Historical journal of Massachusetts最新文献_第6页

Migration and the Origins of the English Atlantic World 移民和英属大西洋世界的起源

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2001-07-01 DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim020050011

Anthony Mann

引用次数: 0

John Laurens and the American Revolution 约翰·劳伦斯和美国革命

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.38-0509

W. Pencak

引用次数: 0

The Crisis of the Standing Order: Clerical Intellectuals and Cultural Authority in Massachusetts, 1780-1833 常设秩序的危机:马萨诸塞州的神职知识分子和文化权威，1780-1833

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.37-0513

Robert J. Wilson

{"title":"The Crisis of the Standing Order: Clerical Intellectuals and Cultural Authority in Massachusetts, 1780-1833","authors":"Robert J. Wilson","doi":"10.5860/choice.37-0513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.37-0513","url":null,"abstract":"The Crisis of the Standing Order: Clerical intellectuals and Cultural Authority in Massachusetts, 1780-1833. By Peter S. Field. Amherst, Massachusetts, 1998 (University of Massachusetts Press, P. O. Box 429, Amherst, MA 01004). $34.95. Peter S. Field describes himself as \"a social historian of intellectuals\" (p. 4) setting out to describe the early nineteenth century collapse of the \"Standing Order\" (the old Puritan Congregational establishment), the emergence of an alliance between clerical intellectuals and prospering merchants - the Brahmins, and the creation of a secular, high culture which helped legitimate the claims to social dominance of this elite class. Like Renaissance merchant princes, wealthy Bostonians such as Samuel Dexter, John Lowell, Harrison Gray Otis, and Samuel Eliot used their financial influence to attract bright, articulate, cultured ministers such as John Thornton Kirkland, Jeremy Belknap, and Joseph Stevens Buckminster to important Boston pulpits. Unlike the rest of the Massachusetts religious establishment, the Boston churches had always survived or perished in a competitive, voluntaristic environment. Most of these churches were controlled by wealthy pew holders who wanted their clergy to be eloquent, cultivated men with a refined literary sensibility. Gentility mattered far more than theological orthodoxy. The political influence of this Brahmin oligarchy, Federalists all, was on the wane and so they sought to buttress their status through cultural dominance. In 1805 the Brahmins installed one of their own as Hollis Professor of Divinity at Harvard College and soon came to dominate the Harvard Corporation; the old school of the prophets became an intellectual and cultural Brahmin bastion. The cultural conquest of Boston was completed with the establishment of the Anthology Society and its literary organ, the Monthly Anthology, the creation of the Boston Athenaeum, and other philanthropies such as the Massachusetts Historical Society. As Field puts it so well, \"the Brahmin clergy of Boston had transformed God's covenant with the Puritan nation into a class compact with a privileged elite.\" ( n. 10) The Brahmin-clerical cultural alliance, which Field so clearly delineates, was vigorously resisted, and the author's account of that resistance is the most absorbing part of this book. The orthodox clergy, led principally by the indefatigable Jedidiah Morse and allies such as Leonard Woods and Moses Stuart, wanted to retain the traditional political and moral authority of the old Standing Order and saw that authority being seriously undermined, less by Baptists and other dissenters and more by wealthy, influential, religiously suspect \"pew parishioners\" and their hireling clergy. Morse, who not incidentally was an accomplished scholar in his own right, championed the orthodox communicants in their struggle for control of their churches with increasingly powerful, wealthy parishioners. At times sounding like Cotton Mather and","PeriodicalId":81429,"journal":{"name":"Historical journal of Massachusetts","volume":"29 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71079160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

A People's Army: Massachusetts Soldiers and Society in the Seven-Years' War 人民军:七年战争中的马萨诸塞士兵与社会

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim020090001

L. Lowenthal

引用次数: 8

The Magic of the Many: Josiah Quincy and the Rise of Mass Politics in Boston, 1800-1830 《多数人的魔力:约西亚·昆西与波士顿大众政治的兴起，1800-1830

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.38-0492

Gerald W. McFarland

引用次数: 0

The Triumph of Ethnic Progressivism: Urban Political Culture in Boston, 1900-1925 民族进步主义的胜利:1900-1925年波士顿的城市政治文化

