Aquacultural Engineering最新文献

{"title":"A descriptive study of carbon dioxide production and removal in full-scale RAS for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolt: A comparison of two different measurement methods for CO2","authors":"Leila Jafari ,&nbsp;Sveinung Fivelstad ,&nbsp;Kari Attramadal ,&nbsp;Håkon Flataker ,&nbsp;Pernille Mjaatvedt ,&nbsp;Anne Berit Olsen ,&nbsp;Melissa Chierici ,&nbsp;Camilla Diesen Hosfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reliable data on metabolic rates and CO₂ removal efficiency are essential for fish welfare in intensive production and RAS design. This descriptive study at a commercial post-smolt production facility evaluates two full-scale land-based RAS with different salinity levels: Module1 (M1) (2.5 ± 0.46‰ salinity) and Module2 (M2) (13.6 ± 0.46‰ salinity, with two separate RAS units, M2-RAS1, and M2-RAS2). Over eight weeks, water quality parameters were monitored in different places in the systems. CO₂ concentrations were measured with an OxyGuard probe and calculated from total inorganic carbon (TIC). As fish biomass and feed load increased in both modules over time, CO₂ concentrations increased and pH decreased, despite bicarbonate addition. In M1, CO₂ levels increased from 6.2 to 16.4 mg L⁻¹, while in M2, levels remained between 3.5 and 7.2 mg L⁻¹. Apparent CO₂ production, calculated from TIC, averaged at 5.2 ± 0.93 mg CO₂ kg fish⁻¹ min⁻¹ in M1, and 3.2 ± 1.25 and 4.0 ± 1.45 mg CO₂ kg fish⁻¹ min⁻¹ in M2-RAS1 and M2-RAS2 respectively. At the same time, the theoretical CO₂ production rates showed a value of 4.4 ± 0.73, 4.2 ± 0.38, and 3.9 ± 0.71 mg CO₂ kg fish⁻¹ min⁻¹ in M1, M2-RAS1, and M2-RAS2 respectively. The theoretical feed-to-CO₂ conversion weight-to-weight ratio was estimated to be 0.345. However, M1 exhibited a higher measured feed-to-CO₂ conversion ratio of 0.418, while M2-RAS1 and M2-RAS2 displayed ratios of 0.261 and 0.346, respectively. Observed CO₂ (%) removal changed from 40% to 54% in M1, from 17% to 46% in M2-RAS1, and 26–44%, in M2-RAS2 over the observation period. This study suggests a significant role of the moving bed biofilter in CO₂ removal, however, the effect size varied during the study and between modules, warranting further investigation. On average, 38% of CO₂ removal before the degasser occurred within the biofilter in M1, and 49% in both RAS systems in M2. The total carbonate levels fluctuated over time, making it challenging to determine a clear increase or decrease, likely due to manual and varying bicarbonate additions. The two methods for assessing CO₂ generally revealed minor differences and need more assessment. The prevalence of nephrocalcinosis was significantly more pronounced in M1 (73%), than in M2 (11%), which could be related to the difference in the CO₂ level between the fish tanks. This study provides valuable insights into CO₂ dynamics that may be useful in RAS design and operation for optimizing water quality and fish welfare.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102442"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860924000530/pdfft?md5=a71a6f95b4574ded76d1a87c2b28469b&pid=1-s2.0-S0144860924000530-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of solid wastes from sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) in intensive culture","authors":"John Colt ,&nbsp;Ronald B. Johnson","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sablefish (<em>Anoplopoma fimbria</em>) is a Pacific marine species that adapts well to aquaculture, grows extremely fast, and command a high market price. Because of environmental and regulatory concerns, increased production of this species is likely to occur in land-based systems. Little is known about the waste production characteristics of sablefish, information that will have a critical impact on the design of aeration, solid removal, and biofilter design for this species. It was found that the concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) in the effluent was extremely low and the mean TSS ranged from 0.9 to 1.7 mg/L. Compared to other important culture fish, sablefish produce significantly less fecal solids (5.2–7.9 % based on feed inputs) and less of their solids settled out (57.3–65.8 % of total suspended solids). TSS production following feeding of a special feed for reuse systems was significantly higher (51.9 %) compared to fish fed a conventional diet. The reduced production of TSS by sablefish is due to higher apparent digestibility coefficients and possible production of wastes that are not retained on the standard filter used for TSS analysis. Additional rinsing of the filters to remove salt and the use of large sampling volumes can significantly improve the accuracy of TSS analysis for marine culture species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141845055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental performance of Penaeus vannamei shrimp production in intensive and super-intensive biofloc systems","authors":"Marcos Souza de Almeida ,&nbsp;Juliana Rosa Carrijo ,&nbsp;Plínio Schmidt Furtado ,&nbsp;Geraldo Kipper Fóes ,&nbsp;Wilson Wasielesky Jr ,&nbsp;André Luiz Braga ,&nbsp;Régio Marcio Toesca Gimenes ,&nbsp;Luís Henrique Poersch ,&nbsp;Clandio Favarini Ruviaro","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shrimp farms worldwide have been responsible for a series of social and environmental issues that affect their surrounding regions. Modern aquaculture seeks to achieve sustainable growth that offers a balance between environmental, economic, and social perspectives, and new aquaculture technologies have been developed and improved in recent decades. One such innovation is the biofloc technology (BFT) system, which is considered an alternative to conventional aquaculture because it allows for aquatic organism production with minimal water exchange, high stocking densities, and the possibility of high levels of productivity. