Folia veterinaria最新文献

{"title":"Pinealocytes and Glia Cells in the Pineal Gland of the African Straw-Coloured Fruit Bat (<i>Eidolon helvum</i>)","authors":"James O. Olopade, Olumayowa O. Igado, Marvellous A. Adesina, Rachael O. Folarin, Adedunsola A. Obasa","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The mammalian pineal gland is a structure that in recent years has been extensively studied, due to its functions and the hormones it produces. Bats are the only known flying mammals, with the order having a large number of species. This study was carried out to investigate the gross and histological features of the pineal gland of the Eidolon helvum , the African fruit bat, using male and female subjects. Eight free flying E. helvum (4 males, 4 females) were captured using mist nets. The pineal gland was grossly observed to be very small in size, oval in shape, and covered by the pia mater. Histological examination revealed two populations of pinealocytes – Types I and II – oval structures possessing acidophilic cytoplasm and large, round nuclei. Pinealocytes were seen to appear singly or in clusters, having no particular arrangement. Sexual dimorphism was observed, with the females having less density in population of pinealocytes at the peripheral region of the gland. This was consistent in all subjects examined. Astrocytic appearance was typical with long and slender processes, and perivascular and capsular microglia were observed. The glia cells were observed to be abundant in the parenchyma and around the capsule. There was no sensitivity to NeuN antibody. Results obtained may find application in behavioural and comparative neuroscience.","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiographic Pelvimetry in Relation to Dystocia in Bulldogs","authors":"Ľubica Horňáková, Guro Røisehagen Pettersen, Slavomír Horňák, Nela Vargová, Alexandra Valenčáková","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dystocia is a common complication of parturition in the breed of English Bulldogs, where most females are not able to have a natural parturition and many litters are delivered by caesarean section. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter of the pelvis of 11 females of English Bulldogs through radiographic pelvimetry and do proper measurements to observe if there are any correlations between a narrow pelvic canal and dystocia detected in the breed. The external parameters were also assessed to look for any differences between weight, height, and length in relation to the dystocia in the breed. The mean weight of the dogs with natural parturition was 21.25 ± 0.91 kg, whereas the females which had undergone caesarean section was 25.16 ± 1.44 kg (P = 0.0004). A P-value shows strong evidence for the hypothesis of this study as a possible factor of dystocia of the breed. The values of height and length in the category of dams which had undergone natural parturition were in cm 44.8 ± 2.48 (length) and 36.1 ± 0.98 (height). In the category of dogs which had undergone caesarean section, the parameters were in cm 45.4 ± 2.60 and 36.0 ± 1.58, respectively. The P-value for length were 0.72 for length and P-value for height were 0.83. Difference between the diameter of the pelvis in the two groups of English Bulldog females was P = 0.12, so there is no significant evidence. However, it could be significant for a possible future study with a higher number of animals for measuring pelvic diameter.","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical Application of Hypothermia in a Porcine Spinal Cord Injury Model","authors":"Igor Šulla, Slavomír Horňák, Štefánia Papcúnová","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) are catastrophic events in humans and animals. They often result in permanent loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions caudally from the site of the spinal cord (SC) lesion. The natural history of spontaneous recovery from SC trauma is disappointing and currently available therapeutic interventions fail to operate. Hence further research using bigger experimental animals or primates is necessary. The results of this study performed by the authors in 21 Göttingen-Minnesota-Liběchov female minipigs (3 sham controls, and 18 members of an experimental subgroup) showed that these animals are suitable for SCI research. All mini-pigs survived rather complex experiments carried out in general anaesthesia induced by 5 % thiopental solution administered i.v., maintained by endotracheal inhalation of 1.5 % sevoflurane with O2 as well as a subsequent 9-week monitoring period. The experimental procedures comprised of L3 laminectomy, SCI inflicted by computer-controlled metallic piston crushing the SC with 8N, 15N, or 18N force. After the SCIs there were 9 minipigs left over during the next 5.5 hours in general anaesthesia, without application of hypothermia, then the surgical wounds were sutured, and the animals were allowed to awaken under supervision. Just 30 min following SCIs was in 6 mini-pigs started with the 5-hour application of 4 °C saline via perfusion chambers placed at the epicenter of the SCI, the chambers were removed, surgical wounds sutured, and animals were allowed to awaken. Just 30 minutes following the SCIs, there was in 3 minipigs started with a 5-hour administration of ≈24 °C saline at the epicentre of the SCIs, and then the perfusion chamber was removed, surgical wounds sutured, and the animals were allowed to awaken. The 5.5-hour local hypothermia and protracted general anaesthesia required monitoring of rectal temperature, and external warming of the minipig, if the temperature dropped below 36 °C. The currently available information on the therapeutic capacity of the method, and all technical aspects of its routine employment, needs validation in further experiments and preclinical trials.","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Tet Gene-Bearing Antimicrobial-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> From Dairy Farms in Nigeria","authors":"Muhammad S. Yusuf, Junaidu Kabir, Mohammed Bello, Mohammed B. Aliyu, Daniel O. Esonu, Fatima L. Yusuf, Mohammed