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Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science最新文献

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Exploring Stars in Underground Laboratories: Challenges and Solutions 地下实验室探索之星：挑战与解决方案
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-110221-103625
M. Aliotta, A. Boeltzig, R. Depalo, G. Gyürky
{"title":"Exploring Stars in Underground Laboratories: Challenges and Solutions","authors":"M. Aliotta, A. Boeltzig, R. Depalo, G. Gyürky","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-110221-103625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-110221-103625","url":null,"abstract":"For millennia, mankind has been fascinated by the marvel of the starry night sky. Yet, a proper scientific understanding of how stars form, shine, and die is a relatively recent achievement, made possible by the interplay of different disciplines as well as by significant technological, theoretical, and observational progress. We now know that stars are sustained by nuclear fusion reactions and are the furnaces where all chemical elements continue to be forged out of primordial hydrogen and helium. Studying these reactions in terrestrial laboratories presents serious challenges and often requires developing ingenious instrumentation and detection techniques. Here, we reveal how some of the major breakthroughs in our quest to unveil the inner workings of stars have come from the most unexpected of places: deep underground. As we celebrate 30 years of activity at the first underground laboratory for nuclear astrophysics, LUNA, we review some of the key milestones and anticipate future opportunities for further advances both at LUNA and at other underground laboratories worldwide. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 72 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45771611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Proton Structure in and out of Muonic Hydrogen 介子氢内外的质子结构
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2022-05-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101920-024709
A. Antognini, F. Hagelstein, V. Pascalutsa
{"title":"The Proton Structure in and out of Muonic Hydrogen","authors":"A. Antognini, F. Hagelstein, V. Pascalutsa","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101920-024709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101920-024709","url":null,"abstract":"Laser spectroscopy of muonic atoms has been recently used to probe properties of light nuclei with unprecedented precision. We introduce nuclear effects in hydrogen-like atoms, nucleon structure quantities (form factors, structure functions, polarizabilities), and their effects in the Lamb shift and hyperfine splitting (HFS) of muonic hydrogen (μH). Updated theory predictions for the Lamb shift and HFS in μH are presented. We review the challenges of the ongoing effort to measure the ground-state HFS in μH and its impact on our understanding of the nucleon spin structure. To narrow down this search, we present a novel theory prediction obtained by scaling the measured HFS in hydrogen while leveraging radiative corrections. We also summarize recent developments in the spectroscopy of simple atomic and molecular systems and emphasize how they allow for precise determinations of fundamental constants, bound-state QED tests, and New Physics searches.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47400689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
Electroweak Penguin Decays of b-Flavored Hadrons b味强子的电弱企鹅衰变
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-092535
U. Egede, Shohei Nishida, Mitesh Patel, M. Schune
{"title":"Electroweak Penguin Decays of b-Flavored Hadrons","authors":"U. Egede, Shohei Nishida, Mitesh Patel, M. Schune","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-092535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-092535","url":null,"abstract":"In the past decade, electroweak penguin decays have provided a number of precision measurements and have become one of the most competitive ways to search for New Physics describing phenomena beyond the Standard Model. An overview of the measurements made at the B factories and hadron colliders is given, and the experimental methods are presented. Experimental measurements required to provide further insight into present indications of New Physics are discussed. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 72 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45733956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
High-Energy Extragalactic Neutrino Astrophysics 高能河外中微子天体物理学
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2022-03-22 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-011122-061547
N. Kurahashi, K. Murase, M. Santander
{"title":"High-Energy Extragalactic Neutrino Astrophysics","authors":"N. Kurahashi, K. Murase, M. Santander","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-011122-061547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-011122-061547","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of an astrophysical flux of neutrinos in the TeV–PeV energy range by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory has opened new possibilities for the study of extreme cosmic accelerators. The apparent isotropy of the neutrino arrival directions favors an extragalactic origin for this flux, potentially created by a large population of distant sources. Recent evidence for the detection of neutrino emission from extragalactic sources includes the active galaxies TXS 0506+056 and NGC 1068. We here review the current status of the search for the sources of the high-energy neutrino flux, concentrating on its extragalactic contribution. We discuss the implications of these observations for multimessenger studies of cosmic sources and present an outlook for how additional observations by current and future instruments will help address fundamental questions in the emerging field of high-energy neutrino astronomy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 72 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48661387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Progress in Understanding Short-Range Structure in Nuclei: An Experimental Perspective 从实验的角度理解核的短程结构
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-022253
J. Arrington, N. Fomin, A. Schmidt
{"title":"Progress in Understanding Short-Range Structure in Nuclei: An Experimental Perspective","authors":"J. Arrington, N. Fomin, A. Schmidt","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-022253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-102020-022253","url":null,"abstract":"High-energy electron scattering is a clean, precise probe for measurements of hadronic and nuclear structure and plays a key role in understanding the role of high-momentum nucleons (and quarks) in nuclei. Jefferson Lab has dramatically expanded our knowledge of the high-momentum nucleons generated by short-range correlations, providing sufficient insight to model much of their impact on nuclear structure in neutron stars and in low- to medium-energy scattering observables, including neutrino oscillation measurements. These short-range correlations also seem related to the modification of the quark distributions in nuclei, and efforts to improve our understanding of the internal structure of these short-distance and high-momentum configurations in nuclei will provide important input on a wide range of high-energy observables.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44479611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Something Can Come of Nothing: Surface Approaches to Quantum Fluctuations and the Casimir Force 无中生有：量子涨落和卡西米尔力的表面方法