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most common methodologies used to compare the environmental performance of different systems, considering resource consumption and the emission of pollutants during the productive life cycle. The present study uses LCA to compare the environmental performance of <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> shrimp production in two BFT systems, an intensive system in a pond and a super-intensive system in a greenhouse. The Functional Unit used was 1.0 ton of shrimp (animals with an average final weight of 12 g). The boundaries of the system were defined as from the cradle to the farm gate. Input data related to the use of natural resources, energy consumption, and environmental emissions were obtained over eight cycles of intensive and super-intensive production. The following results were obtained for intensive and super-intensive systems, respectively: global warming (GWP100a) 5691.12 and 5512.42 kg CO₂ eq; acidification 59.57 and 59.05 kg SO₂-eq; eutrophication 25.96 and 25.80 kg PO₄ eq; ozone layer depletion (OLP) 0.000319 and 0.000311 kg CFC-11 eq; human toxicity 1165.98 and 1233.33 kg 1.4-DB-eq; aquatic ecotoxicity 1344.13 and 1925.96 kg 1.4-DB eq; marine ecotoxicity 1881,643.65 and 2070,517.23 kg 1.4-DB eq; terrestrial ecotoxicity 24.26 and 33.54 kg 1.4-DB eq; photochemical oxidation 2.10 and 2.03 kg C₂H₄ eq; abiotic depletion 0.006487 and 0.008359 kg Sb eq; abiotic depletion of fossil fuels 35,612.80 and 34,504.39 MJ. Among the eleven evaluated impact categories, the intensive system showed better results in five categories, while the super-intensive system showed better performance in six categories. Feed (reference diet) was the most significant factor in the environmental performance of the evaluated systems. Based on these results, we conclude that feed and electricity had the most environmental impact in both systems. In general, when comparing the use of production factors and productivity between the systems, it becomes more evident that the SS is more efficient than the SI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 102434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141951793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and optimization of a head-to-tail orientation device for freshwater fry","authors":"Chen Li ,&nbsp;Wei Luo ,&nbsp;Kang Wu ,&nbsp;Junyang Chen ,&nbsp;Musa Abubakar Tadda ,&nbsp;Songming Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhangying Ye ,&nbsp;Jianping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The head-to-tail orientation is an important part of the automatic injection of fish vaccines. However, it is characterized by being labour-intensive, with a poor working environment and low working efficiency. To solve the above mentioned problems, a freshwater fry head-to-tail orientation device has been designed. This paper took grass carp fry as the object of the study, described the working principle of the liquid bridge, analyzed the forces at key stages, measured the length and bending radius of the fry, and clarified the main factors affecting the efficiency of orientation. With roller radius, conveyor speed, and inclination angle as test factors and orientation success rate as the test index, single factor analysis and orthogonal testing were carried out on the orientation device to study the influence of each parameter on the test index. The optimal parameter combination was obtained. The test results showed that the highest orientation success rate was achieved when the drum radius was 50 mm, the line speed was 0.8 m/s, and the inclination of the conveyor belt was −6°. The orientation mechanism was experimentally verified with this combination of parameters, and the orientation success rate was 99.5 %. The device was simple in structure and could meet the requirements of the head-to-tail orientation of the mechanized injection of fish fry. It provided a reference and the basis for designing the head-to-tail orientation device for a freshwater fish fry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of nursery Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae in a BFT system enriched with Rhizoma coptidis broth","authors":"Jincheng Lao ,&nbsp;Yuqing Chen ,&nbsp;Hongxin Tan ,&nbsp;Wenchang Liu ,&nbsp;Guozhi Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102430","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The shrimp farming industry has historically been limited by outbreaks of bacterial diseases. The current study aimed to investigate the performance of adding <em>Rhizoma coptidis</em> (<em>R. coptidis</em>), an herbal medicine, to the biofloc system of <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> culture. A broth of boiled <em>R. coptidis</em> was added to four experimental groups (C0 (control), C2, C4, and C6, with respective dry weights of 0, 2, 4, and 6 g/L <em>R. coptidis</em>). The results showed that the nitrase and dehydrogenase activities of the biofloc enriched with <em>R. coptidis</em> were enhanced compared to the control group. Shrimp reared in the systems enriched with <em>R. coptidis</em> showed significantly better growth performance, digestion, and immune enzyme activity and a lower food conversion ratio compared to the control group. The mortality rate for Groups C4 and C6 in a Vibrio infection test was less than 50 %, while Group C0 experienced 100 % mortality. There were no significant differences in ammonia or nitrite concentration among the treatment groups. These results suggested better performance of nursery <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em> post-larvae in BFT systems by enrichment with 4 g/L <em>R. coptidisL</em> broth.