Archives of Clinical Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Bio-mineralization and remediation of heavy metals: from microbe cellular level to molecular level","authors":"Yangjian Cheng, Zhibin Ke","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436-C2-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436-C2-008","url":null,"abstract":"T lecture will address a variety of topics related to biomineralization and bio-remediation, as well as their applications on environmental remediation. Microbial biomineralization is a process, by which microorganisms transform aqueous metal ions into amorphous or crystalline precipitates. Bioremediation usually refers to a process of microbial absorption and degradation, which is used to treat polluted water, soil and so on, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate growth of microorganisms. As we all know, the toxic and highly soluble heavy metal elements, such as hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and hexavalent uranium [U(VI)], are of great concern as environmental pollutants. Unlike organic pollutants, heavy metal contaminants cannot be degraded. However, they can be transformed, mineralized, and immobilized by microbial metabolism. Thus, bio-mineralization and bioremediation are regarded as a promising, environmentally friendly and costeffective way to remediate heavy metal contaminants. This lecture will include discussion of: remediation of chromium and uranium contamination by microbial activity; adsorption and mineralization of REE (rare earth element)-lanthanum onto bacterial cell surface; bioremediation of Pb compound contaminants by microorganisms; transformation from organoCr(III) to trivalent chromium mineral and its environment implication. In addition to their applications, the mechanism of transformation of heavy metal from mobilizable form to immobilizable form by microorganisms was investigated in our previous works, attendees of this lecture will be familiarized with it and get a better understanding of bio-mineralization and bioremediation from cellular level to molecular level. It may help us in developing appropriate remediation and long-term management strategies of heavy metal contamination.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73886834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Streptococcus Suis serotype 2 resistance genes in mice with SNP and transcriptomic microarray","authors":"Hongjie Fan, Hong Zhou, Xiaomeng Pei","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436-C1-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436-C1-006","url":null,"abstract":"A bacterial strain Bacillus spp. ETL-1949 with remarkable ability to decolourize the reactive azo dyes such as reactive red, reactive yellow, reactive brilliant red and reactive brilliant blue was isolated from the textile effluent contaminated site. The effluent sample was collected from local textile industry, Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India Static conditions with 10 g/l glucose, pH 9, 37°C, 20% inoculum concentration, 50 mg/l of dye concentration, 3 g/l of NH4NO3, were considered to be the optimum decolourizing conditions. Bacillus spp. ETL-1949 grew well in these optimum conditions, resulting in 82% decolourization extent 7 days of incubation. Phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence indicated that the bacterial strain belonged to the genus Bacillus. UV (Ultra Violet) analysis of bacterial isolate suggested that it exhibited decolourizing activity, rather than inactive surface adsorption. This decolourization extent and facile conditions show the potential for this bacterial strain to be used in the biological treatment of textile effluent or dyes.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85160882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonization and germination of pigmented Bacillus aquimaris SH6 spores in shrimp's gut conferring its probiotic effects to white-leg shrimps","authors":"A. Nguyen, H. T. Nguyen, Tham Nguyen, T. H. Pham, H. T. N. Bui, M. Tran, Anh HoaNguyen, Phan Tuấn Nghĩa","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436-C1-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436-C1-005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"497 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78134539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite on Staphylococcus aureus biofilm","authors":"Wala A Abdallah, Mudathir A A Abakar","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436-C3-012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436-C3-012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75357166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wild bird exposure to flaviviruses in southern Tunisian Oases","authors":"T. Ayadi, A. Hammouda, S. Lecollinet, T. Boulinier, S. Selmi","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436-C3-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436-C3-011","url":null,"abstract":"It has previously been suggested that southern Tunisian oases may be suitable areas for the circulation of flaviviruses. In order to anticipate and prevent possible epidemiological spread of flaviviruses in humans and domestic animals, the ecology of their transmission in these areas needs to be better understood. In this study, we investigated the exposure of the laughing dove (Spilopelia senegalensis) to West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in four southern Tunisian oases that differ regarding vegetation structure and distance to the coast. Anti-flavivirus antibodies were detected in 17% of sampled doves. Ten per cent of the total tested doves were West Nile virus (WNV) seropositive and 4% were Usutu virus (USUV) seropositive, which provides the first evidence of USUV circulation in Tunisian birds. Our results also showed that the occurrence of anti-flavivirus antibodies increased with decreasing distance to coast, suggesting that doves inhabiting coastal oases were more exposed to flaviviruses compared with those inhabiting inland oases. We also found a significantly higher occurrence probability of antibodies in adult doves compared with young ones, which underlines likely the effect of exposure time. Overall, our results suggest that the laughing dove may be used for WNV and USUV surveillance in southern Tunisia. They also stress the need for investigations combining data on birds and mosquitoes to better understand the ecological factors governing the circulation of flaviviruses in this area.