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Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science最新文献

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Our Future Nuclear Data Needs 我们未来的核数据需求
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023708
L. Bernstein, David A. Brown, A. Koning, B. Rearden, C. Romano, A. Sonzogni, A. Voyles, W. Younes
{"title":"Our Future Nuclear Data Needs","authors":"L. Bernstein, David A. Brown, A. Koning, B. Rearden, C. Romano, A. Sonzogni, A. Voyles, W. Younes","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023708","url":null,"abstract":"A well-established knowledge of nuclear phenomena including fission, reaction cross sections, and structure/decay properties is critical for applications ranging from the design of new reactors to nonproliferation to the production of radioisotopes for the diagnosis and treatment of illness. However, the lack of a well-quantified, predictive theoretical capability means that most nuclear observables must be measured directly and used to calibrate empirical models, which in turn provide the data needed for these applications. In many cases, either there is a lack of data needed to guide the models or the results of the different measurements are discrepant, leading to the development of evaluation methodologies to provide recommended values and uncertainties. In this review, we describe the nuclear data evaluation process and the international community that carries it out. We then discuss new measurements and improved theory and/or modeling needed to address future challenges in applied nuclear science.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023708","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41696072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Merger and Mass Ejection of Neutron Star Binaries 中子星双星的合并和质量抛射
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-08-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023625
M. Shibata, K. Hotokezaka
{"title":"Merger and Mass Ejection of Neutron Star Binaries","authors":"M. Shibata, K. Hotokezaka","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023625","url":null,"abstract":"Mergers of binary neutron stars and black hole–neutron star binaries are among the most promising sources for ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors and are also high-energy astrophysical phenomena, as illustrated by the observations of GWs and electromagnetic (EM) waves in the event of GW170817. Mergers of these neutron star binaries are also the most promising sites for r-process nucleosynthesis. Numerical simulation in full general relativity (numerical relativity) is a unique approach to the theoretical prediction of the merger process, GWs emitted, mass ejection process, and resulting EM emission. We summarize the current understanding of the processes of neutron star mergers and subsequent mass ejection based on the results of the latest numerical-relativity simulations. We emphasize that the predictions of the numerical-relativity simulations agree broadly with the optical and IR observations of GW170817.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023625","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44991740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 130
The First fm/c of Heavy-Ion Collisions 重离子碰撞的第一次fm/c
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-08-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023825
S. Schlichting, D. Teaney
{"title":"The First fm/c of Heavy-Ion Collisions","authors":"S. Schlichting, D. Teaney","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023825","url":null,"abstract":"We present an introductory review of the early-time dynamics of high-energy heavy-ion collisions and the kinetics of high-temperature quantum chromodynamic matter. The equilibration mechanisms in the quark–gluon plasma uniquely reflect the nonabelian and ultrarelativistic character of the many-body system. Starting with a brief exposé of the key theoretical and experimental questions, we provide an overview of the theoretical tools employed in weak coupling studies of the early-time nonequilibrium dynamics. We highlight theoretical progress in understanding different thermalization mechanisms in weakly coupled nonabelian plasmas, and discuss their relevance in describing the approach to local thermal equilibrium during the first fm/ c of a heavy-ion collision. We also briefly discuss some important connections to the phenomenology of heavy-ion collisions.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43272837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 60
High-Energy Multimessenger Transient Astrophysics 高能多信使瞬态天体物理学
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-07-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023510
K. Murase, I. Bartos
{"title":"High-Energy Multimessenger Transient Astrophysics","authors":"K. Murase, I. Bartos","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023510","url":null,"abstract":"The recent discoveries of high-energy cosmic neutrinos and gravitational waves from astrophysical objects have led to a new era of multimessenger astrophysics. In particular, electromagnetic follow-up observations triggered by these cosmic signals have proved to be highly successful and have brought about new opportunities in time-domain astronomy. We review high-energy particle production in various classes of astrophysical transient phenomena related to black holes and neutron stars, and discuss how high-energy emission can be used to reveal the underlying physics of neutrino and gravitational-wave sources.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023510","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46557321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Neutrino Emission as Diagnostics of Core-Collapse Supernovae 中微子发射作为核心坍缩超新星的诊断
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023434
B. Müller
{"title":"Neutrino Emission as Diagnostics of Core-Collapse Supernovae","authors":"B. Müller","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023434","url":null,"abstract":"With myriads of detection events from a prospective Galactic core-collapse supernova, current and future neutrino detectors will be able to sample detailed, time-dependent neutrino fluxes and spectra. This offers enormous possibilities for inferring supernova physics from the various phases of the neutrino signal from the neutronization burst through the accretion and early explosion phase to the cooling phase. The signal will constrain the time evolution of bulk parameters of the young proto-neutron star like its mass and radius as well as the structure of the progenitor, probe multi-dimensional phenomena in the supernova core, and constrain thedynamics of the early explosion phase. Aside from further astrophysical implications, supernova neutrinos may also shed further light on the properties of matter at supranuclear densities and on open problems in particle physics.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023434","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"63969550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Open Heavy-Flavor Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions 重离子碰撞中的开放式重香料生产
