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Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science最新文献

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The Search for Feebly Interacting Particles 寻找弱相互作用粒子
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-11-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-055056
G. Lanfranchi, M. Pospelov, P. Schuster
{"title":"The Search for Feebly Interacting Particles","authors":"G. Lanfranchi, M. Pospelov, P. Schuster","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-055056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-055056","url":null,"abstract":"At the dawn of a new decade, particle physics faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin of matter over antimatter in the Universe, the apparent fine-tuning of the electroweak scale, and many other aspects of fundamental physics. Perhaps the most striking frontier to emerge in the search for answers involves New Physics at mass scales comparable to that of familiar matter—below the GeV scale but with very feeble interaction strength. New theoretical ideas to address dark matter and other fundamental questions predict such feebly interacting particles (FIPs) at these scales, and existing data may even provide hints of this possibility. Emboldened by the lessons of the LHC, a vibrant experimental program to discover such physics is underway, guided by a systematic theoretical approach that is firmly grounded in the underlying principles of the Standard Model. We give an overview of these efforts, their motivations, and the decadal goals that animate the community involved in the search for FIPs, and we focus in particular on accelerator-based experiments.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41915320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 65
New Developments in Flavor Evolution of a Dense Neutrino Gas 致密中微子气体风味演化的新进展
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-11-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102920-050505
I. Tamborra, S. Shalgar
{"title":"New Developments in Flavor Evolution of a Dense Neutrino Gas","authors":"I. Tamborra, S. Shalgar","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102920-050505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102920-050505","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrino–neutrino refraction dominates the flavor evolution in core-collapse supernovae, neutron star mergers, and the early Universe. Ordinary neutrino flavor conversions develop on timescales determined by the vacuum oscillation frequency. However, when the neutrino density is large enough, collective flavor conversions may arise because of pairwise neutrino scattering. Pairwise conversions are deemed fast because they are expected to occur on timescales that depend on the neutrino–neutrino interaction energy (i.e., on the neutrino number density) and are regulated by the angular distributions of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos. The enigmatic phenomenon of fast pairwise conversions has been overlooked for a long time. However, because of the fast conversion rate, pairwise conversions could occur in the proximity of the neutrino decoupling region with yet-to-be-understood implications for the hydrodynamics of astrophysical sources and the synthesis of the heavy elements. We review the physics of this fascinating phenomenon and its implications for neutrino-dense sources. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 71 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44740399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 109
The Fermi–LAT Galactic Center Excess: Evidence of Annihilating Dark Matter? 费米-拉特星系中心过剩:暗物质湮灭的证据?
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101916-123029
S. Murgia
{"title":"The Fermi–LAT Galactic Center Excess: Evidence of Annihilating Dark Matter?","authors":"S. Murgia","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101916-123029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101916-123029","url":null,"abstract":"The center of the Galaxy is one of the prime targets in the search for a signal of annihilating (or decaying) dark matter. If such a signal were to be detected, it would shed light on one of the bi...","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"455-483"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44385275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Nuclear Reactions in Astrophysics: A Review of Useful Probes for Extracting Reaction Rates 天体物理学中的核反应:用于提取反应速率的有用探针综述
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-020620-063734
F. Nunes, G. Potel, T. Poxon-Pearson, J. Cizewski
{"title":"Nuclear Reactions in Astrophysics: A Review of Useful Probes for Extracting Reaction Rates","authors":"F. Nunes, G. Potel, T. Poxon-Pearson, J. Cizewski","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-020620-063734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-020620-063734","url":null,"abstract":"Astrophysical simulations require knowledge of a wide array of reaction rates. For a number of reasons, many of these reaction rates cannot be measured directly and instead are probed with indirect...","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"147-170"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-020620-063734","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41631739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Extended Scalar Sectors 扩展标量扇区
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-032620-043846
Jan Steggemann
{"title":"Extended Scalar Sectors","authors":"Jan Steggemann","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-032620-043846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-032620-043846","url":null,"abstract":"Extended scalar sectors appear in various extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, such as supersymmetric models. They are also generic extensions of the Standard Model and can address...","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"197-223"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44833374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
“Why Do We Do Physics? Because Physics Is Fun!” “我们为什么要学物理?”因为物理很有趣!”