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77007308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay in Rural Health Facilities in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"J. Ramos, M. Fernández-Muñoz, G. Tisiano, H. Fano, Tafese Yohannes, A. Gosa, A. Tesfamariam, Cristina Verdu-Expositvo, J. Romanyk, F. Reyes, M. Górgolas","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100077","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia. We describe the performance of the Xpert-MTB/RIF assay for presumptive TB in health facilities that refer samples to a regional reference laboratory. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with presumptive TB from 1st April 2015 to 30th August 2016. The study was performed in Gambo Hospital, Ethiopia. The samples sent to the referral laboratory were analyzed according to national protocols on the diagnosis of TB and multidrug resistant-TB in children with presumptive TB. Results: We studied one sample each from 309 unique patients; 197 (63.8%) were less than 14 years old, and 165 (53.4%) were male. The most commonly analyzed sample was gastric aspiration (n=144, 46.6%) followed by sputum (n=92, 29.8%). Gastric aspiration was performed mainly in children (98.6%, 142/144; p<0.001), while peritoneal effusion (94.4%, 17/18; p<0.001), pleural effusion (80.8%, 21/26; p<0.001), lymph node (63.6%, 14/22; p=0.01), and sputum (56/92, 60.9%; p<0.001) were performed mainly in adults. For 10 samples, the results were not available from the referral laboratory. The samples were positive for TB by Xpert MTB/RIF in 22.4% (67/299) of the samples. Only one sample was resistant to rifampicin (0.3%). The results of Xpert MTB/RIF were positive in 76.2% (16/21) of the lymph node samples (p<0.001), 22.3% of the gastric aspiration samples, 20.0% (31/139) of the sputum samples, 1.5% (1/17) of the ascites fluid samples, and 0.0% (0/25) of the pleural effusions (p=0.002). Conclusion: Xpert MTB/RIF facilitates the diagnosis of TB, with microbiological confirmation, in up to 20% of the samples.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73735432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Trichomoniasis among Adultsin Oru-East l.g.a, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"Ogomaka Ijeoma A, Nwachinemere Amara V, Obeagu Emmanuel I","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100079","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence study on Trichomoniasis, a sexually Transmitted disease among adults male and female attending health facilities in Oru-East local Government area of Imo State was conducted between April and August, 2017. A Total of two hundred (200) high vagina swab (HVS) and urine were aseptically collected with a sterile swab stick and clean containers from female and male respectively. Of these samples collected, 100 were from females while the remaining 100 were from males. The specimen were examined macroscopically for color and odor of the discharge and urine and microscopically using wet mount preparation for characteristic tumbling motility of Trichomonas vaginalis under X10 and X40 objectives within an hour of collection. The overall prevalence result showed that out of 200 women and men screened, 81(40.5%) were infected and of these number, women had the highest infection of 52(52.02%) while men had the prevalence of 29(29.0%) .Clinic based result revealed that those attending general hospital Awo-omamma had the highest prevalence of 48 (48.0%) while the least was from Mbutu Health Care Centre with prevalence of 8(20.0%).The age range related prevalence revealed that those within 29-39 years had the highest prevalence of 34 (64.15%) while the least was among those within the age range of 61-72 with 5(21.74%). Educational background related prevalence showed that highest infection was recorded among those who had secondary education, 60(42.45%) while the least was recorded among those that had tertiary education. Occupational related prevalence revealed that artesian had the highest infection prevalence of 42(58.33%). The chi square analysis showed that infection did not differ significantly among the age groups (p<0.05) while the mean PH level of the vagina differ significantly among the groups, (p<0.05) with age range of 29-39 having highest pH level of 6.7. Consequently, Trichomoniasis is more prevalent among the sexually active population than the less sexually active ones hence regular and early diagnosis should be advocated to avoid obvious adverse effects to the infected individuals, their sex partners and the unborn babies.