Archives of environmental health最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of residential exposure to intermediate frequency magnetic fields.","authors":"Yoshika Kurokawa,&nbsp;Hiroshi Nitta,&nbsp;Michinori Kabuto","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors measured the exposure to intermediate-frequency (IF: 10 kHz to 30 MHz) electromagnetic fields (EMF) in residential environments. They developed a system to acquire and record waveforms of IF magnetic fields (MFs) and set 5 nanotesla (nT) for the trigger level of acquisition. They operated the system near power lines, railroads, and electrical appliances as possible sources of IF-MFs. Most of the maximum values of magnetic flux density and the time derivative for each wave were below the upper limit of the measurable range of our system (i.e., 53 nT and 10 T/s); these values were much lower than the minimum amplitudes that can theoretically induce heating or membrane excitation within biological systems. Moreover, the amplitudes of the IF-MFs were not related to those of extremely low frequency (ELF) MF measured simultaneously, indicating that IF-MFs do not underlie the associations, observed in several epidemiological studies, between residential exposure to ELF-EMF and childhood cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"693-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26101726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What constitutes good science in environmental and occupational health?","authors":"Tee L Guidotti","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602946","url":null,"abstract":"In the last issue, I addressed the role of beliefs and suppositions in (mostly) environmental health sciences. In this issue, I explore what constitutes good science in general and in the sciences of environmental and occupational health. I do this in preparation for a major change in the editorial philosophy of this journal and as guidance for future submissions. This journal is now being taken in a new editorial direction. Archives of Environmental Health will change with the next issue. The visible manifestation of this change will be a change in name to Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, which is intended to signal a transition in editorial management and philosophy. It is also intended to return occupational health to a position of prominence in the journal. Occupational health was the original emphasis of this journal when it was founded in the 1940s. However, the changes go deeper than the name. The peer-review process has been strengthened and the standards for scientific evaluation will return to a world standard and reflect the historical tradition of this venerable journal. The next issue will mark a transition to a new and, one hopes, increasingly valuable publication. Before making this transition, however, it i s useful to reflect on the editorial board’s expectations. What constitutes good science in environmental and occupational health? The short answer is the same qualities that make for good science in general. However, how these qualities are manifest depends on the subject matter, how readily experimental or quasi-experimental design may be imposed, and the tools available for investigation. Environmental and occupational health consists of (or, more correctly, i s artificially divided into) many subfields, including environmental epidemiology, exposure assessment, occupational epidemiology, occupational hygiene, toxicology, environmental genetics and toxicogenomics, ecotoxicology, ergonomics, demographic studies of the workforce and critical industries, environmental justice studies, environmental health policy, occupational health policy, immunology applied to issues relevant to this field, physiology, studies of psychogenic stress, ecosystem and human health, risk science (which is itself a cluster of disciplines), and all the various disciplines and subdisciplines involved in monitoring and understanding media quality. Do these fields, and others not named here, some of which have no name, have anything in common that would lead us to formulate criteria for recognizing good science? It is probably easier to recognize “junk science” than to establish criteria for good science. The reason is that good science is open-minded and good and creative scientists entertain any number of ideas that they later discard or disprove. A habit of mind of excellent scientists seems to be to consider numerous ideas, some of them wildly implausible, before settling on the ones that pan out. At the same time, excellent scientis","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"625-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26099570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risks of term low-birth-weight infants in a petrochemical industrial city with high air pollution levels.","authors":"Chih-Ming Lin,&nbsp;Chung-Yi Li,&nbsp;I-Fang Mao","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602951","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the influence of petrochemical air pollution on birth weight. Birth data on 92,288 singleton infants with gestational periods of 37-44 wk born in a petrochemical industrial city (Kaohsiung, n = 31,530) with severe pollution or a nonpetrochemical industrial city (Taipei, n = 60,758) in Taiwan between 1995 and 1997 were included in this analysis. Air pollutant concentration derived from routinely monitored data showed significantly higher concentrations of SO2, O3, and PM10 in Kaohsiung. Infants with low birth weight (LBW) were significantly more prevalent in Kaohsiung (2.4%) than in Taipei (2.1%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for gestation age, gender, birth order, season of birth, maternal age, and maternal education further suggested that LBW risk in Kaohsiung was 13% higher than that in Taipei (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95%, confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.24).