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023806
Xin Dong, Yen-Jie Lee, R. Rapp
{"title":"Open Heavy-Flavor Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions","authors":"Xin Dong, Yen-Jie Lee, R. Rapp","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023806","url":null,"abstract":"The ultrarelativistic heavy-ion programs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider have entered an era of quantitative analysis of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at high temperatures. The remarkable discovery of the strongly coupled quark–gluon plasma (sQGP), as deduced from its hydrodynamic behavior at long wavelengths, calls for probes that can reveal its inner workings. Charm- and bottom-hadron spectra offer unique insights into the transport properties and the microscopic structure of the QCD medium created in these collisions. At low momentum the Brownian motion of heavy quarks in the sQGP gives access to their diffusion constant, at intermediate momentum these quarks give insight into hadronization mechanisms, and at high momentum they are expected to merge into a radiative-energy loss regime. We review recent experimental and theoretical achievements on measuring a variety of heavy-flavor observables, characterizing the different regimes in momentum and extracting pertinent transport coefficients to unravel the structure of the sQGP and its hadronization.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42846233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 58
The Short-Baseline Neutrino Program at Fermilab 费米实验室的短基线中微子计划
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-03-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020949
P. Machado, O. Palamara, D. Schmitz
{"title":"The Short-Baseline Neutrino Program at Fermilab","authors":"P. Machado, O. Palamara, D. Schmitz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020949","url":null,"abstract":"The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) program consists of three liquid argon time-projection chamber detectors located along the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Its main goals include searches for New Physics—particularly eV-scale sterile neutrinos, detailed studies of neutrino–nucleus interactions at the GeV energy scale, and the advancement of the liquid argon detector technology that will also be used in the DUNE/LBNF long-baseline neutrino experiment in the next decade. We review these science goals and the current experimental status of SBN.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45725755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 122
Nonempirical Interactions for the Nuclear Shell Model: An Update 核壳模型的非经验相互作用:更新
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-02-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021120
Steven Ragnar Stroberg, S. Bogner, H. Hergert, J. Holt
{"title":"Nonempirical Interactions for the Nuclear Shell Model: An Update","authors":"Steven Ragnar Stroberg, S. Bogner, H. Hergert, J. Holt","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021120","url":null,"abstract":"The nuclear shell model has perhaps been the most important conceptual and computational paradigm for the understanding of the structure of atomic nuclei. While the shell model has been used predominantly in a phenomenological context, there have been efforts stretching back more than half a century to derive shell model parameters based on a realistic interaction between nucleons. More recently, several ab initio many-body methods—in particular, many-body perturbation theory, the no-core shell model, the in-medium similarity renormalization group, and coupled-cluster theory—have developed the capability to provide effective shell model Hamiltonians. We provide an update on the status of these methods and investigate the connections between them and their potential strengths and weaknesses, with a particular focus on the in-medium similarity renormalization group approach. Three-body forces are demonstrated to be important for understanding the modifications needed in phenomenological treatments. We then review some applications of these methods to comparisons with recent experimental measurements, and conclude with some remaining challenges in ab initio shell model theory.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43625428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 130
Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: Status and Prospects 中微子双β衰变:现状与展望
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023407
M. Dolinski, A. Poon, W. Rodejohann
{"title":"Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: Status and Prospects","authors":"M. Dolinski, A. Poon, W. Rodejohann","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023407","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrinoless double-beta decay is a forbidden, lepton-number-violating nuclear transition whose observation would have fundamental implications for neutrino physics, theories beyond the Standard Model, and cosmology. In this review, we summarize the theoretical progress to understand this process, the expectations and implications under various particle physics models, and the nuclear physics challenges that affect the precise predictions of the decay half-life. We also provide a synopsis of the current and future large-scale experiments that aim to discover this process in physically well-motivated half-life ranges.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44033018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 375
Neutrino Physics with Dark Matter Detectors 中微子物理学与暗物质探测器
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-01-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023450
B. Dutta, L. Strigari
{"title":"Neutrino Physics with Dark Matter Detectors","authors":"B. Dutta, L. Strigari","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023450","url":null,"abstract":"Direct dark matter detection experiments will soon be sensitive to neutrinos from astrophysical sources, including the Sun, the atmosphere, and supernovae, which will set an important benchmark and open a new window into neutrino physics and astrophysics. The detection of these neutrinos will be complementary to accelerator- and reactor-based experiments that study neutrinos over the same energy range. We review the physics and astrophysics that can be extracted from the detection of these neutrinos, highlighting the potential of identifying New Physics in the form of light mediators that arise from kinetic mixing and hidden sectors, as well as ∼eV-scale sterile neutrinos. We discuss how the physics reach of these experiments will complement searches for New Physics at the LHC and dedicated neutrino experiments.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42538340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
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