Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science最新文献_第8页

Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments 作为暗物质的原始黑洞：最新进展

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-06-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-050520-125911

B. Carr, Florian Kuhnel

引用次数: 780

Theoretical Prediction of Presupernova Neutrinos and Their Detection 前超新星中微子的理论预测及其探测

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-040620-021320

Chinami Kato, K. Ishidoshiro, T. Yoshida

引用次数: 14

What Can We Learn About QCD and Collider Physics from $mathcal {N}=4$ Super Yang–Mills? 我们能从$mathcal {N}=4$ Super Yang-Mills中学到什么关于QCD和对撞机物理?

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-05-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102819-100428

J. Henn

{"title":"What Can We Learn About QCD and Collider Physics from $mathcal {N}=4$ Super Yang–Mills?","authors":"J. Henn","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102819-100428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102819-100428","url":null,"abstract":"Tremendous ongoing theory efforts are dedicated to developing new methods for quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations. Qualitative rather than incremental advances are needed to fully exploit data that are still to be collected at the LHC. The maximally supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, 𝒩=4 super Yang–Mills (sYM), shares with QCD the gluon sector, which contains the most complicated Feynman graphs but also has many special properties and is believed to be solvable exactly. It is natural to ask what we can learn from advances in 𝒩=4 sYM for addressing difficult problems in QCD. With this in mind, I review several remarkable developments and highlights of recent results in 𝒩=4 sYM. This includes all-order results for certain scattering amplitudes, novel symmetries, surprising geometrical structures of loop integrands, novel tools for the calculation of Feynman integrals, and bootstrap methods. While several insights and tools have already been carried over to QCD and have contributed to state-of-the-art calculations for LHC physics, I argue that there is a host of further fascinating ideas waiting to be explored. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 71 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48886324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

What Is the Top Quark Mass? 什么是最高夸克质量？

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-04-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023530

A. Hoang

{"title":"What Is the Top Quark Mass?","authors":"A. Hoang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023530","url":null,"abstract":"This review provides an overview of the conceptual issues regarding the interpretation of so-called direct top quark mass measurements, which are based on the kinematic reconstruction of top quark decay products at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These measurements quote the top mass parameter [Formula: see text] of Monte Carlo event generators with current uncertainties of around 0.5 GeV. The problem of finding a rigorous relation between [Formula: see text] and top mass renormalization schemes defined in field theory is unresolved to date and touches perturbative as well as nonperturbative aspects and the limitations of state-of-the-art Monte Carlo event generators. I review the status of LHC top mass measurements, illustrate how conceptual limitations enter the picture, and explain a controversy that has permeated the community in the context of the interpretation problem related to [Formula: see text]. I then summarize recent advances in acquiring first principles insights and outline what else has to be understood to fully resolve the issue. I conclude with recommendations on how to deal with the interpretation problem for the time being when making top mass–dependent theoretical predictions.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41845019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Polarization and Vorticity in the Quark–Gluon Plasma 夸克-胶子等离子体的极化和涡度

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-03-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-021920-095245

F. Becattini, M. Lisa

{"title":"Polarization and Vorticity in the Quark–Gluon Plasma","authors":"F. Becattini, M. Lisa","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-021920-095245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-021920-095245","url":null,"abstract":"The quark–gluon plasma (QGP) produced by collisions between ultrarelativistic heavy nuclei is well described in the language of hydrodynamics. Noncentral collisions are characterized by very large angular momentum, which in a fluid system manifests as flow vorticity. This rotational structure can lead to a spin polarization of the hadrons that eventually emerge from the plasma, and thus these collisions provide experimental access to flow substructure at unprecedented detail. Recently, the first observations of Λ hyperon polarization along the direction of collisional angular momentum were reported. These measurements are in broad agreement with hydrodynamic and transport-based calculations and reveal that the QGP is the most vortical fluid ever observed. However, there remain important tensions between theory and observation that might be fundamental in nature. In the relatively mature field of heavy-ion physics, the discovery of global hyperon polarization and 3D simulations of the collision have opened an entirely new direction of research. We discuss the current status of this rapidly developing area and directions for future research.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-021920-095245","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43713785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 118

Parton Distributions in Nucleons and Nuclei 核子和原子核中的部分子分布

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-01-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-011720-042725

J. Ethier, E. Nocera

引用次数: 89

Covariant Density Functional Theory in Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics 核物理和天体物理学中的协变密度泛函理论

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-12-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023608

Junjie Yang, J. Piekarewicz

引用次数: 20

Sidney David Drell (September 13, 1926–December 21, 2016): A Biographical Memoir 西德尼·大卫·德雷尔(1926年9月13日- 2016年12月21日):传记回忆录

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-10-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-020619-120837

R. Jaffe, R. Jeanloz

{"title":"Sidney David Drell (September 13, 1926–December 21, 2016): A Biographical Memoir","authors":"R. Jaffe, R. Jeanloz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-020619-120837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-020619-120837","url":null,"abstract":"Sidney David Drell, professor emeritus at Stanford University and senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, died shortly after his 90th birthday in Palo Alto, California. In a career spanning nearly 70 years, Sid—as he was universally known—achieved prominence as a theoretical physicist, public servant, and humanitarian. Sid contributed incisively to our understanding of the electromagnetic properties of matter. He created the theory group at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) and led it through the most creative period in elementary particle physics. The Drell-Yan mechanism is the process through which many particles of the Standard Model, including the famous Higgs boson, were discovered. Sid advised Presidents and Cabinet Members on matters ranging from nuclear weapons to intelligence, speaking truth to power but with keen insight for offering politically effective advice. His special friendships with Wolfgang (Pief) Panofsky, Andrei Sakharov, and George Shultz highlighted his work at the interface between science and human affairs. He advocated widely for the intellectual freedom of scientists and in his later years campaigned tirelessly to rid the world of nuclear weapons.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-020619-120837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63969889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of the Proton's Weak Charge and Its Constraints on the Standard Model 质子弱电荷的确定及其对标准模型的约束

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023633

R. Carlini, W. V. van Oers, M. Pitt, Gregory R. Smith

{"title":"Determination of the Proton's Weak Charge and Its Constraints on the Standard Model","authors":"R. Carlini, W. V. van Oers, M. Pitt, Gregory R. Smith","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023633","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses some of the history of parity-violation experiments that culminated in the Qweak experiment, which provided the first determination of the proton's weak charge [Formula: see text]. The guiding principles necessary to the success of that experiment are outlined, followed by a brief description of the Qweak experiment. Several consistent methods used to determine [Formula: see text] from the asymmetry measured in the Qweak experiment are explained in detail. The weak mixing angle sin2θw determined from [Formula: see text] is compared with results from other experiments. A description of the procedure for using the [Formula: see text] result on the proton to set TeV-scale limits for new parity-violating semileptonic physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) is presented. By also considering atomic parity-violation results on cesium, the article shows how this result can be generalized to set limits on BSM physics, which couples to any combination of valence quark flavors. Finally, the discovery space available to future weak-charge measurements is explored.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41655471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Function Theory for Multiloop Feynman Integrals 多回路Feynman积分的函数理论

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023551

C. Duhr

引用次数: 6