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.36-2924

Thomas A. McMullin

引用次数: 0

Ebb Tide in New England: Women, Seaports, and Social Change, 1630-1800 新英格兰的退潮:妇女、海港和社会变革，1630-1800

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.36-0512

P. W. Kaufman

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引用次数: 19

Preserving Historic New England: Preservation, Progressivism, and the Remaking of Memory 保护历史悠久的新英格兰:保存、进步主义和记忆的重塑

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.33-5923

Michael C. Batinski

{"title":"Preserving Historic New England: Preservation, Progressivism, and the Remaking of Memory","authors":"Michael C. Batinski","doi":"10.5860/choice.33-5923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.33-5923","url":null,"abstract":"Preserving Historic New England: Preservation, Progressivism and the Remaking of Memory, by James M- Lindgren. New York, 1995 (Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York, 10016), $45.00 in Cloth. Public historians engaged in preservation and museum work, as well as their traditionally defined academic counterparts have, as David Glassberg has recently argued, been working in their separate domains for too long (\"Public History and the Study of Memory,\" The Public Historian, 19 [Spring, 1996], pp. 7-23). The distinctions are artificial and detrimental to both parties. Glassberg, however, may exaggerate how high those boundaries are. Certainly his study of American Historical Pageantry (1990) and Michael Kammen's on The Mystic Chords of Memory (1991), as well as the attention both books have received, gives cause for reconsideration. But if the evidence remains inconclusive, books like James Lindgren's study of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities (SPNEA) provide confirming evidence that the boundaries are artificial and detrimental. Preserving Historic New England is noteworthy for what it reveals about early twentieth-century political and social history. Lindgren skillfully places SPNEA and its founder William Sumner Appleton within the times. Appleton, like many a Boston Brahmin, trembled as he witnessed his world overrun by succeeding waves of immigration from Ireland, Italy, and Eastern Europe. As Appleton and his cohorts sensed that their world was overrun by both a crass materialism and a militant radicalism, they reconstructed an image of a more stabile past inhabited by hardy Anglo-Saxons individualists who took pride in craftsmanship and planted well-ordered and harmonious communities. These men-and they were largely men, as Lindgren notes-were \"remaking\" a memory of New England's past out of their fears. Though many, including Appleton, suffered from \"nervous collapse,\" they did not retreat. Instead, they developed a preservationist movement in order to impose their imagined past upon the new immigrants-in short, to Americanize these strangers according to their standard. By placing New England's preservationist movement within the larger social and political contexts of the progressive era, Lindgren contributes to a richer understanding of that age. While it is not surprising to read that New England's circle of preservationists \"overlapped\" with the Progressivism movement, Lindgren's story provides rich confirming details. Ethnic, class, and cultural divisions that provoked struggles over school curricula and over parks and playgrounds erupted when preservationists sought to protect Paul Revere's house from its foreign inhabitants. While telling in rich detail the stories of the numerous struggles to preserve New England's colonial houses, Lindgren rightly concludes that \"historic preservation was one battleline in a wider conflict\"(83). Though he has focused on a narrow subject, he remains ","PeriodicalId":81429,"journal":{"name":"Historical journal of Massachusetts","volume":"28 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71050920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

The Trials of Anthony Burns: Freedom and Slavery in Emerson's Boston 安东尼·伯恩斯的审判:爱默生笔下波士顿的自由与奴役

