Historical journal of Massachusetts最新文献

The Weston Sisters: An American Abolitionist Family 韦斯顿姐妹：一个美国废奴主义家庭

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/jahist/jav628

Julie Dobrow

引用次数: 0

Cape Cod: An Environmental History of a Fragile Ecosystem 科德角:脆弱生态系统的环境史

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1093/jahist/jav593

L. Kennedy

引用次数: 0

The Remarkable Education of John Quincy Adams 约翰·昆西·亚当斯的杰出教育

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.190668

Dinah Mayo-Bobee

引用次数: 0

King Philip's War: Civil War in New England, 1675-1676 菲利普国王的战争:1675-1676年新英格兰的内战

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.37-5848

Scott A. Barnard

引用次数: 3

Tyrannicide: Forging an American Law of Slavery in Revolutionary South Carolina and Massachusetts 《杀戮暴君:在革命的南卡罗莱纳和马萨诸塞州制定美国奴隶制法》

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/jahist/jav360

Richard F. Miller

引用次数: 1

Dickens and Massachusetts: The Lasting Legacy of the Commonwealth Visits 狄更斯与马萨诸塞:英联邦访问的永恒遗产

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.193821

Corinne H. Smith

引用次数: 1

Confronting Decline: The Political Economy of Deindustrialization in Twentieth-Century New England 直面衰落：20世纪新英格兰去工业化的政治经济学

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2017-07-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.51-5134

J. Barnhill

{"title":"Confronting Decline: The Political Economy of Deindustrialization in Twentieth-Century New England","authors":"J. Barnhill","doi":"10.5860/choice.51-5134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-5134","url":null,"abstract":"Confronting Decline: The Political Economy of Deindustrialization in Twentieth-Century New England. By David Koistinen. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2013. 346 pages. $74.95 (paperback).Deindustrialization is the process whereby an industry becomes noncompetitive with the same industry from another region and thus declines, leading to a dramatic loss of jobs and income for all affected. Deindustrialization became noticeable in the United States in the second half of the twentieth century as mines and factories closed because they were uncompetitive with newer and more modern factories and mines in the rest of the world. The region most affected, from the Northeast to the upper Midwest, became known as the rust belt.In this work, economic historian David Koistinen documents a far earlier but still continuing deindustrialization, that of the New England textile industry, with an emphasis on Massachusetts. He argues that responses to textile decline mirrored those in other, later industries, both in New England and in the rest of the United States. Consistently, the first response was an attempt to cut costs. When retrenchment failed, industry looked to government for bail out assistance. When all else failed, economic leaders in and out of government began seeking alternative means of economic development.The first chapter deals with the historical development. It begins in the late eighteenth century with Samuel Slater and the early nineteenth century Lowell experiment that made New England a leading textile manufacturing region. Koistinen shows that textiles drove development of other industries in the region, from textile machines to unrelated industries such as firearms, woolen goods, and footwear.By the mid-nineteenth century, the New England standard of living was highest in the country. Textile mills began the first American industrial revolution, and they enabled New England to weather declines in agriculture and fishing. New England was the nation's economic leader for a century. And New England laborers had the highest standard of living in the United States thanks in part to their robust unionism. But inevitably competition arose, first in the American South and later in other areas of the world. Weak or non-existent unions and surplus unskilled workers resulted in a low-wage work force; textile work did not require particularly high skills. Old factories with obsolete or decaying equipment were more expensive to operate than new ones with modern equipment and lower maintenance costs.Chapter 2 deals with the first response, retrenchment. The post World War I economic crisis provided New England mill owners with an opportunity to achieve anti-labor changes they had failed to get during more prosperous times. When Southern textile owners began competing, some New England owners resisted, seeking to cut costs by reducing the workforce, expanding the work week, cutting workers compensation, and fighting the unions and legal safeg","PeriodicalId":81429,"journal":{"name":"Historical journal of Massachusetts","volume":"45 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47551403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence 革命的夏天:美国独立的诞生

