AppliedChem最新文献

{"title":"Cytotoxic Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Eco-Friendly Extracted Flavonoids from Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Sanjappa & Pradeep and Trifolium pratense L. Flowers Using HPLC-DAD-MS/HRMS","authors":"S. Aboushanab, V. Shevyrin, V. V. Melekhin, E. I. Andreeva, O. G. Makeev, E. Kovaleva","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem3010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3010009","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing prospective phytochemical investigations and biological activities on Pueraria lobata and Trifolium pratense flowers exhibited their nutritional (food industry) pharmaceutical (anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, etc.) potentials. Previous studies paid great attention to the screening of isoflavones profile from phytochemicals. This study, in contrast, aimed at identifying the flavonoids from Pueraria lobata flowers or kudzu flower (KF) and Trifolium pratense flowers or red clover (RC) flowers and determining their cytotoxic activities on normal; (HEK-293) and cancer cell lines; human glioblastoma (A-172), osteosarcoma (HOS), embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (Rd), lung carcinoma (A-549) and liver carcinoma (HepG2). The phytochemical screening using a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF/MS) showed that 15 flavonoids, including isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, and flavanones, were identified in KF and 8 flavonoids, including isoflavones and flavonols, were found in RC. Nevertheless, the majority of flavonoid chemical constituents in KF or RC were found to be isoflavones (66.6%) and (62.5%), respectively. HPLC-DAD analysis following eco-friendly extraction of phytochemicals showed that KF contains mainly daidzein and genistein, while RC contains primarily formononetin and biochanin A. Cytotoxic activities evaluated according to IC50 values exhibited the most pronounced dose-dependent antiproliferative effect of KF and RC extracts were against HOS and Rd cancer cell lines, respectively. Accordingly, the morphological observation carried out using acridine orange/ethidium bromide and Giemsa stains revealed apoptotic activities and cell death in HOS and Rd cell lines when subjected to KF or RC extracts. Cytotoxic activities and apoptotic changes were pronounced among all cancer cell lines except for the control cells (HEK-293). Additionally, various polyphenols and flavonoids were identified and quantified in KF and RC extracts and exhibited potent radical scavenging activities. Overall, this study suggests that KF and RC could be valuable edible sources of flavonoids. The comprehensive flavonoid profiles for KF and RC may explain their remarkable biological activities and contribution to inducing antioxidant and cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines.","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87811942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Antioxidant Activity, Lipid Profile, and Minerals of the Skin and Seed of Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.), Pistachios (Pistacia vera) and Almonds (Prunus dulcis)—A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Duha Mohammed, A. Freije, Hawra Abdulhussain, Aysha Khonji, Mariam Hasan, C. Ferraris, C. Gasparri, Mona A. Aziz Aljar, A. Ali Redha, A. Giacosa, M. Rondanelli, S. Perna","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem3010008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3010008","url":null,"abstract":"Nuts are dry, single-seeded fruits with a combination of beneficial compounds that aid in disease prevention and treatment. The aims of this research are to evaluate the total antioxidant activity (AI) by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, fatty acids by acid-catalyzed esterification method, and minerals by inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICP-OE) spectrometer in hazelnuts, pistachios, and almond seeds and skins. Considering total AI, the results demonstrated that the highest activity was found in hazelnut and pistachio skin. The results considering minerals demonstrated that manganese, zinc, and iron levels are high in almond and hazelnut skins, copper is dominant in pistachio skin and hazelnut seed, and selenium is high in pistachio and almond skins and seed. Finally, the results showed palmitic acid is present in almond skin and pistachio seed, palmitoleic acid is high in almond and pistachio skins, and stearic acid is present in almond and hazelnut skins. Oleic acid was found in hazelnut seeds and their skin, linoleic acid in almond skin and pistachio seeds, and α-linolenic acid in almond and pistachio skins. In conclusion, hazelnut, pistachio, and almond skins are a great source of antioxidants, minerals, and healthy fatty acids, making them useful for nutraceutical development.","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81566506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Synthesis of Silicon Compounds—From the Beginning to Green Chemistry Revolution","authors":"Daria Pakuła, B. Marciniec, R. Przekop","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem3010007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3010007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the historical beginnings and the current state of knowledge of the synthesis of organosilicon compounds and chlorine derivatives of silicon. The key importance of these compounds for modern industry, including the semiconductor industry (photovoltaic cells, microprocessors, memory chips and many other electronic elements) is highlighted. Significant environmental threats related to the production of these compounds and the research challenges aimed at their elimination are