</p>","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"663-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26100079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and reduction of hypertension and oxidative stress among detergent industry workers.","authors":"Massod M A Boojar,&nbsp;Faranak Goodarzi,&nbsp;Manochehr M A Boojar","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertension status and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in 291 workers (hypertensive workers were divided into three grades, non-equivalently) at two detergent production plants, one of which included enzymes in the detergent (n=138) and another which did not (n=153), and 45 control workers in another industry three times (at the time of employment, 7 yrs later at the time of installation of a filter system, and about 3 yrs later). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, antioxidant enzymes and lipid status by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, trace elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and blood pressure using an oscilometric device. Prior to filter system installation, enzyme-exposed workers had significantly higher MDA, antioxidant enzyme activities, and prevalence of hypertension, compared with controls. The filter system reduced airborne detergent and enzyme dusts, resulting in a decreased prevalence of hypertension and a significant improvement in workers' oxidative stress indicators. Alterations in antioxidant status may result from the cumulative effect of high levels of detergent and enzyme in airborne dust in the workplace.</p>","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"700-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602956","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26101727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of environmental exposure to asbestos (tremolite) and mesothelioma risks in the southeastern region of Turkey.","authors":"Abdurrahman Senyigit,&nbsp;Abdurrahman Dalgic,&nbsp;Orhan Kavak,&nbsp;Abdullah Cetin Tanrikulu","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the authors examined the concentrations and mineralogical analyses of asbestos, and investigated mesothelioma risk in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. They used a gravimetric dust sampler to collect samples from 2 villages and 2 asbestos mines (1 active). Samples were then evaluated by an X-ray diffractometer and an electron microscope. The authors found high concentrations of asbestos in an active mine (4.9 fibers[f]/cm3) and at a house that was plastered with asbestos (1.24 f/cm3) and had a very active population. They found a low concentration (0.0042 f/cm3) in indoor measurements taken in Armutova village, and an even lower concentration (0.000081 f/cm3) in the inactive mine environment. Outdoor measurements included a low concentration of 0.007 f/cm3 in the village environment, and a high concentration of 1.17 f/cm3 on the mine road during the passing of a sheep herd. The people in the region are continuously exposed to asbestos during normal activities. This cumulative exposure to asbestos carries sufficient risks for mesothelioma development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"658-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26099574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of urinary trace elements (arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, lead, zinc, selenium) in patients with Blackfoot disease.","authors":"Jin-Lian Tsai,&nbsp;Pin-Hua Horng,&nbsp;Tzung-Jeng Hwang,&nbsp;John W Hsu,&nbsp;Ching-Jyi Horng","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To determine the relationship of arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, lead, zinc and selenium to Blackfoot disease (BFD, a peripheral vascular disorder endemic to areas of Taiwan, which has been linked to arsenic in drinking water) the authors measured the amount of these substances in urine from BFD patients, using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results indicate significantly higher amounts of urinary arsenic, copper, cadmium, manganese, and lead for BFD patients than for normal controls, also significantly lower urinary zinc and selenium.</p>","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"686-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26101725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical assessment of the health effects of short leisure trips.","authors":"Masahiro Toda,&nbsp;Hiroaki Makino,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Kobayashi,&nbsp;Shingo Nagasawa,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Kitamura,&nbsp;Kanehisa Morimoto","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using responses to questionnaires and results of saliva samples from 40 women, the authors assessed the effects on health of participation in a short leisure trip (2 nights, 3 d) to Kyushu Island in Japan. They addressed transportation, sightseeing, and group activities during the tour, which might differ from participants' usual activities. Levels of the salivary endocrinological stress markers cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In each of the groups with characteristics considered healthy and related to lifestyle, patterns of behavior, perceived stressors, and stress reactions, a decrease in the cortisol levels and an increase in the CgA levels were apparent during the tour. The baseline for stress hormone changes was the levels on awakening on Day 1 (i.e., immediately before the tour). These findings suggest that even short periods of travel can bring about a reduction in di-stress and acquisition of eu-stress, experienced as feeling uplifted or fulfilled.