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.51-2834

Stephen Donnelly

{"title":"Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence","authors":"Stephen Donnelly","doi":"10.5860/choice.51-2834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.51-2834","url":null,"abstract":"Revolutionary Summer: The Birth of American Independence. Joseph J. Ellis. New York: Vintage Books, 2013. 265 pages. $15.95 (paperback).Revolutionary Summer presents us with the crescendo moment of American history: the months of May through October 1776 in all their confusion, uncertainty, defeat, and courage. A more conventional treatment of 1776 would include the stirring climax of the battles of Trenton and Princeton, New Jersey. Instead, this book chooses to focus on the problems surmounted and lessons learned that would eventually lead to the outcome that now seems preordained, but was far from certain at the time. In some ways, it's like a book about the Pacific War before the battle of Midway, focusing on the lessons of the holding actions and defeats rather than on the eventual glorious comeback.This book often focuses on the actions and interactions of two of the prime movers of the time: statesman and polemicist John Adams, and General George Washington. Each in his own way and in his own arena was arguably the central figure of the drama. Independence probably would have occurred without them, but at a far different pace and possibly in an altered form.The earlier action at Bunker Hill had infused the colonists with an inflated sense of the relative merits of militiamen to professional soldiers. It wasn't until the Battles of New Orleans and Fredericksburg in later wars that generals finally learned the folly of a frontal attack on entrenched positions supported by artillery. Consequently, the colonists were apt to attribute their near success against daunting odds as proof of the superiority of their fighting spirit rather than as proof of their defensive position. This is hindsight, however; and this early battle success, combined with the forced British evacuation of Boston, contributed to a feeling of overconfidence that was soon to be dissipated. Washington considered making New York into one giant version of Bunker Hill, without fully realizing that the scope of the area made the project impossible. Defense works only when it can't be flanked.The growth of Washington as a person and as a commander is a central theme of the book. Washington's obsolescent sense of personal honor, where a leader's sensibilities can have profound affects upon his army and possibly even his country, almost led to disaster in a number of precarious situations. This code of honor was learned at birth in the home of every Virginia planter and was reinforced by Washington's early exposure to British military tradition during his battle experiences in the French and Indian War. …","PeriodicalId":81429,"journal":{"name":"Historical journal of Massachusetts","volume":"43 1","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71144277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Life of William Apess, Pequot 《威廉·阿佩斯的一生》，佩科特

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2017-01-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.191677

Wesley R. Bishop

{"title":"The Life of William Apess, Pequot","authors":"Wesley R. Bishop","doi":"10.5860/choice.191677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.191677","url":null,"abstract":"The Life of William Apess, Pequot. Philip F. Gura. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 2015. 216 pages. $26.00 (cloth).Who we remember in American history, insofar as the remembrance enters popular memory, is a fraught and politically charged question. Who we remember and privilege in historical narratives says much about our own period's ideals, because it serves as a direct statement to the values we find important. In this way, Philip F. Gura has provided a much needed, and long overdue, biography on the nineteenth century Native American thinker, writer, lecturer, and activist William Apess (1798-1839). Gura's book is one of the first full-length studies dedicated to chronicling the life and development of Apess, and his study does much to both popularize the late Pequot Methodist minister and intervene into the discussion over where to place Apess in the larger antebellum world.Gura begins the study with Apess's birth into abject poverty in 1798 in Colrain, Massachusetts. After his parents separated early in life, he was sent to live with a grandparent who emotionally and physically abused him. Thanks to the intervention of town officials, Apess was pulled out of this home and placed with a series of white families in Massachusetts before becoming an indentured servant. Although conditions in these homes were better than the abuse he experienced from his own family, Apess still faced societal discrimination as a Pequot and as a person of color in relation to education opportunities and social mobility. Eventually, he broke his indentured status and ran away, joining the U.S. military during the War of 1812. Misled by the Army, Apess believed that he was joining to serve as a noncombat member of the music corps. When he was moved to the infantry he cited it as a \"breach of contract\" and deserted. He was soon arrested, brought back to the ranks, and forced to fight in Canada. \"On the subsequent march north to join other troops at Plattsburgh, New York, on Lake Champlain, the officers continually tormented him,\" Gura writes, \"In an unambiguous insult to his background, they repeatedly told him that they intended to stick his skin full of pine splinters and, after 'having an Indian pow wow' over him, then light the wood and burn him to death\" (23).Apess bore this discrimination, served his time in the military, and later claimed he was discharged. Army records contest this, however, saying he deserted again on September 14, 1814. After his time in the military, he worked odd jobs in and around Canada, falling into alcoholism, a condition that plagued him for the rest of his life. It was during this period that he became deeply religious, eventually converting to Methodism. By showing how the Methodists' openness to the marginalized in society provided a way for Apess to grow spiritually and intellectually, Gura once again integrates Apess's life into the larger context of early nineteenth century United States.Ev","PeriodicalId":81429,"journal":{"name":"Historical journal of Massachusetts","volume":"45 1","pages":"161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71028374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Homegrown Terror: Benedict Arnold and the Burning of New London 本土恐怖:本尼迪克特·阿诺德和新伦敦的燃烧

