Review of construction and demolition waste management tools and frameworks with the classification, causes, and impacts of the waste

This review looks over the current construction and demolition waste management (C&DWM) situations by scrutinizing the definition, classification, components, compositions, generated sources and causes, impacts of generated construction and demolition wastes (C&DWs), waste management hierarchy (WMH), 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle), Circular Economy (CE), frameworks, tools, and approaches of C&DWM. After reviewing the literature this study contributes to the literature by the following means: (a) suitable working definitions of C&DW and C&DWM are provided, (b) an expanded WMH for construction and demolition operations is presented, (c) frameworks of C&DWM are identified and listed as follows: frameworks based on WMH, including 3R principles and CE concept, frameworks focusing on the quantification, estimation, and prediction of generated C&DW, frameworks focusing on effective and sustainable C&DWM, frameworks focusing economic, social, and environmental performance assessment, frameworks based on multi-criteria analysis (MCA), frameworks based on post-disaster recovery period, and other miscellaneous frameworks, and (d) four categories of tools utilized in C&DWM are identified and explained, namely, approaches employed in C&DWM, information technology (IT) tools employed in C&DWM, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) tools employed in C&DWM, and C&DWM technologies. Moreover, this study also found that CE, and green rating system (GRS) are widely used approaches, Building Information Modeling (BIM), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Geographic Information System, and Big Data are the extensively used IT tools, Analytical Hierarchy Process, FUZZY, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution), Weighted Summation, Elimination and Choice Expressing the Reality II, Elimination and Choice Expressing the Reality III, Evaluation of Mixed Data, and REGIME (REG) are the widely used MCA tools in C&DWM, and Prefabricated Construction and Modular Construction are broadly used C&DWM technologies. Furthermore, it has been observed that the application of the Analytic Networking Process (ANP) and hybridization of ANP, FUZZY, and TOPSIS tools do not catch considerable attention in the literature for conducting MCA, although it yields more precise outcomes. Additionally, most previous research has focused on the estimation of generated C&DW, but less attention has been given to forecasting the generated C&DW due to inadequate available C&DW data. This review article also assists C&DWM practitioners, academics, stakeholders, and contractors in choosing appropriate frameworks and tools for C&DWM while managing C&DW.