Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy最新文献

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into the chlorination volatilization of oxidized heavy metals via novel staggered chlorination roasting","authors":"Chenglong Lu,&nbsp;Xuan Yu,&nbsp;Guohao Yang,&nbsp;Qianqian Guo,&nbsp;Long Jiao,&nbsp;Jinxiang Lin,&nbsp;Kai Deng,&nbsp;Yanjun Hu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00223-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00223-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improper handling of heavy metal-containing solid waste poses significant environmental risks. However, developing an effective heavy metal elimination method is still a challenge. Our study introduces a novel method of staggered chlorination roasting. The volatilization and removal effects of two chlorinating agents, NH₄Cl and CaCl₂, on typical key heavy metals, Zn and Cu, were investigated. Compared with the use of a single chlorinating agent, this method, which uses NH₄Cl for low-temperature decomposition and CaCl₂ for high-temperature reactions, significantly extends the chlorination reaction time, overtly enhancing the chlorination volatilization effect. This study elucidated the influence of the chlorinating agent content, temperature, and time on the elimination of heavy metal oxides. The results demonstrated that when the two chlorinating agents were added at a ratio of 2:3, roasting at 1100 °C for 60 min resulted in the highest volatilization rates of Zn (99.9%) and Cu (98.7%). Thermodynamic equilibrium and equilibrium phase composition calculations were conducted to explore the effects of the chlorinating agents and mineral components (SiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, and CaO) on chlorination roasting. In the staggered chlorination mode, the chlorine-containing gases generated effectively mitigate the influence of mineral components, thereby suppressing interactions between oxidized heavy metals and mineral constituents. This suppression enhances the chlorination and volatilization of heavy metals. This study proposes a novel staggered chlorination roasting method based on composite chlorinating agents, offering a new approach for the collaborative and efficient removal of multiple heavy metals from solid waste.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":"151 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preheating and combustion characteristics of high-alkali coal with a novel circulating fluidized bed route","authors":"Dongxu Zhang,&nbsp;Huizhong Han,&nbsp;Jianguo Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00227-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00227-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>China possesses abundant reserves of high-alkali coal, however, its combustion presents challenges such as slagging and fouling. Achieving efficient and clean combustion of high-alkali coal remains a significant technical challenge. This study utilizes novel circulating fluidized bed (CFB) preheating combustion technology to investigate the effects of varying air equivalence ratios on the preheating, combustion, and NO_<i>x</i> emission characteristics of high-alkali coal in a kW-level hot-state experimental platform. Results indicate that the preheater intensifies the fragmentation of high-alkali coal particles, decreasing the median particle size (d₅₀) from 710.9 μm in high-alkali coal to 17.1 μm in preheated char. At an air equivalence ratio of 0.35, the calorific value of the preheated coal gas reaches a peak of 2.46 MJ/Nm³. Across various air equivalence ratios, the NH₃ concentration in the preheated coal gas consistently exceed those of HCN. With the air equivalence ratio increases, the release rates of C, N, and S from the high-alkali coal also rise, while the CO/CO₂ ratio of the preheated coal gas remains below 1.0. And the S release rate is lower than that of C and N. During the combustion of preheated fuel in the combustion chamber, the temperature distribution remains uniform, with NO_<i>x</i> emissions ranging from 200 to 230 mg/m³. The minimum conversion ratio of coal N to NO_<i>x</i> in this system is 10.8%. This investigation might support the development and application of high-alkali coal combustion technology.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 2","pages":"217 - 228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145161943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving dynamics of municipal solid waste management in India: a comprehensive review of status, challenges, opportunities and policy innovations","authors":"Anitha Rengerla,&nbsp;Parthiban Angamuthu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00220-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00220-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>India’s rapid urbanization, population growth, and industrial expansion have intensified the challenges of solid waste management (SWM), making it a critical issue requiring urgent action. This paper examines the key challenges, trends, and opportunities in SWM, focusing on waste