Historical journal of Massachusetts Pub Date : 2016-07-01 DOI: 10.5860/choice.191012

Stephen Donnelly

{"title":"Homegrown Terror: Benedict Arnold and the Burning of New London","authors":"Stephen Donnelly","doi":"10.5860/choice.191012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.191012","url":null,"abstract":"Homegrown Terror: Benedict Arnold and the Burning of New London. Eric D. Lehman. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2014. 261 pages. $30.00 (hardcover).Most Americans are familiar with the name Benedict Arnold and instantly associate it with the word treason. We may know that he turned traitor during the Revolutionary War in a plot involving West Point but, for most of us, that is the end of the story. Homegrown Terror corrects this knowledge gap by recounting Arnold's wartime exploits both before and after his notorious volte-face. The book convincingly levels the additional charge of domestic terrorism against Arnold and leaves little doubt that his name will remain forever infamous. This is not a revisionist history. If anything, it represents a well-deserved \"piling on\" of additional charges that have been lost, and now revived, to general knowledge and to history.The story of Benedict Arnold is akin to Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Before the war he was an affluent merchant in Norwich, Connecticut, with family and commercial ties to New London. An early \"Son of Liberty,\" during the war he participated in many battles, distinguishing himself as a legitimate hero in the effort to gain independence from Britain. He and Ethan Allen captured Fort Ticonderoga without firing a shot. He led the disastrous attack upon Quebec, which was doomed to failure anyway due to poor planning and logistics and unrealistic expectations. Ironically, he was also instrumental in beating back an early British attack on Connecticut. Arnold was the real hero of the pivotal Battle of Saratoga, though his commanding officer, Horatio Gates, gained most of the laurels.Throughout his career, early warning signs ofa difficult and prickly personality emerged. He was arrested for assaulting a Loyalist before the war began. He repeatedly threatened to resign when he did not receive promotions fast enough to keep pace with his ambition. On the personal side, he became deeply indebted and married a beautiful Tory from an affluent family. As military governor of Pennsylvania, he was known as a hothead and was charged with misconduct and peculation (embezzlement). He resigned this post, was court-martialed and acquitted, and was reprimanded by Washington. This led to his fateful correspondence with the British and the eventual betrayal of his friends, family, and country.Arnold was offered a British generalship and twenty thousand pounds to turn West Point over to his former enemies. If the conspiracy had not been discovered, it is not unreasonable to believe that the entire course of the Revolutionary War may have been upended. Control of the Hudson was considered vital to the war on both sides, analogous to control of the Mississippi River during the Civil War. Of course, the conspiracy was discovered and disaster averted, but Arnold would exact his revenge in two distinctive campaigns. …","PeriodicalId":81429,"journal":{"name":"Historical journal of Massachusetts","volume":"44 1","pages":"181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71028118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0