Babashani","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study focused on antibiotic resistance genes as emerging contaminants with potential global human health implications. Intensive livestock farming has been identified as a major contributor to the spread of resistant bacteria and genes. The study examined antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and tetracycline-resistant genes in raw milk from commercial dairy farms in Kano State. Out of 300 registered farms, 54 (18 %) were purposively sampled for the study. A total of 313 milk samples were collected and processed through enrichment and inoculation on selective media for Escherichia coli isolation. The antibiogram pattern of the isolated Escherichia coli strains was assessed using the disk diffusion method. The results revealed resistance to various antimicrobial agents, with no resistance to quinolones but high resistance to ampicillin (100 %), erythromycin (73.3 %), and tetracycline (46.7 %), among others. The multiplex polymer-ase chain reaction was conducted on all Escherichia coli isolates to detect tet genes (tet A, B, C, D, and M), and one isolate carried the tet M resistance gene, while six (40 %) others carried the tet A resistance gene. The study concludes that a significant proportion of the cultured Escherichia coli strains were resistant to one or more tested antibiotics, indicating a potential public health threat associated with Escherichia coli contamination in raw milk. We recommend implementing robust regulatory policies governing the use and sales of antimicrobials in animal production. Furthermore, we suggest further investigation into other resistant genes that these isolates might carry to better understand the extent of antibiotic resistance in the region.","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Nutrition According to Milk Metabolites and Components in Seasonal Dependence in Dairy Cows","authors":"Petra Timkovičová Lacková, Iveta Maskaľová, Vladimír Vajda, Lukáš Bujňák","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutrition according to the milk metabolites and components during the seasonal dependence of the dairy cows. In the summer time, it was confirmed that significantly lower content of milk protein and fat (P < 0.001) and lower milk, protein, and fat yields (P < 0.001) occurred, compared to the autumn period. The content of milk lactose was not statistically significant (P > 0.5). The evaluation of nutrition according to protein in milk and milk urea in the summer period was confirmed in the 2nd group of milk samples which represented 53 % of the group’s higher content of milk urea, higher content of urinary nitrogen excretion, and a lower nitrogen utilization efficiency compared to the 1st group of milk samples. The autumn period was confirmed in the 2nd group of milk samples which represented 53 % of the group with higher milk yield and lower content of milk proteins and milk fat compared to the 1st group of milk samples. The evaluation of nutrition using the analysed content of milk urea and proteins in milk represents a suitable tool for evaluating the impact of malnutrition or overfeeding of energy and protein on milk production and other components.","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"374 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animals’ Logistics and Protection with a Focus on Slaughter Animals During Transport in Accordance with the Rules","authors":"Nicol Beregszásziová, Daniela Takáčová","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper is devoted to the transport of slaughter animals. There are obstacles that needs to be pointed out, removed, and resolved. General requirements for the movement of slaughter animals within the Union have proven to be an unjustified administrative burden and costly. It also presents how important is to keep and follow all the rules provided by European Union to prevent any issues and keep the animals in good conditions and welfare during the transport. Bad conditions and not keeping the rules during animal transport can cause the stress of the animals and have a huge effect on their health. The stress can cause injuries and even a death of the animals that were healthy and had no signs of any sickness before the transfer. The main goal of the paper is to present the circumstances under which safe transport depends on choosing the correct logistical management, starting with the proper vehicles. Specific rules apply depending on the type and quantity of animals transported. The paper explains and summarizes the special establishment for road transport, including all mandatory actions, documents, and data centralisation (COMEX, TRACES, IMSOC).","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysplasia of <i>Trochlea femoris</i> in Dogs","authors":"Gabriela Kacková, Nela Vargová, Igor Šulla, Alexandra Valenčáková, Ľubica Horňáková, Slavomír Horňák","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides a comprehensive analysis of dysplasia trochlea in dogs, summarizing the most recent findings in the field and highlighting important new findings, as well as, areas that require further research. The anatomy of the knee and the trochlea femoris , as well as its function in maintaining knee joint stability, are covered in the first section. The accurate diagnosis of orthopaedic disorders, and injuries are necessary for efficient treatment, and this is made possible by understanding the anatomy of the knee. The factors that can affect the onset, development, and course of the disease are included in the section that follows, which discusses the etiology, and pathophysiology. Veterinary surgeons must measure trochlear femur dysplasia in dogs in order to determine the severity of the condition and the best course of treatment. It is typically assessed by looking at X-ray images and assigning a score, however, this can differ from one individual to another. New measurement techniques that give a better level of objectivity and precision, like CT scans or MRIs, are now being tested.","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical Markers of Liver Damage in Cattle Naturally Infected with Fasciola