discussed. The complexity of the catalytic mechanism of direct reaction of silicon with CH3Cl and alcohols is presented in an accessible way. In the last part of the work, the directions of the development of direct synthesis technology in line with the principles of green chemistry are indicated.","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80875427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volatile Aroma Compounds of Gavina® Watermelon (Citrullus Lanatus L.) Dietary Fibers to Increase Food Sustainability","authors":"Veronica D’Eusanio, Laura Maletti, A. Marchetti, F. Roncaglia, L. Tassi","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem3010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3010006","url":null,"abstract":"To deal with climate emergency and reduce environmental impact, agro-industrial wastes are gradually gaining interest and are being used for new products and applications. The large production of watermelons represents an opportunity because of the many byproducts that can be transformed into innovative and valuable foodstuffs. In this study, we examined the lycopene-rich whole dietary fiber (WDF) obtained from the watermelon pomace of a peculiar cultivar, Gavina® (Oristano, Italy) a seedless fruit from Sardinia (Italy). The volatile chemical composition of the WDF was investigated using Solid-Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). The aim was to follow the evolution of the Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) fraction during storage and verify its stability over time. Since watermelon is an excellent source of carotenoids, their byproducts were the most abundant VOCs of the freshly prepared samples, but their overall abundance decreased significantly during storage. The opposite trend was observed for acids and aldehydes, whose increase over time is related to amino acid degradation. Freshly prepared WDF can be used in the food industry as an antioxidant-rich dietary fiber that imparts a characteristic and pleasant aroma. Over time, its aroma profile and carotenoid content change considerably, reducing its health properties and limiting its potential application as a natural flavor.","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86706403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment to the Reviewers of AppliedChem in 2022","authors":"","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem3010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3010005","url":null,"abstract":"High-quality academic publishing is built on rigorous peer review [...]","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73733689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Storage: Equilibrium Study of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier System 1-Methylindole/octahydro-1-methylindole","authors":"Sergey V. Vostrikov, M. E. Konnova, V. Turovtsev, K. Müller, J. Bara, S. P. Verevkin","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem3010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3010004","url":null,"abstract":"Methylated indoles could be potentially interesting components for hydrogen (H2) storage based on the Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) approach. It is likely that the methylated forms will preserve the beneficial thermochemical characteristics of indole compared to homocyclic LOHCs. At the same time, 1-methyl-indole is expected to have a higher stability than indole in the reactive cycle of hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. This study investigates whether the expectations regarding reaction thermodynamics and stability are justified. To this end, the chemical equilibria of the hydrogenation (+H2)/dehydrogenation (−H2) reactions of the indole/octahydroindole LOHC system was determined experimentally over a wide range of temperature, pressure, and hydrogen:feedstock ratio. Reaction thermodynamics were calculated from the relationship between temperature and equilibrium constant. In addition, the formation enthalpies of the species involved in the reaction have been determined experimentally utilizing combustion calorimetry. Further validation has been achieved using high-level quantum chemical methods. The evaluation confirms both hypotheses: (1) 1-methyl-indole exhibits less decomposition during reaction as is the case for the indole system. Hence, an improved stability of methylated LOHC molecules can be concluded; (2) The enthalpy of reaction for H2 release from octahydro-1-methyl-indole is estimated from the equilibrium experiments and calorimetric measurements to be about +55.6 kJ mol(H2)−1 for reaction in the liquid phase at standard conditions. This is comparable to the values observed for octahydro-indole.","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75250614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an Ion-Associate Phase Formed In Situ from the Aqueous Phase by Adding Benzethonium Chloride and Sodium Ethylbenzenesulfonate for Microextraction","authors":"N. Hata, Akane Igarashi, Rie Yasui, Maho Matsushita, Nozomi Kohama, Tomoka Komiyama, Kazuto Sazawa, H. Kuramitz, S. Taguchi","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem3010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3010003","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration region at which the solvent is formed during in situ solvent formation microextraction is determined by varying the concentrations of the two components required to form a solvent. In particular, a solvent is formed in situ during ion-associate phase (IAP) microextraction by mixing an aqueous solution with an organic cation and an organic anion. In this study, benzethonium chloride (BenCl) and sodium ethylbenzenesulfonate (NaEBS) were employed as the organic cation and anion sources of model IAPs to