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B Flavor Anomalies: 2021 Theoretical Status Report B风味异常:2021年理论现状报告
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-10-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-090209
D. London, J. Matias
{"title":"B Flavor Anomalies: 2021 Theoretical Status Report","authors":"D. London, J. Matias","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-090209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-090209","url":null,"abstract":"At the present time (2022), there are discrepancies with the predictions of the Standard Model in several observables involving b → sℓ+ℓ− and [Formula: see text] decays. These are the B flavor anomalies. In this review, we summarize the data as of Moriond 2021 and present theoretical new physics explanations from both a model-independent effective field theory point of view and through the building of explicit models. Throughout, we stress the complementarity of these two approaches. In addition, we discuss combined explanations of both B anomalies and present models that also explain other problems, such as dark matter, ( g − 2)μ, neutrino properties, and hadronic anomalies.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48866924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 56
Rare Kaon Decays 稀有的介子衰变
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-054905
Augusto Ceccucci
{"title":"Rare Kaon Decays","authors":"Augusto Ceccucci","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-054905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-054905","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Historically important in the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, rare kaon decays are still a privileged tool for looking beyond it. The main reasons to continue the study of rare kaon decays are to test the CKM quark-mixing and <i>CP</i>-violation paradigm, to make quantitative comparisons with the <i>B</i> sector, and to search for explicit violations of the SM. Current research on rare kaon decays focuses mostly on <span><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"/na101/home/literatum/publisher/ar/journals/content/nucl/2021/nucl.2021.71.issue-1/annurev-nucl-102419-054905/20210907/images/medium/eq-054905-001.gif\"/></span></span><span></span> decays, which are predicted with good accuracy within the SM and beyond. Experimentally, these decays, especially that of the charged kaon, have a long history. Their theoretical importance is matched only by their experimental difficulty. This article reviews the progress of the past 10 years, describes the state of the art, and looks toward future perspectives.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
J. David Jackson (January 19, 1925–May 20, 2016): A Biographical Memoir j·大卫·杰克逊(1925年1月19日- 2016年5月20日):传记回忆录
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-021621-035759
R. Cahn
{"title":"J. David Jackson (January 19, 1925–May 20, 2016): A Biographical Memoir","authors":"R. Cahn","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-021621-035759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-021621-035759","url":null,"abstract":"John David (“Dave”) Jackson, a Canadian-born theoretical physicist, contributed significantly to particle, nuclear, and atomic physics. He is best known, however, for his text Classical Electrodynamics, which has been a fixture in physics graduate education around the world for more than 50 years. It is generally referred to simply as “Jackson.” This textbook, which has inspired fear and wonder alike in generations of students, clearly reflects the author's fascination with physical phenomena, his renowned mathematical dexterity, and his appreciation of the elegance of physical laws. Jackson's major contributions to research included the theory of muon-catalyzed fusion; the analysis, with Kurt Gottfried, of angular distributions in quasi-two-body elementary particle collisions; and the elucidation of charmonium-state decays. Jackson influenced the development of physics research throughout the United States as well as internationally—particularly through his work on the nascent Superconducting Super Collider. An active promoter of civil liberties and human rights, he was one of the leaders of the efforts to free Andrei Sakharov, Yuri Orlov, and Anatoly Shcharansky from Soviet imprisonment.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45172302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adventures with Particles 粒子冒险
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-09-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-053716
M. Gaillard
{"title":"Adventures with Particles","authors":"M. Gaillard","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-053716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-053716","url":null,"abstract":"Despite some gender-related bumps in the road, the author had the good fortune that her career spanned the evolution of the Standard Model from its inception in the late 1960s and early 1970s to its final confirmation with the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. Her major contributions to these developments and other facets of her career are described.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41677777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Implications of New Physics Models for the Couplings of the Higgs Boson 希格斯玻色子耦合新物理模型的含义
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-122320-041022
M. McCullough
{"title":"Implications of New Physics Models for the Couplings of the Higgs Boson","authors":"M. McCullough","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-122320-041022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-122320-041022","url":null,"abstract":"It has been almost a decade since the first hints of the Higgs boson discovery began to emerge from CERN, making a review of our updated expectations for the Higgs boson properties, in light of New Physics models, timely. In this review I attempt to draw connections between modified Higgs boson couplings and the big questions that broad classes of New Physics models aim to answer. Questions considered include whether the Higgs boson is composite and whether a new space-time supersymmetry exists. The goal is to present these topics, framed in reference to the Higgs boson, in a conceptually driven manner and, to make them accessible to a relatively broad audience, without a great deal of technicality. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 71 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41368710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Neutron Stars and the Nuclear Matter Equation of State 中子星与核物质状态方程
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-07-06 DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-102419-124827
