International family planning perspectives最新文献_第7页

Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning: predictors of correct use. 基于生育意识的计划生育方法:正确使用的预测因素。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1363/3209406

Irit Sinai, Rebecka Lundgren, Marcos Arévalo, Victoria Jennings

{"title":"Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning: predictors of correct use.","authors":"Irit Sinai, Rebecka Lundgren, Marcos Arévalo, Victoria Jennings","doi":"10.1363/3209406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3209406","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning help women identify the days of the menstrual cycle when they are most likely to become pregnant. To prevent pregnancy, women avoid unprotected intercourse on these days. Efficacy of these methods may be improved if the users most likely to engage in unprotected intercourse on fertile days can be identified and counseled.Methods: Quantitative and qualitative data from efficacy studies of the Standard Days Method and the TwoDay Method of family planning, in which 928 women each contributed up to 13 cycles of method use, were examined. Multinomial logit analysis was used to compare characteristics of women who occasionally had unprotected intercourse on fertile days with those who consistently used their method correctly. The reasons participants gave for having unprotected intercourse on fertile days were also examined.Results: Only 23% of women had unprotected intercourse on their fertile days in one or more of the cycles they contributed to the study. The method and study site appear to have the most significant effect on correct use. Earning an income was associated with increased odds of unprotected intercourse on fertile days; higher quality of housing was associated with decreased odds. The results confirm the importance of partner cooperation for correct method use.Conclusion: There was no clear profile of clients for whom these family planning methods would be inappropriate. However, programs offering these methods may help couples overcome potential difficulties in correct method use by including male partners and encouraging their participation in counseling sessions.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 2","pages":"94-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26140404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Protecting young women from HIV/AIDS: the case against child and adolescent marriage. 保护年轻妇女免受艾滋病毒/艾滋病:反对儿童和青少年婚姻的案例。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1363/3207906

Shelley Clark, Judith Bruce, Annie Dude

{"title":"Protecting young women from HIV/AIDS: the case against child and adolescent marriage.","authors":"Shelley Clark, Judith Bruce, Annie Dude","doi":"10.1363/3207906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3207906","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In most developing countries, the majority of sexually active female adolescents are married. Although married adolescents are often assumed to be at low risk for HIV infection, little is known about the actual HIV risks these adolescents face or about ways to minimize these risks.Methods: Demographic and Health Survey data from 29 countries in Africa and Latin America were used to examine the frequency of factors that may increase HIV risk in married women aged 15-19.Results: Several behavioral and social factors may increase the vulnerability of married female adolescents to HIV infection. First, these young women engage in frequent unprotected sex: In most countries, more than 80% of adolescents who had had unprotected sex during the previous week were married. Second, women who marry young tend to have much older husbands (mean age difference, 5-14 years) and, in polygamous societies, are frequently junior wives, factors that may increase the probability that their husbands are infected and weaken their bargaining power within the marriage. Third, married adolescents have relatively little access to educational and media sources of information about HIV. Finally, the most common AIDS prevention strategies (abstinence, condom use) are not realistic options for many married adolescents.Conclusion: New policies and interventions, tailored to the sexual and behavioral profiles of women in each country, are needed to address the vulnerabilities of adolescent wives. In some countries, delaying age at marriage may be an important strategy; in others, making intercourse within marriage safer may be more valuable.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 2","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26140402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 276

Provider and health facility influences on contraceptive adoption in urban Pakistan. 提供者和卫生设施对巴基斯坦城市避孕措施采用的影响。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-06-01 DOI: 10.1363/3207106

Saima Hamid, Rob Stephenson

{"title":"Provider and health facility influences on contraceptive adoption in urban Pakistan.","authors":"Saima Hamid, Rob Stephenson","doi":"10.1363/3207106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3207106","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Although the vast majority of Pakistani women are familiar with family planning methods, use of contraceptives remains low. Identifying the characteristics of family planning providers and health facilities that are associated with women's initiation of contraception may help program administrators devise interventions to increase contraceptive use.Methods: Logistic regression analysis of data from a survey of urban Pakistani health facilities, their clients and their staff was used to identify individual, provider and health facility characteristics that predict women's receipt of contraceptives during visits to urban clinics.Results: Women who had a secondary or higher level of education and three or more children had elevated odds of receiving a method (odds ratios, 1.8-9.3). Women had reduced odds of receiving contraceptives when visiting facilities where providers had higher levels of family planning experience. They had higher odds of receiving services at facilities that displayed educational materials about family planning than at those that did not (1.8), and those odds increased with the proportion of contraceptive methods offered that were in stock, the number of staff doctors and the number of staff members who provided family planning (1.2-2.4).Conclusion: Providers should be aware of the contraceptive needs of women with all levels of education and parity. Additionally, family planning facilities may be able to increase clients' contraceptive use by providing diversity in method choice, keeping offered methods in stock, displaying informational materials, and raising staff levels.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 2","pages":"71-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26140401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 69

Consistent use of condoms lowers the risk of infection with type 2 herpes virus. 持续使用避孕套可以降低感染2型疱疹病毒的风险。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01

S London

引用次数: 0

Reasons for condom use among young people in KwaZulu-Natal: prevention of HIV, pregnancy or both? 夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省年轻人使用避孕套的原因:预防艾滋病毒，怀孕还是两者兼而有之?