generation patterns, collection, transportation, treatment, and disposal methods in India. The major challenges identified include inefficient waste segregation, poor disposal practices, societal attitudes, and the unorganized informal sector. These problems, compounded by institutional weaknesses, inadequate funding, and slow adoption of technology, worsen the waste management crisis. Proper management of municipal solid waste (MSW) is essential for public health, environmental protection, and the achievement of sustainable development goals. This paper emphasizes the need for alternative waste management techniques, as nearly 90% of MSW is improperly disposed of in open dumps and landfills, posing significant risks to health and the environment. By forecasting future urbanization trends and their impact on waste generation, this paper evaluates effective treatment technologies for MSW in India. This study concludes with actionable recommendations and a unified framework, supported by data and case studies tailored to India’s socio-economic context, and aims at improving SWM practices and promoting long-term sustainability.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"127 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching of calcium and heavy metals from fly ash by acetic acid and life cycle assessment of the leaching processes","authors":"Weichao Kong,&nbsp;Yaqi Peng,&nbsp;Xinglei Zhao,&nbsp;Jiamin Ding,&nbsp;Qionghao Wang,&nbsp;Hengsheng Pan,&nbsp;Xin Xiao,&nbsp;Shengyong Lu","doi":"10.1007/s42768-025-00222-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-025-00222-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash poses severe environmental risks because of the high potential of fly ash for heavy metal leaching. In this study, the leaching of fly ash by acetic acid was investigated. Key parameters, including time, acetic acid concentration, and fly ash type, were examined for their influence on calcium and heavy metal leaching. The physical and chemical changes in fly ash before and after leaching were analysed via the X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and heavy metal leaching methods. The results showed that acetic acid effectively leached metals from different types of fly ash, as determined by the risk assessment code (RAC) and risk index (RI), and leaching with 0.25 mol/L acetic acid resulted in the lowest environmental hazard for fly ash. Moreover, adjusting the pH to below 11 during acid treatment, followed by washing with water, substantially reduced heavy metal leaching and increased the potential for safe resource recovery. A life cycle assessment (LCA) using the CML-2001 method revealed that the marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential had the largest environmental impact, accounting for 39.56% of the total index. These findings suggest that acetic acid leaching followed by water washing, improves the potential for repurposing of fly ash as a construction material.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"115 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waste to wealth: silane-modified seaweed biopolymers for sustainable packaging material","authors":"C. M. Hazwan,&nbsp;C. S. Chang,&nbsp;A. H. Yusoff,&nbsp;N. F. Shoparwe,&nbsp;M. J. K. Mohammad","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00218-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00218-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In response to the growing environmental threat posed by plastic waste, this study developed hydrophobic biopolymer films from red seaweed (<i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i>) as a sustainable alternative for packaging. The films were fabricated using a solvent-casting method, followed by surface treatment with triethoxymethylsilane to increase their hydrophobicity. Key metrics, including water solubility (reduced by 37.4%), moisture absorption capacity (decreased by 108.6%), and water vapor permeability (decreased by 65.4%), demonstrated significant improvements over untreated films. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed successful silane integration, whereas mechanical testing revealed increased tensile strength (up to 24.44 MPa) and Young’s modulus (183.41 MPa), with a moderate reduction in elongation at break. These findings indicate that silane-modified seaweed biopolymer films have strong potential as eco-friendly packaging solutions to mitigate plastic waste.