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141482792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilities pond aquaculture system construction and the ecological economy analyzed","authors":"Hao Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhao-Jun Gu ,&nbsp;Guo-Feng Cheng ,&nbsp;Xing-Guo Liu ,&nbsp;Rong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pond aquaculture is the main form of aquaculture worldwide. However, there are problems with water quality being difficult to control, discharge pollution, low production quality, etc. Therefore, an efficient, low-carbon, and controllable pond system should be established. In this paper, we introduce two facilities’ pond systems: a segregated pond aquaculture system (SPA) and a batch pond aquaculture system (BPA). In these two systems, we evaluated a rearing period with bream (<em>Megalobrama amblycephala</em>) and detected ecological and economic indexes such as yield, nitrogen and phosphorus conversion efficiency, and energy utilization efficiency in different aquaculture pond systems. The results showed that the yields of the SPA and BPA were 12.81 % and 74.29 %, respectively, greater than those of traditional ponds. The feed conversion ratios (FCRs) of the BPA and SPA were 1.8 and 2.1, respectively, but those of the traditional ponds were 2.3. The proportions of nitrogen converted to fish in the SPA, BPA, and traditional ponds were 29.67 %, 33.45 %, and 26.19 %, respectively, and the percentages of phosphorus converted to fish in the SPA, BPA and traditional ponds were 53.68 %, 63.38 %, and 52.20 %, respectively. With the production of 1 kg of aquatic products, the utilization of solar and feed energy in the SPA, BPA, and traditional ponds was 60.28 ± 1.12 MJ/kg, 66.59 ±0.26 MJ/kg, and 37.05 ±1.33 MJ/kg, respectively. In addition, the SPA and BPA can also use 60 % less water, reduce wastewater discharge by 80 % and use 35 % less land. These results showed that construction facility pond systems could improve pond aquaculture efficiency and have great development potential.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat bran addition methods in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) biofloc systems","authors":"Apriana Vinasyiam ,&nbsp;Julie Ekasari ,&nbsp;Johan W. Schrama ,&nbsp;Marc C.J. Verdegem ,&nbsp;Fotini Kokou","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Incorporating non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) as a slowly degradable carbohydrate source in pelleted feed can simplify biofloc system management, compared to external carbon addition. NSP-containing ingredients like wheat bran synchronizes carbon input with the system organic matter dynamics compared to simple sugars. This study evaluated the effect of two methods of addition of an NSP-rich carbon source, wheat bran, to a Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>) biofloc system; supplementation via feed (wheat bran diet; WBdiet) and direct addition to the water (CONdiet+WB). The amount and composition of the total nutrient input to each mesocosm of the treatments was the same. A digestibility and a growth experiment were carried out separately for 35 and 42 days, respectively. The nutrient digestibility was overall lower in shrimp fed the WBdiet compared to the CONdiet, but without an effect on shrimp final weight, production, and survival. When comparing the methods of addition, neither of the approaches altered the shrimp nutritional quality. As expected, a difference in faecal C:N ratio was observed; 21 vs. 17 for WBdiet and CONdiet, respectively. The difference in faeces composition did not affect biofloc quantity, quality, and chlorophyll-a concentrations, and resulted in comparable water quality and microbial activity. Our study concluded that both NSP-addition methods, either via feed or via the water, were equally effective. When compared to the traditional addition of carbohydrate to the water, supplementing NSP-containing carbon sources via the feed can be a more efficient approach in terms of labour and feeding management practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0144860924000487/pdfft?md5=e55c7c4a4f35bf598e78b9fefc823ef6&pid=1-s2.0-S0144860924000487-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141485702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic characteristics analysis of series hydraulic cyclone separators for pond aquaculture wastewater purification","authors":"Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Haowei Liu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Yao ,&nbsp;Shouqi Cao ,&nbsp;Xingguo Liu ,&nbsp;Guofeng Cheng ,&nbsp;Qingsong Hu ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study introduces a series of hydraulic cyclone separators designed to efficiently remove sediments and other high-density particulate matter from pond aquaculture wastewater. A three-dimensional two-phase model of these hydraulic cyclone separators was developed using the discrete phase model (DPM) and Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM) based on numerical simulation theory. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was validated by comparing it with experimental data, and an analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the hydraulic cyclone separators was conducted. Furthermore, the relationships between structural parameters and separation efficiency were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The findings reveal that the length of the first-stage cyclone column significantly influences the tangential velocity distribution within the second-stage cyclone, while the length of the second-stage cyclone column predominantly affects the pressure distribution of the first-stage cyclone. Increasing the column length enhances the overall particulate separation efficiency of the system. Moreover, adjustments in the split ratio of the first-stage cyclone have a notable impact on the tangential velocity and pressure distribution within the second-stage cyclone. Increasing the split ratio proves beneficial in improving the separation efficiency of particulate matter. This study provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of hydraulic cyclone separators, offering a dependable computational model for predicting and understanding their flow behavior and separation performance effectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141408805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing flow uniformity and velocity fields in aquaculture tanks by modifying water inlets and nozzles arrangement: A computational fluid dynamics study","authors":"Milad Mohammadi Moghadam ,&nbsp;Houman Rajabi Islami ,&nbsp;Mojtaba Ezam ,&nbsp;Seyed Abdolmajid Mousavi","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ensuring optimal conditions for fish, especially in terms of uniform velocity fields, is crucial for aquaculture systems to attain self-cleaning efficiency in rearing tanks and better fish behavior, which ultimately impacts their survival and growth. The current study presented a full-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of three types of circular, square and square arc angle tanks used in aquaculture farms to choose the most optimal tank based on the flow uniformity and velocity field. At the next step, the optimal arrangement of the inlet number, inlet location, inlet angle, as well as the number of nozzles on each inlet was reconfigured to create the most optimal tank. The simulations were done using the CFD software FLUENT distributed by the ANSYS Corporation. The software calculates velocities in the tanks by solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations of continuity and momentum that govern the mean turbulent flow of water. The results illustrated circular and square arc angle tanks had significantly more uniform fluid velocity compared to the square tanks, which the square arc angle tank due to better flow velocity near the wall and space utilization was selected for further rearrangements. Additionally, the implementation of two entrance pipes near the corner of the two parallel walls with an entry angle of 0° in a square arc angle tank resulted in a more consistent water velocity. As the number of inlet nozzles increased to six, the water streamlines became more uniform, suggesting a more consistent water velocity throughout the tank. However, when the number of input nozzles increased to nine, the tension on the nozzle apertures were increased probably due to the decrease of distance between them. Findings of the present study concluded that two inlets in the corner with an entry angle of 0° and six nozzles on each inlet pipe could provide the optimum water velocity in the square arc angle tanks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102431"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time ammonia estimation in recirculating aquaculture systems: A data assimilation approach","authors":"Alaa Jamal ,&nbsp;Ahmed Nasser ,&nbsp;Jaap van Rijn","doi":"10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaeng.2024.102432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recirculating aquaculture systems offer sustainable fish production but face challenges related to ammonia levels. Ammonia, particularly the un-ionized fraction, NH3, can negatively impact fish growth and health. Traditional ammonia estimation methods, including offline analyses and affordable, yet inaccurate, in-situ measurements, lack the ability to provide reliable real-time insights. Data assimilation combines simulation models and in-situ measurements to provide more accurate estimations. In this study, we demonstrate a novel approach using data assimilation to enhance real-time ammonia estimation in RAS. First, ammonia dynamics are described by forming equations that constitute a simulation model, based on the feeding amounts and the biofilter removal rate parameters. Then, an extended Kalman filter is presented and customized to integrate the simulation model and total ammonia nitrogen measurements for estimating NH3, NH4+, and biofilter parameters. We validated our method through synthetic and laboratory case studies and demonstrated its superior estimation capability as compared to in situ measurements or simulation models. Furthermore, improved ammonia estimation led to improved current and future fish weight estimations, which can be essential for reliable RAS management. The proposed approach facilitates wider adoption of DA in challenging estimations in aquaculture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8120,"journal":{"name":"Aquacultural Engineering","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 102432"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}