性流行率的全国人口研究。

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.3200/aeoh.58.6.300-305

Stanley M Caress, Anne C Steinemann

引用次数: 73

Detection of trichothecene mycotoxins in sera from individuals exposed to Stachybotrys chartarum in indoor environments. 室内环境中接触沙氏葡萄球菌个体血清中霉菌毒素的检测。

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.3200/aeoh.58.6.317-323

Trevor L Brasel, Andrew W Campbell, Roger E Demers, Bruce S Ferguson, Jordan Fink, Aristo Vojdani, Stephen C Wilson, David C Straus

{"title":"Detection of trichothecene mycotoxins in sera from individuals exposed to Stachybotrys chartarum in indoor environments.","authors":"Trevor L Brasel, Andrew W Campbell, Roger E Demers, Bruce S Ferguson, Jordan Fink, Aristo Vojdani, Stephen C Wilson, David C Straus","doi":"10.3200/aeoh.58.6.317-323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/aeoh.58.6.317-323","url":null,"abstract":"To date, no study has effectively demonstrated a direct human exposure to mycotoxins in mold-contaminated buildings. Therefore, the authors investigated the presence of trichothecene mycotoxins in sera from individuals exposed to indoor molds (specifically Stachybotrys chartarum). Sera from occupants of contaminated (test samples, n=44) and uncontaminated (control samples, n=26) buildings were analyzed using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) highly specific for macrocyclic trichothecenes. Twenty-three samples were significantly different (p < 0.05) from normal human serum tested in the same manner, whereas only 1 of the control samples tested positive. Mass spectrometry analysis could not confirm the presence of intact S. chartarum macrocyclic trichothecenes. The authors hypothesize that this result was caused by uncharacterized ELISA-reactive metabolic breakdown products. Data from this study suggest that trichothecene mycotoxins can be demonstrated in the tissues of certain individuals exposed to S. chartarum in contaminated buildings.","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 6","pages":"317-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/aeoh.58.6.317-323","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25647203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Diisocyanates and nonoccupational disease: a review. 二异氰酸酯与非职业疾病:综述。

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-06-01

Cheryl A Krone

引用次数: 0

Limitations of interview-based risk assessment of RF exposure from appliances. 基于访谈的器具射频暴露风险评估的局限性。

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.3200/aeoh.58.6.292-299

Thomas Behrens, Claudia Terschüren, Wolfgang Hoffmann

{"title":"Limitations of interview-based risk assessment of RF exposure from appliances.","authors":"Thomas Behrens, Claudia Terschüren, Wolfgang Hoffmann","doi":"10.3200/aeoh.58.6.292-299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/aeoh.58.6.292-299","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to assess the quality of interview-based exposure estimates obtained in a large epidemiologic case-control study: The Northern Germany Leukemia and Lymphoma Study (1997-2002) (NLL). The NLL used standardized, face-to-face, computer-assisted interviews to record subjects' lifetime use of radiofrequency (RF)-emitting appliances such as cellular telephones, cordless telephones, baby monitors, and television headphones. Exposure assessment comprised 3 levels of precision: ever use, gross vs. net appliance-years, and lifetime cumulative exposure hours. In the current study, the authors analyzed data from 3041 interviews of NLL controls, representing an age-stratified random sample of the general populations of 6 counties in Northern Germany. Weighted kappa coefficients for gross vs. net appliance-years for men were 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46, 0.71) for baby monitors and 0.98 (95% CI = 0.97, 0.99) for cordless phones; for women, the coefficients were 0.68 (95% CI = 0.56, 0.79) and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.94, 0.98), respectively. Weighted kappa values were considerably lower when net appliance-years and lifetime cumulative exposure hours were compared. Study results demonstrated that interview information on use of RF-emitting appliances, when measured at different levels of precision, can result in misclassification and biased risk estimates.","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 6","pages":"292-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/aeoh.58.6.292-299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25647199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.3200/AEOH.59.6.324-330