thoroughly investigate the in situ solvent formation. Additionally, the formation of the IAPs and the solvent via centrifugation of the formed ion associates was examined. We demonstrated that ion associates are formed when the product of [EBS] and [Ben] is greater than the solubility product and [EBS] is greater than [Ben]. The highest extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was achieved with an amount of NaEBS 40 times greater than that of BenCl. A higher hydrophobicity in the IAP extraction of PAHs, estrogens, and pesticides facilitated extraction into the IAP.","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87617776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-Eye Solution for the Discrimination of Common and Niche Celery Ecotypes","authors":"A. Biancolillo, M. Foschi, A. A. D’Archivio","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem3010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3010001","url":null,"abstract":"Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a well- known plant and at the basis of the culinary tradition of different populations. In Italy, several celery ecotypes, presenting unique peculiarities, are grown by small local producers, and they need to be characterized, in order to be protected and safeguarded. The present work aims at developing a fast and non-destructive method for the discrimination of a common celery (the \"Elne\" celery) from a typical celery of Abruzzo (Central Italy). The proposed strategy is based on the use of an e-eye tool which allows the collection of images used to infer colorgrams. Initially, a principal component analysis model was used to investigate the trends and outliers in the data. Then, the classification between the common celery (Elne class) and celery from Torricella Peligna (Torricella class) was achieved by a discriminant analysis, conducted by sequential preprocessing through orthogonalization (SPORT) and sequential and orthogonalized covariance selection (SO-CovSel) and by a class-modelling method called soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCAs). Among these, the highest accuracy was provided by the strategies, based on the discriminant classifiers, both of which provided a total accuracy of 82% in the external validation.","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"88 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91124581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endotoxins Affecting Human Health during Agricultural Practices: An Overview","authors":"B. Chhetry, K. Dewangan, D. Mahato, P. Kumar","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem3010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem3010002","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural operations and the processing sector generate dust laden with endotoxin in the workplace. Endotoxin, a pro-inflammatory agent, has adverse effects on health, especially in the lungs, as exposure to endotoxin reduces lung function capacity. Endotoxin exposure to workers and its harmful impact on the health of agricultural workers needs to be studied in detail for future interventions to reduce exposure to endotoxin. The review can help to identify the analytical methods used to determine endotoxin exposure in agriculture. A detailed study of the research articles published in the last two decades related to agriculture and allied fields was carried out. In the agricultural sector, Pantoea agglomerans, a Gram-negative bacterium, was predominantly present. The filters were stored at a temperature of −20 °C, and E. coli 055: B5 was the predominately used standard to analyze the endotoxin. The quantitative kinetic Limulus Amebocyte Lysate test was the most common detection method for quantifying endotoxin. Control strategies to reduce endotoxin exposure are also emphasized in this review.","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83824177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Potential of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon) and Impact on Gut Microbiota","authors":"Hafiza Sehrish Kiani, Akhtar Ali, Shama Zahra, Zain ul Hassan, K. Kubra, M. Azam, H. F. Zahid","doi":"10.3390/appliedchem2040016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/appliedchem2040016","url":null,"abstract":"Phytochemicals are versatile plant secondary metabolites with therapeutic properties. In this review, we explore lemongrass’s phytochemistry and pharmacological potential (Cymbopogon) as well as its impact on gut microbiota. Lemongrass is well-known for its antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-mutagenicity, anxiolytic properties, and for its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities. Therefore, it is widely used in pharmaceuticals, food, feed, and the cosmetics industry. Lemongrass contains phenolic metabolites (including phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans), terpenoids, and alkaloids, which are potent bioactive ingredients. Lemongrass is a precious medicinal plant. Furthermore, lemongrass phytochemicals are considered potential agents to improve health by establishing a balanced gut ecosystem. Lemongrass is considered a quintessential food and feed additive at the industrial level, since there are no issues with residue or toxins. Lemongrass powder and essential oils are used to modulate the gut ecosystem by generating anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant responses, increasing the optimum nutrient absorption in the gut system. This review will further explore lemongrass’s phytochemical, pharmacological, and therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":8123,"journal":{"name":"AppliedChem","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72939078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}