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.35-5859

J. Tager

{"title":"The Trials of Anthony Burns: Freedom and Slavery in Emerson's Boston","authors":"J. Tager","doi":"10.5860/choice.35-5859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.35-5859","url":null,"abstract":"The Trials of Anthony Burns: Freedom and Slavery in Emerson's Boston. By Albert J. von Frank. Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1998. (Harvard University Press, 79 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138). $27.95. In 1854, Emerson wrote in his journal: \"Ask not, Is it Constitutional? Ask, Is It right?\" This concept is crucial to von Frank's fascinating new book on the trial and rendition of fugitive slave Anthony Burns in May of 1854. In it he fuses together the actions of militant abolitionists with the ideas of New England's major Transcendentalist thinkers. The author delineates the crucial moment in Boston's cultural history when a revolution in thought took place that transformed a deeply split community into one with a majority in favor of antislavery. Much transpired before this cultural climax occurred. The early successful efforts of Boston's tiny group of abolitionists to free fugitives like William and Ellen Craft (1850) and Shadrach Minkins (1851), led to the stiffening of governmental resistance and the failure to liberate Thomas Sims (1851). The passage of the Fugitive Slave Act and the Kansas-Nebraska Act primed New England for a realignment of community response to slavery. It was the Burns case, with its failed armed attack to free the incarcerated fugitive, and the fruitless legal haranguing that could not prevent his rendition, that lit the spark mobilizing Boston and Massachusetts against slavery. Von Frank makes a subtle and sophisticated argument demonstrating how Emerson's and Thoreau's transcendental ideas of individual responsibility, moral goodness, and faith in progress coalesced with the \"higher law\" doctrine of Garrison and other abolitionists, to forge an \"antislavery revolution\" that would propel the nation into civil war. The Fugitive Slave Law, called by Emerson that \"filthy enactment,\" and the Burns case created the conditions for a confrontation in Boston between the Emersonian view of conscience and an \"unjust and evil\" law that resulted in this \"pocket revolution.\" Ever the true democrat Emerson saw laws as \"imitable, all alterable,\" with true authority resting with the people. A person must oppose the Fugitive Slave Law since it violated one's conscience. Thoreau echoed this higher law sentiment with his antislavery piece, \"Civil Disobedience\": \"Under a government which imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also in a prison.\" It was the Burns case that popularized the Transcendentalist's intellectual realization that if the people of Massachusetts enforced this law, they would become accomplices to the slave power. …","PeriodicalId":81429,"journal":{"name":"Historical journal of Massachusetts","volume":"27 1","pages":"106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71062554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Jonathan Belcher: Colonial Governor 乔纳森·贝尔彻:殖民总督

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 1998-07-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.34-1121

W. Pencak

{"title":"Jonathan Belcher: Colonial Governor","authors":"W. Pencak","doi":"10.5860/choice.34-1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.34-1121","url":null,"abstract":"Jonathan Belcher: Colonial Governor. By Michael C. Batinski. Lexington, 1996 (University Press of Kentucky, 603 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008). In cloth $29.95. Jonathan Belcher (1683-1757) will be known to most readers of this journal as the Governor of Massachusetts (1730-1741) who played factional politics with a vengeance and was undone by the even greater guile of partisans of his successor, William Shirley, during the Land Bank Crisis. Batinski's achievement, although he does not slight Belcher the politician, is to position him skillfully at the intersection of the history of several colonies and several worlds. The author is thereby able to use Belcher as a representative figure whose varied activities illuminate the nature of provincial America during the early eighteenth century. The son of a self-made, domineering Boston merchant who sent him on a tour of Europe in his early twenties, Belcher obtained a cosmopolitan perspective on his native land and its place in the imperial firmament denied to most of his generation. The experience gave him a keen appreciation of the need to cultivate favor at court -- which he did at times with nauseating obsequiousness -- but also renewed devotion to the piety of his ancestors. Listening from youth to the sermons of Puritan ministers who cast the ideal ruler as a latter-day Nehemiah, symbolically restoring the chosen people to their true origins, Belcher went out of his way to promote Indian missions, check the progress of Anglicanism, support the Quakers (who were instrumental in 1746 in obtaining his appointment as Governor of New Jersey), and further the activities of evangelicals such as Jonathan Edwards in Western Massachusetts and Aaron Burr in New Jersey. The crowning achievement of his life was shepherding through a contentious and divided provincial legislature the charter of the College of New Jersey, which is now known as Princeton University. Batinski tries to make sense of Belcher's multi-faceted and paradoxical if not contradictory life, but one gets the feeling he is attempting a hopeless task. Belcher bullied his own two sons as he had been bullied by his father: they did not marry until they were nearly fifty years old. Despite his evangelical beliefs and devotion to Massachusetts, he spent thousands of pounds supporting Jonathan, Jr. in the British Isles, including a futile bid for a seat in the House of Commons With his own father Andrew he was attacked by Boston mobs for exporting grain during food shortages, a selfish lapse from his professed devotion to his native land. …","PeriodicalId":81429,"journal":{"name":"Historical journal of Massachusetts","volume":"26 1","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71051424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1