{"title":"Who still suffers? Effects of COVID-19 stressful experiences on somatic symptoms and anxious mood moderated by diurnal cortisol: A daily diary study","authors":"Bowen Chen, Mingjun Xie, Yanjia Zhang, Hongfeng Zhang, Nancy Xiaonan Yu, Danhua Lin","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12638","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12638","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This daily diary study drew on the allostatic load model to examine the predictive effect of COVID-19 stressful experiences (CSE) on somatic symptoms and anxious mood, as well as applying the biological sensitivity to context model to explore whether diurnal cortisol moderated the above associations. A total of 101 Chinese college students retrospectively reported CSE in October 2020, followed by 5-day diary reports on somatic symptoms and anxious mood in November 2020, with salivary cortisol collected on Days 2 to 4 to measure cortisol awakening response (CAR), diurnal cortisol slope (DCS), and daily cortisol output (area under the curve with respect to ground, AUC<sub>g</sub>). Results of multilevel models showed that greater CSE predicted more somatic symptoms but not anxious mood, which was only observed at flatter CAR, flatter DCS, or low AUC<sub>g</sub>. Furthermore, three-way interactions of CSE, CAR, and AUC<sub>g</sub> significantly predicted both somatic symptoms and anxious mood. Specifically, greater CSE predicted more somatic symptoms at flatter CAR with low AUC<sub>g</sub>, while predicting higher anxious mood at flatter CAR with high AUC<sub>g</sub>. Our findings demonstrate the long-term consequences following the prior pandemic, especially highlighting the biological vulnerability related to the synergetic effects of diurnal cortisol rhythms and daily cortisol output.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Longitudinal associations between well-being, hair cortisol, and self-reported health","authors":"Mario Lawes, Michael Eid","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12628","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12628","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This pre-registered study examines the longitudinal relationships between well-being, hair cortisol (a biomarker linked to poor health), and self-reported health. Accumulated cortisol output over three months was determined quarterly over the course of one year using hair samples. Well-being was assessed as a<i>ffective well-being</i> (via experience sampling), <i>cognitive well-being</i> (i.e., life satisfaction), and <i>eudaimonic well-being</i> (via the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being). Self-reported health was measured using one item on the current state of health. The longitudinal analyses allowed for disentangling initial between-person differences from within-person changes and were based on a large panel study of working-age people (<i>N</i> = 726). The results indicate that hair cortisol levels were generally not associated with any of the examined well-being facets, regardless of the level of analysis. Further, deviations from well-being trait levels were not linked to subsequent within-person changes in hair cortisol (and vice versa), challenging the notion that cortisol output is a key physiological pathway through which well-being improves health. In contrast, self-reported health was positively correlated with affective, cognitive, and eudaimonic well-being at both the trait and within-person levels, whereas deviations from well-being trait levels were generally not associated with subsequent within-person changes in self-reported health, and vice versa.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Jiabin, Zhu Shanshan, Lai Xiaomei, Yang Kaixin, Yu Ying
{"title":"The benefits of physical literacy for human flourishing: A machine learning–based exploration of adolescents","authors":"Lin Jiabin, Zhu Shanshan, Lai Xiaomei, Yang Kaixin, Yu Ying","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12635","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12635","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Physical literacy is a multidimensional concept considered fundamental for lifelong participation in physical activity. Although theories on the relationship between physical literacy and human flourishing have been proposed, no comprehensive study of this relationship in adolescents has been found. This study aimed to predict human flourishing variables (physical activity, physical health, mental health, and academic performance) that correlate highly with adolescents' physical literacy. A sample of 1004 primary and middle school students was recruited and six machine learning algorithms (decision tree, random forest, AdaBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and k-nearest neighbours) were used. Random forest predicted physical activity, physical health, and mental health in the overall sample, with an accuracy of 53 percent, 86 per cent, and 91.7 percent, respectively; AdaBoost predicted academic performance with an accuracy of 98 per cent. Overall sample and sex subgroup predictions were generally consistent, with “sense of self and self-control” and “self-expression and communication with others” as the most significant variables. Family-type subgroup analysis results varied greatly, suggesting that one-child families should focus on “knowledge and understanding,” whereas multi-child families should focus on “self-expression and communication with others.” Awareness of adolescents' underlying characteristics may yield greater benefits when intervening through physical literacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eric S. Kim, Ying Chen, Joanna H. Hong, Margie E. Lachman, Tyler J. VanderWeele