Xiaodong Wang, Jun Tian

引用次数: 21

Urine analysis for the evaluation of environmental exposures to aromatic hydrocarbons. 评价环境暴露于芳香烃的尿液分析。

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-05-01 DOI: 10.3200/AEOH.59.5.237-244

Ljiljana Skender, Irena Brcić, Visnja Karacić

{"title":"Urine analysis for the evaluation of environmental exposures to aromatic hydrocarbons.","authors":"Ljiljana Skender, Irena Brcić, Visnja Karacić","doi":"10.3200/AEOH.59.5.237-244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/AEOH.59.5.237-244","url":null,"abstract":"The authors have developed a dynamic headspace (purge-and-trap) gas chromatographic method, with photoionization detection, for the determination of benzene (C6H6), toluene (C7H8), ethylbenzene (C8H10), and isomeric (o-, m-, p-) xylenes (C8H10) (BTEX) in urine. Detection limits ranged between 15 and 35 ng/l, relative standard deviations between 0.2 and 10%, and accuracy between 80 and 100%. The primary objective of this study was to use this new method to establish baseline concentration data for BTEX in the urine of the general population of Zagreb, Croatia. A second objective was to evaluate the effect of cigarette smoking on those baseline values. BTEX were analyzed in the urine of 72 subjects (36 nonsmokers and 36 smokers) without occupational exposure to BTEX. The nonsmokers had measurable BTEX in their urine, except for ethylbenzene in 13 and o-xylene in 15 of the samples. Values for BTEX were markedly higher among smokers than nonsmokers. Because the sources of BTEX exposure are commonly derived (i.e., vehicle exhausts and smoking), their values in subjects' urine were significantly intercorrelated. Levels of toluene and o-xylene were correlated significantly with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. The use of purge-and-trap gas chromatography with photoionization detection to determine BTEX in urine offers a convenient approach for biological monitoring of the general population. Study data provide referent values for BTEX in urine, which can be used as biomarkers for environmental exposures. Smoking contributes significantly to the urinary concentration of BTEX.","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 5","pages":"237-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/AEOH.59.5.237-244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25615574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Cross-reactivity of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys antigens using affinity-purified antibodies and immunoassay. 使用亲和纯化抗体和免疫分析法研究曲霉、青霉和葡萄球菌抗原的交叉反应性。

Archives of environmental health Pub Date : 2004-05-01 DOI: 10.3200/AEOH.59.5.256-265

Aristo Vojdani

{"title":"Cross-reactivity of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Stachybotrys antigens using affinity-purified antibodies and immunoassay.","authors":"Aristo Vojdani","doi":"10.3200/AEOH.59.5.256-265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/AEOH.59.5.256-265","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the author examined the cross-reactivities of Stachybotrys chartarum, Aspergillus niger/fumigatus, and Penicillium notatum with affinity-purified rabbit sera. The molds were grown for expression of maximum numbers of antigens, after which they were extracted and mixed with commercially available extracts. The mixture was used for antibody preparation in rabbits, measurement of antibody levels, and for the demonstration of the degree of cross-reactivity. Control rabbits were injected with saline, yet they produced significant levels of immunoglobulin G antibodies against all mold extracts tested. The author interpreted this result to mean that sera obtained from rabbits immunized with pure mold extracts likely reflected cross-reactivity with other molds. Therefore, only affinity-purified antibodies and the most sensitive immunoassay technique (i.e., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) were used for the cross-inhibition studies. The antigenic cross-reactivities were as follows: (a) between Aspergillus and Penicillium, 19.6-21.0%; (b) between Stachybotrys and Aspergillus, 8.2-8.7%; and (c) between Stachybotrys and Penicillium, 7.0-9.6%. The findings of this study demonstrate that cross-reactivity studies between different molds require the use of affinity-purified antibodies and a sensitive and quantitative assay with untreated antigens. With the use of such an assay, it was determined that the cross-reactivity between Stachybotrys, Aspergillus, and Penicillium was at approximately 10%, which is less widespread than previously believed.","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 5","pages":"256-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/AEOH.59.5.256-265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25616039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14