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"99 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of Ce doping and phosphorylation on optimizing the low temperature NH3-SCR activity of the spent V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst","authors":"Qiulin Wang,&nbsp;Xiongfei Qi,&nbsp;Haonan Wang,&nbsp;Minghui Tang,&nbsp;Shengyong Lu,&nbsp;Dunyu Liu,&nbsp;Jing Jin","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00217-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00217-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reactivation and subsequent reuse of exhausted selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts has significant economic and environmental advantages. Water and acid washing along with thermal regeneration are commonly used to eliminate toxic substances from the catalyst surface, while these processes often result in the undesired loss of active components. In this research, an impregnation approach was adopted to replenish the depleted active constituents of the spent V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ (VW/Ti) catalyst. Experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the influence of Ce/P doping on both the SCR activity of this rejuvenated catalyst and its resistance to the detrimental effects of SO₂/H₂O exposure. The optimal performance is achieved with the Ce/P co-doped VW/Ti catalyst, demonstrating remarkable efficiency in removing nearly 100% of NO_<i>x</i> across a broad range of temperatures from 150 to 450 °C. The incorporation of a proper content of Ce serves to increase the VO_<i>x</i> surface density from a sub-monolayer state to a monolayer state and fosters the formation of more surface oxygen vacancies. This transformation positively contributes to enhancing both the catalytic activity and the resistance to SO₂/H₂O poisoning. Further treatment with H₃PO₄, although rendering the catalyst more susceptible to H₂O, achieves a delicate balance between its surface acidity and redox capabilities. This optimized state not only enhances the catalyst's robustness but also further widens the active temperature window.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"73 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42768-024-00217-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of CO2 sparging on high-solid acidogenic fermentation of food waste","authors":"Chunmiao Liu,&nbsp;Wenjian Dong,&nbsp;Youli Yang,&nbsp;Wenyan Zhao,&nbsp;Wu Zeng,&nbsp;Yuriy Litti,&nbsp;Chao Liu,&nbsp;Binghua Yan","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00213-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00213-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon dioxide (CO₂), a by-product of acidogenic fermentation, also acts as a reactant that affects carboxylic acid metabolism in reactors. However, the effect of headspace CO₂ in an acidogenic leach bed reactor (LBR) is unclear. In this study, high-solid acidogenic fermentation of food waste (FW) in LBRs with different fractions of CO₂ (CK: self-generated headspace, T1: 100% N₂, T2: 30% CO₂ + 70% N₂, and T3: 90% CO₂ + 10% N₂) was performed. CO₂ sparging significantly increased the acidogenic performance of FW, with T3 showing the highest soluble product yield of 0.81 g chemical oxygen demand per 1 g volatile solid removal (gCOD/gVS_removal). CO₂ sparging prolonged the fermentation of ethanol and lactic acid in T2 and T3 while it hindered the evolution of butyric and caproic acids. The relative abundance of the genus <i>Limosilobacillus</i> was enhanced by CO₂ sparging, reinforcing the ethanol and lactic acid metabolic pathways. However, sparging excessive CO₂ (≥30% CO₂) inhibited the colonization of the genus <i>Clostridium</i> <i>sensu stricto</i> 12, which suppressed the reverse β pathway with butyric and caproic acids as the metabolites. This work provides valuable insights into the targeted production of carboxylic acids from the acidogenic fermentation of FW via CO₂ regulation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"27 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42768-024-00213-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable management strategies for low-organic matter sludge from a life cycle perspective","authors":"Er Li,&nbsp;Xuejun Xiong,&nbsp;Hao Zhou,&nbsp;Binbin Liu,&nbsp;Peng Su,&nbsp;Zexu Chen,&nbsp;Jing Ai,&nbsp;Weijun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00219-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00219-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sludge quality is a critical factor influencing the economic and environmental performance of treatment and disposal processes. In many regions, sludge is typically characterized by a low organic matter content. Consequently, the selection of sludge treatment and disposal routes should be tailored to the specific characteristics of sludge in each region, considering its dual attributes of “resource” and “pollution”, and aiming to maximize environmental, economic, and social benefits. Using the current sludge treatment and disposal situation in Wuhan, China, this study conducted a quantitative assessment of carbon emissions, environmental risks, and economic benefits associated with several existing treatment and disposal routes from a life cycle perspective. The results suggest that for sludge characteristics with low organic matter content, co-incineration in coal-fired power plants or cement production processes is the most favorable option. Specifically, when the organic matter content of the sludge falls below approximately 40%, cement production is deemed the preferred process, whereas co-incineration with coal is favored when the organic matter content exceeds 40% but is less than 50%. Owing to the relatively low organic matter and nutrient contents of sludge, optimization of existing anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting processes can be achieved through collaborative treatment with other solid wastes. Moreover, the prevailing carbon trading prices in the Chinese carbon market are relatively low and do not significantly impact the selection of current sludge treatment processes. This study aids in the development of sustainable management strategies for sludge characterized by low resource and pollution attributes in the future.