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023359
J. Bjorken
{"title":"“Why Do We Do Physics? Because Physics Is Fun!”","authors":"J. Bjorken","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023359","url":null,"abstract":"In this informal memoir, the author describes his passage through a golden age of elementary particle physics. It includes not only his career trajectory as a theoretical physicist but also his exc...","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43829788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Shortage of Technetium-99m and Possible Solutions 锝-99m的短缺和可能的解决方案
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-032020-021829
T. Ruth
{"title":"The Shortage of Technetium-99m and Possible Solutions","authors":"T. Ruth","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-032020-021829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-032020-021829","url":null,"abstract":"Following a major shortage of 99Mo in the 2009–2010 period, concern grew that the aging reactor production facilities needed to be replaced. Most producers were using highly enriched 235U (HEU) as ...","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"70 1","pages":"77-94"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-032020-021829","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47772205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
The Nuclear Legacy Today of Fukushima 福岛的核遗产
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023715
K. Vetter
{"title":"The Nuclear Legacy Today of Fukushima","authors":"K. Vetter","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023715","url":null,"abstract":"The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) following the Great East Japan Earthquake and the subsequent tsunami in March 2011 changed people's perceptions regarding nuclear power generation in Japan and worldwide. The failure to prevent the accident and the response to it had an enormous impact specifically on the communities close to the site but also across Japan and globally. In this review, I discuss radiation detection technologies, their use and limits in the immediate assessment and response, and improvements since then. In particular, I examine recent developments in radiation detection and imaging systems that, in combination with the enormous advances in computer vision, provide new means to detect, map, and visualize radiation using manned and unmanned deployment platforms. In addition to smarter and more adaptable technologies to prevent and minimize the impact of such events, an important outcome of this accident is the need for informed and resilient citizens who are empowered by knowledge and technologies to make rational decisions. The accident at FDNPS leaves a legacy concerning the importance of historical information, technologies, and resilience as well as challenges regarding powerful technologies that can provide substantial benefits to human society but that are also associated with risks of which we must be aware.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023715","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47047337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments 作为暗物质的原始黑洞：最新进展
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-06-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-050520-125911
B. Carr, Florian Kuhnel
{"title":"Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Recent Developments","authors":"B. Carr, Florian Kuhnel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-050520-125911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-050520-125911","url":null,"abstract":"Although the dark matter is usually assumed to be made up of some form of elementary particle, primordial black holes (PBHs) could also provide some of it. However, various constraints restrict the possible mass windows to 1016–1017 g, 1020–1024 g, and 10–103 M⊙. The last possibility is contentious but of special interest in view of the recent detection of black hole mergers by LIGO/Virgo. PBHs might have important consequences and resolve various cosmological conundra even if they account for only a small fraction of the dark matter density. In particular, those larger than 103 M⊙ could generate cosmological structures through the seed or Poisson effect, thereby alleviating some problems associated with the standard cold dark matter scenario, and sufficiently large PBHs might provide seeds for the supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. More exotically, the Planck-mass relics of PBH evaporations or stupendously large black holes bigger than 1012 M⊙ could provide an interesting dark component.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-050520-125911","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41847793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 780
Theoretical Prediction of Presupernova Neutrinos and Their Detection 前超新星中微子的理论预测及其探测
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2020-06-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-040620-021320
Chinami Kato, K. Ishidoshiro, T. Yoshida
{"title":"Theoretical Prediction of Presupernova Neutrinos and Their Detection","authors":"Chinami Kato, K. Ishidoshiro, T. Yoshida","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-040620-021320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-040620-021320","url":null,"abstract":"More than 30 years have passed since the successful detection of supernova (SN) neutrinos from SN 1987A. In the last few decades, remarkable progress has been made in neutrino detection techniques, through which it may be possible to detect neutrinos from a new source, presupernova (pre-SN) neutrinos. They are emitted from a massive star prior to core bounce. Because neutrinos escape from the core freely, they carry information about the stellar physics directly. Pre-SN neutrinos may play an important role in verifying our understanding of stellar evolution for massive stars. Observation of pre-SN neutrinos, moreover, may serve as an alarm regarding an SN explosion a few days in advance if the progenitor is located in our vicinity, enabling us to observe the next galactic SN. In this review, we summarize the current status of pre-SN neutrino studies from both the theoretical and observational points of view.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-040620-021320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49191427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
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