J. Lattimer
{"title":"Neutron Stars and the Nuclear Matter Equation of State","authors":"J. Lattimer","doi":"10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-102419-124827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-NUCL-102419-124827","url":null,"abstract":"Neutron stars provide a window into the properties of dense nuclear matter. Several recent observational and theoretical developments provide powerful constraints on their structure and internal composition. Among these are the first observed binary neutron star merger, GW170817, whose gravitational radiation was accompanied by electromagnetic radiation from a short γ-ray burst and an optical afterglow believed to be due to the radioactive decay of newly minted heavy r-process nuclei. These observations give important constraints on the radii of typical neutron stars and on the upper limit to the neutron star maximum mass and complement recent pulsar observations that established a lower limit. Pulse-profile observations by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) X-ray telescope provide an independent, consistent measure of the neutron star radius. Theoretical many-body studies of neutron matter reinforce these estimates of neutron star radii. Studies using parameterized dense matter equations of state (EOSs) reveal several EOS-independent relations connecting global neutron star properties. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 71 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48542110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 55
The Trojan Horse Method: A Nuclear Physics Tool for Astrophysics 特洛伊木马方法：天体物理学的核物理工具
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-06-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-033642
A. Tumino, C. Bertulani, M. Cognata, L. Lamia, R. Pizzone, S. Romano, S. Typel
{"title":"The Trojan Horse Method: A Nuclear Physics Tool for Astrophysics","authors":"A. Tumino, C. Bertulani, M. Cognata, L. Lamia, R. Pizzone, S. Romano, S. Typel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-033642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-033642","url":null,"abstract":"The Trojan Horse Method (THM) represents an indirect path to determine the bare nucleus astrophysical S-factor for reactions among charged particles at astrophysical energies. This is achieved by measuring the quasi-free cross section of a suitable three-body process. The method is also suited to study neutron-induced reactions, especially in the case of radioactive ion beams. A comprehensive review of the theoretical as well as experimental features behind the THM is presented here. An overview is given of some recent applications to demonstrate the method's practical use for reactions that have a great impact on selected astrophysical scenarios. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 71 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47571700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Searches for Dark Photons at Accelerators 在加速器上搜索暗光子
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-04-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-110320-051823
Mathew Graham, C. Hearty, Mike Williams
{"title":"Searches for Dark Photons at Accelerators","authors":"Mathew Graham, C. Hearty, Mike Williams","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-110320-051823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-110320-051823","url":null,"abstract":"Dark matter particles may interact with other dark matter particles via a new force mediated by a dark photon, A′, which would be the dark-sector analog to the ordinary photon of electromagnetism. The dark photon can obtain a highly suppressed mixing-induced coupling to the electromagnetic current, providing a portal through which dark photons can interact with ordinary matter. This review focuses on A′ scenarios that are potentially accessible to accelerator-based experiments. We summarize the existing constraints placed by such experiments on dark photons, highlight what could be observed in the near future, and discuss the major experimental challenges that must be overcome to improve sensitivities. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 71 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47455999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Efimov Physics and Connections to Nuclear Physics 埃菲莫夫物理学及其与核物理学的联系
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-02-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-032845
A. Kievsky, M. Gattobigio, L. Girlanda, M. Viviani
{"title":"Efimov Physics and Connections to Nuclear Physics","authors":"A. Kievsky, M. Gattobigio, L. Girlanda, M. Viviani","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-032845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102419-032845","url":null,"abstract":"Physical systems characterized by a shallow two-body bound or virtual state are governed at large distances by continuous scale invariance, which is broken into discrete scale invariance when three...","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41615522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Directional Recoil Detection 定向后坐力检测
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-020821-035016
S. Vahsen, C. O’Hare, D. Loomba
{"title":"Directional Recoil Detection","authors":"S. Vahsen, C. O’Hare, D. Loomba","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-020821-035016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-020821-035016","url":null,"abstract":"Searches for dark matter–induced recoils have made impressive advances in the last few years. Yet the field is confronted by several outstanding problems. First, the inevitable background of solar neutrinos will soon inhibit the conclusive identification of many dark matter models. Second, and more fundamentally, current experiments have no practical way of confirming a detected signal's Galactic origin. The concept of directional detection addresses both of these issues while offering opportunities to study novel dark matter– and neutrino-related physics. The concept remains experimentally challenging, but gas time projection chambers are an increasingly attractive option and, when properly configured, would allow directional measurements of both nuclear and electron recoils. In this review, we reassess the required detector performance and survey relevant technologies. Fortuitously, the highly segmented detectors required to achieve good directionality also enable several fundamental and applied physics measurements. We comment on near-term challenges and how the field could be advanced. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 71 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46072257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
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