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"144 11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83061481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Prevalence of Sexually TransmittedInfections (STIs) in AsymptomaticGreek Women","authors":"Z. Florou, P. Kleoniki, F. Serafim, S. Anargyros, E. Petinaki, M. Christina, L. Vassilios","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100078","url":null,"abstract":"Title: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) varies between countries, depending on various factors (behavior, age, preventive measures etc.) Background: Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of various STIs in asymptomatic sexually active women in Central Greece. Methods and Findings: From June 2014 to May 2016, a total of 188 women, negative for cervical lesion or inflammation according to cytological test, nonvaccinated for HPV and aged between 19-59 years old (mean age 34 years old), were examined. The study material included: 1. blood sample 2. sample of vaginal secretions 3. cervical swab and 4. endo-cervical brush. One hundred – ten women out 188, were found to have at least one STIs (58.5 %), while, 46 of them were positive for more than one. Among the STIs detected, Ureaplasma parvum predominated (34%) followed by Candida albicans (24.5%), high-risk HPV subtypes (23.4%), Chlamydia trachomatis (3.2%) and Mycoplasma hominis (2.1%). None woman was found to be positive for Trichomonas vaginalis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Treponema pallidum and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The most common HPV sub-type were the 52 and 39, followed by 59, 16, 31, 33, 56, 18, 51, 58 and 35. The majority of HPV-positive women were colonised by one sub-type, while 10% of HPV-positive women were colonised with more than one. Conclusion: No significant differences in the prevalence rate were observed between age groups. A weak positive correlation was observed between the concomitant presence of U. parvum/M.hominis, U. parvum/C. trachomatis, and HPV/ number of partners. Continued close monitoring of the prevalence of STIs in healthy individuals is important for preventing their dissemination.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86681734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment and Management of BacterialPurulent Acute Otitis at the BogodogoDistrict Community Hospital,Burkina Faso, West Africa","authors":"M. Sanou, Ky, A. Ba, Tamini, L. Toguyéni, Ouedraogo A-S, A. Konkobo, F. Bakiono, R. CompaoreT, M. NagaloB, C. Bissye, R. Yokoda, J. BoradM, I. Sanou, L. Sangaré, Ouédraogo, R. Traoré, J. Simporé","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100075","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This is a descriptive short report of a cross-sectional study conducted in the Otorhinolaryngology unit (ORL) of the Bogodogo district community hospital and in the Unit of Bacteriology/Virology of the National Laboratory of Public Health. This study sought to provide insight into the quality of antibiotic prescribing in patients with purulent acute otitis media (PAOM) to establish a better treatment and management of local population ‘health. Methods and findings: A cross-sectional investigation was carried out from June 2014 to January 2015. Here, we reported and included in the analysis 58 cases of antibiotic-naive patients diagnosed with purulent acute otitis media seen in the otorhinolaryngology unit of the Bogodogo district community hospital. Thirtyone (31) patients were over 15 years. Males were the dominant group with a sex ratio of 1.3. Sixty-two (62) bacterial strains were isolated from patient samples of which Staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas accounted for 37.1%, 32.2% and (22.6%), respectively. Among the antibiotics tested, four (4) classes proved effective: Gentamycin (98%), Ciprofloxacin (97%), Imipenem (82%) and the 3rd generation of Ceftriaxone (76%).However, the sensitivity to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid was very low. Conclusions: Self-medicating, over-prescribing unnecessary drugs are among the cause of resistance to antibiotic treatment. We were able to identify the main bacteria involved in purulent acute otitis and hope this effort of generating data will be useful to improve the care for patient in Burkina and beyond in Sun- Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78039923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiogram and Phenotypic Characterization of E. Coli Isolated from Nigeriaâs Paper Currencies obtained from Butchers in Ebonyi State","authors":"I. Moses, E. N. Ugbo, I. Iroha, E. G. Ukpai, Odah Ee, S. C. Eluu, H. O. Uzoeto","doi":"10.4172/1989-8436.100085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/1989-8436.100085","url":null,"abstract":"This study was designed to phenotypically characterize and determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of E. coli isolated from Nigeria’s paper currencies obtained from butchers in Abakaliki meat market, Ebonyi State. A total of 98 samples of naira notes in different denominations (N5 to N1000) were randomly collected from butchers and were analyzed using standard microbiological procedures. The isolated bacterial pathogens were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test on Mueller-Hinton agar (Oxoid, England) by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. A total of 7 (7.1%) Escherichia coli isolates were obtained in which two exhibited multi-drug resistance trait. The Escherichia coli isolates were highly resistant to ceftazidime (85.7%). The highest susceptibility frequency was observed for ciprofloxacin (100%), imipenem (100%), meropenem (100%) and ofloxacin (100%). There was a statistically significant difference in the mean percentage resistance and mean percentage susceptibility (P˂0.05) of the E. coli isolates. The multiple antibiotic resistance indices (MARI) of the Escherichia coli isolates ranged from 0.14-0.43. These high MARI values might be an indication of abuse and misuse of antibiotics. Escherichia coli can cause serious communityacquired infections. Hence, appropriate hygienic measures should be adopted while handling naira notes.","PeriodicalId":8142,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Microbiology","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86810858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}