Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science最新文献_第9页

Our Future Nuclear Data Needs 我们未来的核数据需求

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023708

L. Bernstein, David A. Brown, A. Koning, B. Rearden, C. Romano, A. Sonzogni, A. Voyles, W. Younes

引用次数: 40

The Medical Device Regulation of the European Union Intensifies Focus on Clinical Benefits of Devices. 欧盟医疗器械法规加强了对器械临床效益的关注。

IF 1.5 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-08-27 DOI: 10.1177/2168479019870732

Beata Wilkinson, Robert van Boxtel

{"title":"The Medical Device Regulation of the European Union Intensifies Focus on Clinical Benefits of Devices.","authors":"Beata Wilkinson, Robert van Boxtel","doi":"10.1177/2168479019870732","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2168479019870732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article comments on the new approach to the clinical evaluation of medical devices in the European Union (EU), which adds consideration of intended clinical benefits to the traditional focus on safety and performance. The article also discusses types of clinical benefits that may be claimed and how evidence for them may be generated. In the EU, determining the benefit-risk profile is an existing core requirement of the clinical evaluation performed according to MEDDEV 2.7/1 Rev 4 guidelines, but under the new Medical Device Regulation (MDR), \"intended\" clinical benefits must be determined first. The MDR sets high standards for ensuring reliable data are generated from clinical investigations. It stipulates that the endpoints of clinical investigations should include clinical benefits. However, many clinical-use questions arise only after a device is made widely available to patients. For all medical devices, particularly for on-the-market devices never subjected to randomized controlled trials and for new devices developed when these trials were inappropriate/impossible, the postmarket phase of the device is a valuable source of clinical-benefit data. Postmarket clinical follow-up can corroborate and refine predictions of clinical benefits over time. Indirect clinical effects, which may affect treatment adherence and influence patients' well-being, may surface in the postmarket phase. Real-world clinical data will improve the manufacturer's understanding of their device's clinical benefits, potentially changing claims of intended clinical benefits in subsequent clinical evaluations. A paradigm change in clinical evaluation of medical devices in the EU will ensue when manufacturers ensure that their devices deliver real-world clinical benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"2168479019870732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2019-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86463037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Merger and Mass Ejection of Neutron Star Binaries 中子星双星的合并和质量抛射

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-08-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023625

M. Shibata, K. Hotokezaka

引用次数: 130

The First fm/c of Heavy-Ion Collisions 重离子碰撞的第一次fm/c

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-08-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023825

S. Schlichting, D. Teaney

引用次数: 60

High-Energy Multimessenger Transient Astrophysics 高能多信使瞬态天体物理学

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-07-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023510

K. Murase, I. Bartos

引用次数: 36

Neutrino Emission as Diagnostics of Core-Collapse Supernovae 中微子发射作为核心坍缩超新星的诊断

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-101918-023434

B. Müller

引用次数: 27

Open Heavy-Flavor Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions 重离子碰撞中的开放式重香料生产

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-03-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023806

Xin Dong, Yen-Jie Lee, R. Rapp

{"title":"Open Heavy-Flavor Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions","authors":"Xin Dong, Yen-Jie Lee, R. Rapp","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023806","url":null,"abstract":"The ultrarelativistic heavy-ion programs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider have entered an era of quantitative analysis of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at high temperatures. The remarkable discovery of the strongly coupled quark–gluon plasma (sQGP), as deduced from its hydrodynamic behavior at long wavelengths, calls for probes that can reveal its inner workings. Charm- and bottom-hadron spectra offer unique insights into the transport properties and the microscopic structure of the QCD medium created in these collisions. At low momentum the Brownian motion of heavy quarks in the sQGP gives access to their diffusion constant, at intermediate momentum these quarks give insight into hadronization mechanisms, and at high momentum they are expected to merge into a radiative-energy loss regime. We review recent experimental and theoretical achievements on measuring a variety of heavy-flavor observables, characterizing the different regimes in momentum and extracting pertinent transport coefficients to unravel the structure of the sQGP and its hadronization.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42846233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 58

The Short-Baseline Neutrino Program at Fermilab 费米实验室的短基线中微子计划

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-03-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-020949

P. Machado, O. Palamara, D. Schmitz

引用次数: 122

Nonempirical Interactions for the Nuclear Shell Model: An Update 核壳模型的非经验相互作用:更新

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-02-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021120

Steven Ragnar Stroberg, S. Bogner, H. Hergert, J. Holt

{"title":"Nonempirical Interactions for the Nuclear Shell Model: An Update","authors":"Steven Ragnar Stroberg, S. Bogner, H. Hergert, J. Holt","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021120","url":null,"abstract":"The nuclear shell model has perhaps been the most important conceptual and computational paradigm for the understanding of the structure of atomic nuclei. While the shell model has been used predominantly in a phenomenological context, there have been efforts stretching back more than half a century to derive shell model parameters based on a realistic interaction between nucleons. More recently, several ab initio many-body methods—in particular, many-body perturbation theory, the no-core shell model, the in-medium similarity renormalization group, and coupled-cluster theory—have developed the capability to provide effective shell model Hamiltonians. We provide an update on the status of these methods and investigate the connections between them and their potential strengths and weaknesses, with a particular focus on the in-medium similarity renormalization group approach. Three-body forces are demonstrated to be important for understanding the modifications needed in phenomenological treatments. We then review some applications of these methods to comparisons with recent experimental measurements, and conclude with some remaining challenges in ab initio shell model theory.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101917-021120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43625428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 130

Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: Status and Prospects 中微子双β衰变:现状与展望

IF 12.4 2区物理与天体物理

Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023407

M. Dolinski, A. Poon, W. Rodejohann

引用次数: 375