{"title":"Mastering the canvas of life: Identifying the antecedents of sense of control using a lagged exposure-wide approach","authors":"Eric S. Kim, Ying Chen, Joanna H. Hong, Margie E. Lachman, Tyler J. VanderWeele","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12618","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12618","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accumulating studies have documented strong associations between a higher sense of control and improved health and well-being outcomes. However, less is known about the determinants of increased sense of control. Our analysis used data from 13,771 older adults in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)—a diverse, longitudinal, and national study of adults aged >50 in the United States. Using generalized linear regression models, with a lagged exposure-wide approach, we evaluated how <i>changes</i> in 59 predictors (i.e., physical health, health behavior, and psychosocial factors) over a 4-year period (between t<sub>0</sub>;2006/2008 and t<sub>1</sub>;2010/2012) might lead to changes in sense of control another 4-years later (t<sub>2</sub>;2014/2016). After adjusting for a rich set of baseline covariates, changes in some health behaviors (e.g., sleep problems), physical health conditions (e.g., physical functioning limitations, eyesight), and psychosocial factors (e.g., positive affect, purpose in life) were associated with changes in sense of control four years later. However, there was little evidence that other factors were associated with a subsequent sense of control. A key challenge in advancing intervention development is the identification of antecedents that predict a sense of control. Our results identified several novel targets for interventions and policies aimed at increasing a sense of control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ben C. L. Yu, Jacky C. K. Ng, Floria H. N. Chio, Winnie W. S. Mak
{"title":"Does mindfulness facilitate letting be? A longitudinal investigation of nonattachment as a mediator in the association between mindfulness, well-being, and affect at trait and state levels","authors":"Ben C. L. Yu, Jacky C. K. Ng, Floria H. N. Chio, Winnie W. S. Mak","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12634","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research investigated the mediating role of nonattachment in the association between mindfulness and well-being. Study 1, a 2-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study with 2446 responses from 69 participants, showed that state mindfulness at time (<i>t</i>) − 1 was not significantly associated with nonattachment at <i>t</i> and (positive and negative) affect at <i>t</i> + 1. However, nonattachment at <i>t</i> significantly mediated the association between state mindfulness at <i>t</i> and (positive and negative) affect at <i>t</i>. Study 2, a 2-month study with three waves of measurement (<i>n</i> = 224), showed that trait mindfulness at baseline could not predict psychological well-being at 2-month follow-up through nonattachment at 1-month follow-up. However, this mediating relationship was significant when all these variables were measured at baseline. People who are mindful at one moment may experience higher nonattachment and better well-being at the same moment; the beneficial effect could not be sustained over time among people who are largely non-meditators.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11638660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Examining the network dynamics of daily movement and dietary behaviors among college students: A diary study","authors":"Chun-Qing Zhang, Jiasheng Huang","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12631","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Promoting individuals' overall health and well-being is important, and understanding the interconnections between daily movement and dietary behaviors may provide insights for developing effective health behavior interventions. In the current study, we therefore adopted a network approach to investigate the complex relationships among movement and dietary behaviors within a daily diary study. Data were collected from 101 college students over a 28-day period, assessing movement (i.e., physical exercise and sedentary behavior) and dietary (i.e., overeating, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, and snack consumption) behaviors. We employed a multilevel vector autoregressive model to analyze the within-person (temporal and contemporaneous) and between-person networks of movement and dietary behaviors. Our findings unveiled a negative association between physical exercise and sedentary behavior at both contemporaneous and between-person levels, while the interconnections among dietary behaviors displayed nuanced variations across different levels. We also found intricate relationships between movement and dietary behaviors, with sedentary behavior and sugar-sweetened beverage intake emerging as central nodes in the behavior networks. This exploratory study underscores the complex interconnections of daily health behaviors, particularly highlighting the potential roles of sedentary behavior and sugar-sweetened beverage intake in multiple behavior interventions. These preliminary findings have yet to be validated through theory-driven studies with experimental designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the role of conspiracy beliefs in oncological treatment decisions: An experimental approach","authors":"Florent Varet, Valentyn Fournier, Sylvain Delouvée","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12615","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cancer is an important issue and a model topic for misinformatfion researchers. The present research experimentally investigates the effect of cancer-related conspiracy beliefs and misinformation on oncology treatment intentions in a cancer-free population. In three pre-registered studies (<i>N</i> total = 1020), participants were asked to put themselves in the shoes of a patient recommended for chemotherapy. Study 1 (<i>N</i> = 300) failed to experimentally manipulate cancer-related conspiracy beliefs with exposure to a health scandal not related to cancer. In Study 2 (<i>N</i> = 258), exposure to a pro-conspiracy (vs. anti-conspiracy) content related to cancer treatment was associated with more conspiracy beliefs, less intention to use chemotherapy and more intentions to use unconventional medicines. Exploratory analyses revealed that these effects were conditioned by the credibility of the misinformation. Study 3 (<i>N</i> = 462) replicated these findings using a full experimental design. Exposure (vs. no exposure) to a warning and accuracy prompt, prior to exposure to the pro-conspiracy content, was found to be effective in reducing its credibility and preventing its detrimental effects. These findings corroborate the existence of an effect of conspiracy beliefs on treatment intentions in oncology and also suggest several ways to mitigate them.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aphw.12615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simon E. Blackwell, Angela Rölver, Jürgen Margraf, Marcella L. Woud
