International family planning perspectives最新文献_第8页

Gender role beliefs at sexual debut: qualitative evidence from two brazilian cities. 初次性行为中的性别角色信念:来自两个巴西城市的定性证据。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1363/3204506

Ann M Moore

{"title":"Gender role beliefs at sexual debut: qualitative evidence from two brazilian cities.","authors":"Ann M Moore","doi":"10.1363/3204506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3204506","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Culturally based beliefs about gender roles influence women's sexual behavior and their ability to protect themselves from unwanted sexual experiences. Studying the beliefs that influence women's behavior at sexual debut helps contextualize unwanted sexual intercourse.Methods: Twenty-four focus groups on women's beliefs about gender roles at sexual debut were conducted in 2002 with low- and middle-income women aged 18-21 and 30-39 who were recruited from public and private venues in Recife, capital of Pernambuco, and Belo Horizonte, capital of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data were analyzed for common themes, and quotations were chosen to illustrate those themes.Results: Focus group participants perceived that men have an urgent need for sex. This perception caused women to fear abandonment, anger or violence if they refused to have sex with their partner. The participants believed that women had to act passive the first time they had sex because taking the initiative (for example, by asking their partner to practice contraception) would lead him to accuse them of having previous sexual experience. Also, they believed they had to say no to sex under all circumstances to protect their reputation.Conclusion: To decrease the occurrence of unwanted intercourse, interventions must address the social expectations that influence men's and women's sexual behavior.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26043904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Reproductive knowledge, attitudes and behavior among adolescent males in Tehran, Iran. 伊朗德黑兰青少年男性的生殖知识、态度和行为。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01 DOI: 10.1363/3203506

Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Kazem Mohammad, Farideh K A Farahani, Siamak Alikhani, Mohammad Zare, Fahimeh R Tehrani, Ali Ramezankhani, Farshid Alaeddini

{"title":"Reproductive knowledge, attitudes and behavior among adolescent males in Tehran, Iran.","authors":"Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Kazem Mohammad, Farideh K A Farahani, Siamak Alikhani, Mohammad Zare, Fahimeh R Tehrani, Ali Ramezankhani, Farshid Alaeddini","doi":"10.1363/3203506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3203506","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Iran's culture and religion prohibit sexual contact prior to marriage. Due to the sensitivity of the topic, little is known about the sexual activity of unmarried adolescent males or about their knowledge of, and attitudes toward, sexuality and reproductive health.Methods: A population-based study of 1,385 males aged 15-18 in Tehran was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. Participants were questioned about their beliefs and knowledge regarding reproductive health, and asked whether they had engaged in sexual activity. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors associated with sexual knowledge, attitudes and behavior.Results: Twenty-eight percent of the sample reported having engaged in sexual activity. Sexual experience was associated with older age, access to satellite television, alcohol consumption and permissive attitudes toward sex. Substantial proportions of respondents held misconceptions regarding condoms, STIs and reproductive physiology. Attitudes toward premarital sex were more permissive among respondents who were older, were not in school, had work experience, had access to the Internet or satellite television, lived separately from their parents, or reported having used alcohol, cigarettes or drugs.Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of sexual activity and the lack of knowledge regarding STIs and contraceptives pose a significant threat to the sexual and reproductive health of adolescent males in Iran. Programs are needed to provide adolescents with the information and skills to make safe sexual decisions.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1","pages":"35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26043903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 219

Bangladeshi men whose father abused their mother are more likely to be violent toward their own wife. 父亲虐待母亲的孟加拉国男性更有可能对自己的妻子施暴。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-03-01

S London

引用次数: 0

Health care providers' knowledge of, attitudes toward and provision of emergency contraceptives in Lagos, Nigeria. 尼日利亚拉各斯保健提供者对紧急避孕药具的知识、态度和提供情况。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1363/ifpp.32.089.06