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2022-02-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-012402
G. Bimonte, T. Emig, N. Graham, M. Kardar
{"title":"Something Can Come of Nothing: Surface Approaches to Quantum Fluctuations and the Casimir Force","authors":"G. Bimonte, T. Emig, N. Graham, M. Kardar","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-012402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-111119-012402","url":null,"abstract":"The Casimir force provides a striking example of the effects of quantum fluctuations in a mesoscopic system. Because it arises from the objects’ electromagnetic response, the necessary calculations in quantum field theory are most naturally expressed in terms of electromagnetic scattering from each object. In this review, we illustrate a variety of such techniques, with a focus on those that can be expressed in terms of surface effects, including both idealized boundary conditions and their physical realization in terms of material properties. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 72 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49644261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Status of Lattice QCD Determination of Nucleon Form Factors and Their Relevance for the Few-GeV Neutrino Program 核子形态因子的格点QCD测定现状及其与少数GeV中微子程序的相关性
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-010622-120608
A. Meyer, A. Walker-Loud, C. Wilkinson
{"title":"Status of Lattice QCD Determination of Nucleon Form Factors and Their Relevance for the Few-GeV Neutrino Program","authors":"A. Meyer, A. Walker-Loud, C. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-010622-120608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-010622-120608","url":null,"abstract":"Calculations of neutrino–nucleus cross sections begin with the neutrino–nucleon interaction, making the latter critically important to flagship neutrino oscillation experiments despite limited measurements with poor statistics. Alternatively, lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) can be used to determine these interactions from the Standard Model with quantifiable theoretical uncertainties. Recent LQCD results of gA are in excellent agreement with data, and results for the (quasi-)elastic nucleon form factors with full uncertainty budgets are expected within a few years. We review the status of the field and LQCD results for the nucleon axial form factor, FA( Q2), a major source of uncertainty in modeling sub-GeV neutrino–nucleon interactions. Results from different LQCD calculations are consistent but collectively disagree with existing models, with potential implications for current and future neutrino oscillation experiments. We describe a road map to solidify confidence in the LQCD results and discuss future calculations of more complicated processes, which are important to few-GeV neutrino oscillation experiments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 72 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47249552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source 散裂中子源的相干
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023518
P. Barbeau, Y. Efremenko, K. Scholberg
{"title":"COHERENT at the Spallation Neutron Source","authors":"P. Barbeau, Y. Efremenko, K. Scholberg","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101918-023518","url":null,"abstract":"The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory provides an intense, high-quality source of neutrinos from pion decay at rest. This source was recently used for the first measurements of coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEvNS) by the COHERENT Collaboration, which resulted in new constraints of physics beyond the Standard Model. The SNS neutrino source will enable further CEvNS measurements, exploration of inelastic neutrino–nucleus interactions of particular relevance for understanding supernova neutrinos, and searches for accelerator-produced sub-GeV dark matter. Taking advantage of this unique facility, COHERENT's suite of detectors in Neutrino Alley at the SNS is accumulating more data to address a broad physics program at the intersection of particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics. This review describes COHERENT's first two CEvNS measurements, their interpretation, and the potential of a future physics program at the SNS. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 73 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42723781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Testing Lepton Flavor Universality with Pion, Kaon, Tau, and Beta Decays 用介子、介子、Tau和β衰变测试轻子风味普遍性
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-11-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-110121-051223
D. Bryman, V. Cirigliano, A. Crivellin, G. Inguglia
{"title":"Testing Lepton Flavor Universality with Pion, Kaon, Tau, and Beta Decays","authors":"D. Bryman, V. Cirigliano, A. Crivellin, G. Inguglia","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-110121-051223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-110121-051223","url":null,"abstract":"We present an overview of searches for violation of lepton flavor universality with a focus on low energy precision probes using πs, Ks, τs, and nuclear beta decays. We review the current experimental results, summarize the theoretical status within the context of the Standard Model, and discuss future prospects (both experimental and theoretical). We review the implications of these measurements for physics beyond the Standard Model by performing a global model-independent fit to modified W couplings to leptons and four-fermion operators. We also discuss new physics in the context of simplified models and review Standard Model extensions with a focus on those that can explain a possible deviation from unitarity of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa quark mixing matrix. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 72 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49010203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Precision QCD Physics at the LHC 大型强子对撞机的精确QCD物理
IF 12.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science Pub Date : 2021-11-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-101920-014923
T. Gehrmann, B. Malaescu
{"title":"Precision QCD Physics at the LHC","authors":"T. Gehrmann, B. Malaescu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-nucl-101920-014923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nucl-101920-014923","url":null,"abstract":"This review describes the current status of precision quantum chromodynamics (QCD) studies at the LHC. We introduce the main experimental and theoretical methods, and we discuss their cross-stimulated developments and recent advances. The different types of QCD observables that are measured at the LHC, including cross sections and event- and jet-level properties, for various final states, are summarized. Their relation to fundamental QCD dynamics and their impact on Standard Model parameter determinations are discussed using specific examples. The impact of QCD-related observables on direct and indirect searches for rare processes within and New Physics beyond the Standard Model is outlined. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science, Volume 72 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8090,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":12.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41916940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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