Hepatica","authors":"Aneta Škvareninová, Zuzana Kostecká","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fascioliasis is a worldwide spread parasitic disease with a high impact on the economy and public health in many countries. Therefore, it is important to apply prevention, effective treatment, and education campaigns, to prevent the disease. This work aimed to determine the biochemical markers of liver damage caused by Fasciola hepatica during 21 days (D0 – D21) post albendazole (ABZ) therapy in the blood sera. This study included 24 cows naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica, randomly divided into a control group (n = 12) and a group treated per os with ABZ (7.5 mg per kg body weight) (n = 12). The activity of hepatic enzymes – aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cholestatic enzymes – gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were measured in both groups. The activity of AST has significantly increased in the course of the experiment (D0 – D21) in both groups (P < 0.001). ALT activity during D0 – D21 was significantly decreased in both groups (P < 0.001). Activity of GGT was not significantly changed in the control group in the course of the experiment (P > 0.05). Contrarily, the activity of GGT in the treated group was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) during D0 – D21. The activity of GGT in the blood sera of the treated group was significantly lower in comparison with the control group in D7 and D21 (P < 0.01). This decreased GGT activity in the blood sera of the treated group may be caused by the effect of albendazole resulting in fasciola elimination and bile flow improvement. The results of ALP determination show no significant changes in ALP activity between groups. This can lead to the conclusion that the most useful marker of cholestasis caused by F. hepatica is the GGT activity and may help to evaluate the ABZ therapy effect in cattle.","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"374 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Efficiency of Diagnostic Tests Used to Prove Giardiasis in Terms of their Practicality and Use in the Veterinary Clinical Practice","authors":"Michaela Kaduková, Schreiberová Andrea, Štrkolcová Gabriela","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Giardiasis is a protozoan disease that affects the health of animals, as well as other humans all over the world. Based on its host spectrum and genetic variability, Giardia duodenalis is classified into 8 assemblages (A–H). The present study was aimed at comparing the efficiency of the three most frequently used methods (the flotation method, the SNAP test and the ELISA assay) for the detection of giardiasis in carnivores in terms of the applicability thereof for the scientific purposes and the practicality of their application in the veterinary clinical practice. In the period from March 2020 to February 2022, a total of 173 faecal samples (141 samples collected from shelter dogs; 28 samples from pet dogs; and 6 samples from working dogs) were examined by applying the flotation method. The prevalence of Giardia duodenalis identified by the flotation method was 25 %. The SNAP test conducted with the fresh faecal samples revealed the high-level efficiency of 96 %, whereas the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) achieved the efficiency of 65 %. By applying the nested PCR method, five samples were positively tested for assemblages C and D ( G. canis ) by the amplification of the bg and tpi loci. The dogs from shelters which were positive for G. duodenalis were also presented with a coinfection caused by other intestinal parasites, such as Trichuris vulpis (28.0 %) and parasites from the Ancylostomatidae family (8.0 %).","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, Activity and Control Options Against Biting Midges (Diptera: <i>Culicoides</i>) in Horses","authors":"Richard Pavlík, Alica Kočišová, Andrea Schreiberová, Zuzana Kasičová, Nikola Janošková","doi":"10.2478/fv-2023-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2023-0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Biting midges are insects which annoy horses as they cause discomfort and by the sucking of blood, they cause painful lesions that, in certain cases, can trigger acute allergic reactions. They also act as potential vectors of many pathogens of bacterial, viral and parasitic origin. The aim of this study was to investigate seasonal dynamics, abundance and species composition of biting midges, and implementing protection options at the Equestrian centre of the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy (UVMP) in Košice in the years 2021 and 2022. During this time period (of 2021 and 2022), we captured 4797 biting midges. Our results showed that in 2021 the most frequently captured species were C. obsoletus/C. scoticus (prevalence 86.6 %), followed by C. punctatus and C. pulicaris (prevalence 5.37 % and 3.86 %, resp.). In addition, C. lupicaris , C. newsteadi , C. furcillatus , C. festivipennis , C. slovacus , C. tauricus , C. clastrieri , C. dewulfi , C. fagineus and C. circumscriptus were identified as the minority species. In this year, the highest abundance of these insects (1758 biting midges) was observed at the end of June. In 2022, we detected a clear dominance of C. obsoletus/C. scoticus (prevalence 97.0 %) and the highest number of biting midges (655) was captured in mid-May). In this year, the minority species included, C. pulicaris , C. punctatus and C. lupicaris . The identification of the host blood showed that man (Homo sapiens) was the dominant host, namely of 80 % of the examined biting midges of species C. obsoletus/C. scoticus , C. dewulfi , C. punctatus and C. festivipennis . In one female of species C. fagineus we identified the host blood from horses (Equus caballusi) . In 2022, we detected the blood of a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the species of C. obsoletus/C. scoticus .","PeriodicalId":81274,"journal":{"name":"Folia veterinaria","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135639952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}