O. Ebuehi, O. Ebuehi, V. Inem

{"title":"Health care providers' knowledge of, attitudes toward and provision of emergency contraceptives in Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"O. Ebuehi, O. Ebuehi, V. Inem","doi":"10.1363/ifpp.32.089.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/ifpp.32.089.06","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT Emergency contraception can play an important role in reducing the rate of unintended pregnancies in Nigeria. Although it is included in the national family planning guidelines, there is limited awareness of this method among clients. METHODS In 2003-2004, a sample of 256 health care providers within Lagos State were surveyed about their knowledge of, attitudes toward and provision of emergency contraceptives, using a 25-item, self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies were calculated for the various measures, and chi-square tests were used to determine significant differences. RESULTS Nine in 10 providers had heard of emergency contraception, but many lacked specific knowledge about the method. Only half of them knew the correct time frame for effective use of emergency contraceptive pills, and three-fourths knew that the pills prevent pregnancy; more than a third incorrectly believed that they may act as an abortifacient. Fewer than a third of respondents who had heard of the pills knew that they are legal in Nigeria. Of those who had heard about emergency contraception, 58% had provided clients with emergency contraceptive pills, yet only 10% of these providers could correctly identify the drug, dose and timing of the first pill in the regimen. Furthermore, fewer than one in 10 of those who knew of emergency contraception said they always provided information to clients, whereas a fourth said they never did so. CONCLUSIONS Nigerian health care providers urgently need education about emergency contraception; training programs should target the types of providers who are less knowledgeable about the method.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 2 1","pages":"89-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67047108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Gender role beliefs at sexual debut: qualitative evidence from two brazilian cities. 初次性行为中的性别角色信念:来自两个巴西城市的定性证据。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1363/ifpp.32.045.06

A. Moore

{"title":"Gender role beliefs at sexual debut: qualitative evidence from two brazilian cities.","authors":"A. Moore","doi":"10.1363/ifpp.32.045.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/ifpp.32.045.06","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT Culturally based beliefs about gender roles influence women's sexual behavior and their ability to protect themselves from unwanted sexual experiences. Studying the beliefs that influence women's behavior at sexual debut helps contextualize unwanted sexual intercourse. METHODS Twenty-four focus groups on women's beliefs about gender roles at sexual debut were conducted in 2002 with low- and middle-income women aged 18-21 and 30-39 who were recruited from public and private venues in Recife, capital of Pernambuco, and Belo Horizonte, capital of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data were analyzed for common themes, and quotations were chosen to illustrate those themes. RESULTS Focus group participants perceived that men have an urgent need for sex. This perception caused women to fear abandonment, anger or violence if they refused to have sex with their partner. The participants believed that women had to act passive the first time they had sex because taking the initiative (for example, by asking their partner to practice contraception) would lead him to accuse them of having previous sexual experience. Also, they believed they had to say no to sex under all circumstances to protect their reputation. CONCLUSION To decrease the occurrence of unwanted intercourse, interventions must address the social expectations that influence men's and women's sexual behavior.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 1 1","pages":"45-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67047412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 23

Domestic violence and symptoms of gynecologic morbidity among women in North India. 印度北部妇女的家庭暴力和妇科疾病症状。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1363/ifpp.32.201.06

R. Stephenson, M. Koenig, Saifuddin Ahmed

{"title":"Domestic violence and symptoms of gynecologic morbidity among women in North India.","authors":"R. Stephenson, M. Koenig, Saifuddin Ahmed","doi":"10.1363/ifpp.32.201.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/ifpp.32.201.06","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT Although there is increasing recognition of the global scope of domestic violence and the potential reproductive health consequences of violence, little is known about the relationship between physical and sexual domestic violence and gynecologic morbidity in developing country settings. METHODS A sample of 3,642 couples from northern India was created by matching husbands and wives who responded to the men's and women's surveys of the 1995-1996 PERFORM System of Indicators Survey. The association between men's reports of physical and sexual violence they had perpetrated against their wives and wives' reports of gynecologic symptoms was analyzed in bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Overall, 37% of men said they had committed one or more acts of physical or sexual violence against their wives in the past 12 months, with 12% reporting physical violence only, 17% sexual violence only and 9% both physical and sexual violence. Thirty-four percent of women reported at least one symptom of gynecologic morbidity. Compared with women whose husbands reported no violence, those who had experienced both physical and sexual violence and those who had experienced sexual violence only had elevated odds of reporting gynecologic symptoms (odds ratios, 1.7 and 1.4, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Plausible mechanisms through which domestic violence may influence gynecologic morbidity include physical trauma, psychological stress or transmission of STIs. Reproductive health care that incorporates domestic violence support services is needed to meet the special needs of abused women.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"32 4 1","pages":"201-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67047202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 84