{"title":"The effect of positive mental imagery versus positive verbal thoughts on anhedonia","authors":"Simon E. Blackwell, Angela Rölver, Jürgen Margraf, Marcella L. Woud","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12626","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12626","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anhedonia, the loss of interest in and pleasure from previously enjoyable activities is a core symptom of depression and presents a major challenge to treatments. Interventions involving positive mental imagery generation have been suggested to reduce anhedonia. However, it is not clear whether the imagery component of such interventions is crucial for these effects. The current study aimed to test this by contrasting repeated generation of positive mental imagery versus positive verbal thoughts. Over a one-week period, 53 mildly anhedonic adults completed five sessions of a computerized training program involving the generation of either positive images or positive sentences. Compared to participants who generated sentences, participants who generated imagery showed greater improvements from pre- to post-training on an individualized multi-facetted measure of anhedonia (the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale), but not on standardized measures of anticipated pleasure (the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale), depression symptoms, or positive affect. The present study supports the proposal that positive imagery could provide a route to improve anhedonia, with generation of imagery in particular (as opposed to positive thoughts in general) as an important driving mechanism for these effects. This has theoretical and clinical implications for understanding the role of imagery in anhedonia and its treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aphw.12626","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selin Karakose, Martina Luchetti, Thomas Ledermann, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano, Angelina R. Sutin
{"title":"Daily relationship satisfaction and markers of health: Findings from a smartphone-based assessment","authors":"Selin Karakose, Martina Luchetti, Thomas Ledermann, Yannick Stephan, Antonio Terracciano, Angelina R. Sutin","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12627","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Relationship satisfaction is associated consistently with better physical and mental health. Less is known about these associations in daily life, particularly the association between relationship satisfaction and cognitive health. This study examined the daily, within-person association between relationship satisfaction and subjective health markers, including cognitive health. Participants from the United States (<i>N</i> = 303; <i>M</i><sub>age</sub> = 51.71, <i>SD</i> = 7.32) in the Couples Healthy Aging Project (CHAP) completed assessments of relationship satisfaction and health markers every night for eight days. Multilevel modeling was performed by accounting for personal (sex, age, race, education), relational (relationship duration), and contextual (day in the study, weekend day) factors. Within-person, on days when participants were more satisfied with their relationship, they felt healthier, younger, more satisfied with their life, and more purposeful. They also reported a sharper mind, better memory, and clearer thinking; relationship satisfaction was unrelated to whether participants were bothered and disrupted by forgetting. Results indicated that a satisfying romantic relationship is closely associated with better physical, psychological, and cognitive health markers in daily life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of a meaning in life intervention applied to work: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Diana C. Ríos, Gonzalo Hervas","doi":"10.1111/aphw.12622","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aphw.12622","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meaning-based interventions have demonstrated promising outcomes in enhancing meaning in life. However, understanding their efficacy in diverse contexts requires further research. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a meaning-based intervention in a military sample and the impact of incorporating an additional emotion regulation module into the intervention. We conducted a randomized three-group parallel trial with active-duty military personnel: a waitlist control group (<i>n</i> = 21), a meaning-based intervention group (<i>n</i> = 42), and a meaning-based intervention with emotion regulation group (<i>n</i> = 43). Both intervention groups received six 2-hour sessions and a follow-up session 4 months later. Meaning in life and work-related variables, as well as well-being, depression, emotion regulation, and work-related factors, were assessed using a mixed-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that only the meaning-based intervention with an emotion regulation component significantly increased the presence of meaning in life. We also observed a trend toward improved well-being scores over time that did not emerge for the other intervention. This study provides initial support for the efficacy of meaning-based interventions within the military context when supplemented with emotion regulation skills.</p>","PeriodicalId":8127,"journal":{"name":"Applied psychology. Health and well-being","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aphw.12622","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}