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1363/3202806

Pranitha Maharaj

{"title":"Reasons for condom use among young people in KwaZulu-Natal: prevention of HIV, pregnancy or both?","authors":"Pranitha Maharaj","doi":"10.1363/3202806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3202806","url":null,"abstract":"Context: High levels of HIV/AIDS and unwanted pregnancy among young people are urgent public health problems in South Africa. Studies among youth have generally focused on protection against one or the other of these risks, but not both.Methods: Data collected in 2001 from 2,067 sexually active men and women aged 15-24 in KwaZulu-Natal were examined in bivariate and multivariate analyses to assess reasons for condom use, and levels and determinants of use.Results: Overall, 59% of respondents said that they used condoms at last sexual intercourse, including 6% who used them with another method. The main reason for use (cited by 64% of users) was protection against both pregnancy and HIV infection. Two-thirds of respondents thought that becoming or making someone pregnant in the next few weeks would be a big problem; fewer than one in five viewed their risk of HIV infection as medium or high. Among both sexes, young people who would consider a pregnancy highly problematic were more likely to use condoms than their counterparts who would view a pregnancy as no problem (odds ratios, 1.4-2.3). In sharp contrast, young men and women who perceived themselves as having a medium to high risk of HIV infection were less likely to use condoms than their counterparts who perceived themselves as being at no risk (0.2-0.3).Conclusion: Prevention programs could increase condom use in this population by increasing awareness of the twin risks of pregnancy and HIV infection, and by promoting condoms for protection against these dual risks.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26043902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 88

Community characteristics help shape women's decisions on whether to give birth in a health facility. 社区特点有助于妇女决定是否在卫生机构分娩。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01

S London

引用次数: 0

Partner's sexual behavior does not explain elevated HIV risk during pregnancy. 伴侣的性行为不能解释怀孕期间艾滋病毒感染风险升高的原因。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01

L Melhado

引用次数: 0

Domestic violence in India is linked to individual and community factors. 印度的家庭暴力与个人和社区因素有关。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01

D Hollander

引用次数: 0

Women's position within the household as a determinant of maternal health care use in Nepal. 妇女在家庭中的地位是尼泊尔孕产妇保健使用的一个决定因素。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1363/3201706

Marie Furuta, Sarah Salway

{"title":"Women's position within the household as a determinant of maternal health care use in Nepal.","authors":"Marie Furuta, Sarah Salway","doi":"10.1363/3201706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3201706","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Although gender inequality is often cited as a barrier to improving maternal health in Nepal, little attention has been directed at understanding how sociocultural factors may influence the use of health care. In particular, how a woman's position within her household may affect the receipt of health care deserves further investigation.Methods: Data on ever-married women aged 15-49 from the 2001 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed to explore three dimensions of women's position within their household-decision making, employment and influence over earnings, and spousal discussion of family planning. Logistic regression models assessed the relationship of these variables to receipt of skilled antenatal and delivery care.Results: Few women reported participation in household decision making, and even fewer had any control over their own earnings. However, more than half reported discussing family planning with their husbands, and there were significant differences among subgroups in these indicators of women's position. Though associations were not consistent across all indicators, spousal discussion of family planning was linked to an increased likelihood of receiving skilled antenatal and delivery care (odds ratios, 1.4 and 1.3, respectively). Women's secondary education was also strongly associated with the greater use of health care (5.1-5.6).Conclusions: Gender inequality constrains women's access to skilled health care in Nepal. Interventions to improve communication and strengthen women's influence deserve continued support. The strong association of women's education with health care use highlights the need for efforts to increase girls' schooling and alter perceptions of the value of skilled maternal health care.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"17-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26043901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 460

Adolescents' use of maternal and child health services in developing countries. 发展中国家青少年使用妇幼保健服务的情况。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1363/3200606

Heidi W Reynolds, Emelita L Wong, Heidi Tucker

{"title":"Adolescents' use of maternal and child health services in developing countries.","authors":"Heidi W Reynolds, Emelita L Wong, Heidi Tucker","doi":"10.1363/3200606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3200606","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Because of high levels of early childbearing in developing countries, pregnancy and childbirth are the leading causes of death among women aged 15-19. Use of skilled antenatal and delivery care improves maternal outcomes through the prevention, management and treatment of obstetric complications, and infant immunizations prevent many childhood diseases.Methods: Logistic regression analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data for 15 developing countries examined adolescents' use of antenatal care, delivery care and infant immunization services compared with use by older women.Results: In general, the use of maternal and child health care did not vary by mother's age. In five of the 15 countries, women aged 18 or younger were less likely than women aged 19-23 to use either antenatal care or delivery care, or both (odds ratios, 0.5-0.9). Younger mothers in six countries were less likely than older mothers to have their infants immunized, particularly for diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus and for measles (0.5-0.8). The association of age and health care use was largely limited to Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nicaragua, Peru and Uganda. In Latin America, controlling for parity allowed differences between adolescents and older women to emerge. Except in Uganda, there were no differences in health care use by mother's age in the African countries.Conclusion: Country-specific investigations are needed in Asia to better understand the reasons for differences in service use by age. In general, further systematic evidence would help identify long-term interventions that will be most effective in increasing adolescents' use of maternal and child health services.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"6-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26043900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 195