Pregnancy intentions among Salvadoran fathers: results from the 2003 National Male Reproductive Health Survey. 萨尔瓦多父亲的怀孕意向:2003年全国男性生殖健康调查结果。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1363/3117905

Marion Carter, Ilene S Speizer

{"title":"Pregnancy intentions among Salvadoran fathers: results from the 2003 National Male Reproductive Health Survey.","authors":"Marion Carter, Ilene S Speizer","doi":"10.1363/3117905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3117905","url":null,"abstract":"Context: In El Salvador, fathers less commonly say that pregnancies are unintended than mothers do. However, men's pregnancy intentions are not understood as well as women's.Methods: Data from 425 fathers participating in the 2003 National Male Reproductive Health Survey of El Salvador were analyzed to examine their intentions in regard to partners' pregnancies that had ended in a live birth in the last five years. They were asked whether they had been trying to avoid pregnancy at the time of conception, whether they had been trying to get their partner pregnant, how they had felt about the pregnancy and what they thought their partner's pregnancy intentions had been. Descriptive analyses were based on the most recent pregnancy reported by each man.Results: A quarter of the pregnancies had been unintended from the men's perspective--13% had been mistimed and 11% had been unwanted. Almost half (46%) of unintended pregnancies had been conceived when the father was trying to avoid pregnancy. However, 36% of men reporting an unintended pregnancy said they had been happy when they found out about it. For 20% of all pregnancies, men perceived that their partner's pregnancy intentions differed from their own.Conclusions: Family planning services in El Salvador need improvement, and services and outreach should target men. Men's experiences with unintended pregnancies--in particular, contraceptive failure and discordance within couples about pregnancy intention--are complex and merit further investigation.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"31 4","pages":"179-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25824027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The incidence of induced abortion in Uganda. 乌干达人工流产的发生率。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1363/3118305

Susheela Singh, Elena Prada, Florence Mirembe, Charles Kiggundu

{"title":"The incidence of induced abortion in Uganda.","authors":"Susheela Singh, Elena Prada, Florence Mirembe, Charles Kiggundu","doi":"10.1363/3118305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3118305","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Although Uganda's law permits induced abortion only to save a woman's life, many women obtain abortions, often under unhygienic conditions. Small-scale studies suggest that unsafe abortion is an important health problem in Uganda, but no national quantitative studies of abortion exist.Methods: A nationally representative survey of 313 health facilities that treat women who have postabortion complications and a survey of 53 professionals who are knowledgeable about the conditions of abortion provision in Uganda were conducted in 2003. Indirect estimation techniques were applied to the data to calculate the number of induced abortions performed annually. Abortion rates, abortion ratios and unintended pregnancy rates were calculated for the nation and its four major regions. Data on contraceptive use and unmet need were obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys.Results: Each year, an estimated 297,000 induced abortions are performed in Uganda, and nearly 85,000 women are treated for complications. Abortions occur at a rate of 54 per 1,000 women aged 15-49 and account for one in five pregnancies. The abortion rate is higher than average in the Central region (62 per 1,000 women), the country's most urban and economically developed region. It is also very high in the Northern region (70 per 1,000). Nationally, about half of pregnancies are unintended; 51% of married women aged 15-49 and 12% of their unmarried counterparts have an unmet need for effective contraceptives.Conclusions: Unsafe abortion exacts a heavy toll on women in Uganda. To reduce unplanned pregnancy and unsafe abortion, and to improve women's health, increased access to contraceptive services is needed for all women.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"31 4","pages":"183-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25824028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Promoting informed choice: evaluating a decision-making tool for family planning clients and providers in Mexico. 促进知情选择:评估墨西哥计划生育客户和提供者的决策工具。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1363/3116205