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"85 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts of tetranitro iron phthalocyanine@Fe3O4@fly ash composites for fast decomposition of environmental contaminants","authors":"Dapeng Li,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Yang Jin,&nbsp;Qing Li,&nbsp;Xinyuan Li,&nbsp;Ruirui Chang,&nbsp;Ruoxi Ma,&nbsp;Lin Yan,&nbsp;Suxiang Ge,&nbsp;Juntao Ma","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00214-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00214-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using fly ash (FA) solid wastes as economical carriers to construct Fenton-like catalytic composites with additional functions is more practical than the use of a single catalyst. Understanding the structure and properties of catalysts and carriers is vital to improve performance. Tetranitro iron phthalocyanine (TNFePc) is a highly active molecular catalyst, whose immobilization and Fenton-like heterogeneous catalysis remain unclear. In this study, magnetically recyclable composites of TNFePc@Fe₃O₄@FA were successfully fabricated. Further, Fe₃O₄ nanocrystals decorated on FA surfaces could be used as special functional layer for composite recycling and simultaneous in situ TNFePc synthesis. Peroxides of H₂O₂, KHSO₅, and tert-butyl hydrogen could be effectively activated by composites and transformed into highly reactive radicals. Moreover, molecular oxygen could be activated as well. Model pollutants, methylene blue and oxytetracycline, could be synergistically degraded by the radical oxidation of superoxide, hydroxyl, alkoxy, and sulfate radicals and non-radical oxidation of high-valent iron-oxo species of TNPcFe^IV=O. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first design of FA-based composites with dual function, Fenton-like heterogeneous catalysis and magnetic recyclability, for environmental decontamination.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"41 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42768-024-00214-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel sustainable bio-composite for latent heat storage based on pomegranate peels and coconut oil","authors":"Najoua Mekaddem,&nbsp;Hanen Nouri,&nbsp;Najet Mouguech,&nbsp;Samia Ben-Ali","doi":"10.1007/s42768-024-00216-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42768-024-00216-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With rising energy demands and mounting environmental challenges, the push for sustainable energy systems has increased interest in developing advanced energy storage materials. This study aimed to create and evaluate the properties of a novel latent heat storage bio-composite (LHSB) using cost-effective and eco-friendly materials. A bio-based phase-change material (PCM), coconut oil, was added to a bio-support derived from pomegranate peels (PGPs) waste in two forms: raw peels (unwashed and washed) and biochar (physically and physicochemically activated carbon). Pellets of the raw PGPs and activated carbon were fabricated and subsequently impregnated with coconut oil under vacuum conditions. The highest loading capacities were observed to be 60.44% and 58.02% for washed PGPs and physicochemically activated carbon, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis corroborated the absence of chemical reactions between coconut oil and raw or modified PGPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs provided visual evidence of successful coconut oil impregnation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the operational temperatures of all synthesized PCM composites were considerably lower than their respective thermal degradation temperature limits. The encapsulation efficiencies were determined to be 47.69%, 61.62%, 43.97%, and 59.45% for unwashed peels, washed peels, physical biochar, and physicochemical biochar, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the coconut oil/unwashed peels composite exhibited the highest latent heat of melting and freezing, with values of 52.51 and 56.11 kJ/kg, respectively. These findings collectively demonstrate that the prepared LHSBs possess several desirable properties, including leak-proof nature, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency, and suitability for temperature regulation in diverse energy storage applications.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":807,"journal":{"name":"Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"57 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}