</p>","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"717-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602958","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26101729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of clean indoor air ordinances in controlling environmental tobacco smoke in restaurants.","authors":"Farhang Akbar-Khanzadeh,&nbsp;Sheryl Milz,&nbsp;April Ames,&nbsp;Sara Spino,&nbsp;Christopher Tex","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602953","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clean indoor air (CIA) ordinances in Toledo, Ohio, and Bowling Green, Ohio, regulate smoking in restaurants to protect patrons and employees. Yet complete protection is questionable because the ordinances allow for smoking in certain dining sections. Two restaurants were studied in each city, one smoking and one nonsmoking. Levels of contaminants related to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)--determined by personal and area air monitoring-in the nonsmoking restaurants were comparable to levels in a control environment. However, levels of ETS-related contaminants in the smoking restaurants, including designated nonsmoking sections, were significantly higher than levels in the control environment. ETS-related contamination of the nonsmoking sections in the smoking restaurants is attributable to direct openings between the smoking and nonsmoking sections. Reasonable protection of employees and patrons against ETS-related contaminants requires strict enforcement of CIA ordinances. Full protection is achievable only with 100% smoke-free policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"677-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602953","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26101724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between health status and psychological distress among the inhabitants in a methylmercury-polluted area in Japan.","authors":"Kayo Ushijima,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Miyake,&nbsp;Takao Kitano,&nbsp;Masahiro Shono,&nbsp;Makoto Futatsuka","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the relationship between health parameters and psychological distress among inhabitants of methylmercury-polluted areas in Japan. The subjects were 133 inhabitants over the age of 40 yr living in two methylmercury-polluted villages. Information on demographic factors, health status, and mental health was obtained using questionnaires, including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The proportional odds model was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios of factors associated with a higher GHQ score after adjustment for age, gender, and district. Very poor self-rated health status, a high number (5+) of subjective symptoms, having monthly outpatient visits and medical house calls, and receiving compensation for methylmercury poisoning were significantly associated with psychological distress. Poor physical condition may lead to the development of psychological distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"725-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26101730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure of a Cree population living near mine tailings in northern Quebec (Canada) to metals and metalloids.","authors":"Dominique Bussières,&nbsp;Pierre Ayotte,&nbsp;Patrick Levallois,&nbsp;Eric Dewailly,&nbsp;Evert Nieboer,&nbsp;Suzanne Gingras,&nbsp;Suzanne Côté","doi":"10.1080/00039890409602960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00039890409602960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors investigated the effect of residues from copper- and gold-mining on the Cree population of Oujé-Bougoumou, located 560 km north of Quebec City, Canada. Subjects (225) from Oujé-Bougoumou and a control population (100) completed a questionnaire on lifestyle and dietary habits and provided blood and urine samples for analysis. Geometric means of arsenic, lead, cadmium, and copper concentrations were not significantly different for subjects or controls 15 yr and older or children (8-14 yr old). However, blood zinc was higher and selenium was lower in Oujé-Bougoumou samples. Mean blood lead level was higher in children from Oujé-Bougoumou, but lower in adults aged 40 yr and older. For adults (15 yr and older) blood lead level increased with age and was higher in men, those who hunted, and consumed wild meat (R2 = 0.43). Blood cadmium increased with age and smoking (R2 = 0.61). No influence of mine residues was observed among residents of Oujé-Bougoumou, but lifestyle exposure associations were noted for both communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":8155,"journal":{"name":"Archives of environmental health","volume":"59 12","pages":"732-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00039890409602960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26101732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}