Young Mi Kim, Adrienne Kols, Antonieta Martin, David Silva, Ward Rinehart, Sarah Prammawat, Sarah Johnson, Kathryn Church

{"title":"Promoting informed choice: evaluating a decision-making tool for family planning clients and providers in Mexico.","authors":"Young Mi Kim, Adrienne Kols, Antonieta Martin, David Silva, Ward Rinehart, Sarah Prammawat, Sarah Johnson, Kathryn Church","doi":"10.1363/3116205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3116205","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a decision-making tool to be used by providers and clients during family planning visits to improve the quality of services. It is important to examine the tool's usability and its impact on counseling and decision-making processes during family planning consultations.Methods: Thirteen providers in Mexico City were videotaped with family planning clients three months before and one month after attending a training session on the WHO decision-making tool. The videotapes were coded for client-provider communication and eye contact, and decision-making behaviors were rated. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions explored clients' and providers' opinions of the tool.Results: After providers began using the decision-making tool, they gave clients more information on family planning, tailored that information more closely to clients' situations and more often discussed HIV/AIDS prevention, dual protection and condom use. Client involvement in the decision-making process and client active communication increased, contributing to a shift from provider-dominated to shared decision making. Clients reported that the tool helped them understand the provider's explanations and made them feel more comfortable talking and asking questions during consultations. After one month of practice with the decision-making tool, most providers felt comfortable with it and found it useful; however, they recommended some changes to the tool to help engage clients in the decision-making process.Conclusions: The decision-making tool was useful both as a job aid for providers and as a decision aid for clients.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"31 4","pages":"162-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25824025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Gender and relationship differences in condom use among 15-24-year-olds in Angola. 安哥拉15-24岁青少年避孕套使用的性别和关系差异。

International family planning perspectives Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1363/3119205

Ndola Prata, Farnaz Vahidnia, Ashley Fraser

{"title":"Gender and relationship differences in condom use among 15-24-year-olds in Angola.","authors":"Ndola Prata, Farnaz Vahidnia, Ashley Fraser","doi":"10.1363/3119205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1363/3119205","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The sexual behavior of young people in Angola will play a major role in the future spread of HIV, yet few young people use condoms consistently, and reported rates of condom use are low. It is important to identify determinants of condom use among Angolan adolescents and young adults.Methods: Data for analysis came from 1,995 sexually experienced youth aged 15-24 who participated in a 2001 knowledge, attitudes and practices survey in Luanda, Angola. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of consistent condom use by gender and determinants of condom use at last intercourse by type of relationship.Results: For both males and females, consistent condom use was positively associated with higher levels of education (odds ratios, 1.7-2.6) and believing that condoms did not diminish sexual pleasure (1.8 for both genders). It was negatively associated with being married or in a cohabiting relationship (0.1-0.5). Females who equated condom use with lack of trust were less likely to use condoms consistently (0.5), and males who believed that condoms were safe and those who had multiple partners were more likely to be consistent users (1.6 and 1.7, respectively). Urban residence, higher education, being in school and not equating condom use with lack of trust were important predictors of use at last intercourse in regular and casual relationships, whereas access to condoms was the most important factor in spousal relationships (4.5).Conclusions: Intervention programs aimed at less educated, periurban and unemployed young people should be part of an effective HIV-prevention strategy. Such programs must address misperceptions among youth about condom use and the need for protection from HIV and other STIs.","PeriodicalId":81537,"journal":{"name":"International family planning perspectives","volume":"31 4","pages":"192-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25824029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 99