{"title":"The time of day matters when it comes to yellowjackets’ attacks on honey bees and lavender essential oil can deter wasps from hives","authors":"Ariane Carnebia Gingold, Mariana Lozada, Micaela Buteler","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01168-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01168-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Vespula germanica</i> wasps are natural predators of <i>Apis mellifera</i> bees and can also be problematic for beekeeping. We evaluated the variation in agonistic interactions between <i>V. germanica</i> and <i>A. mellifera</i> hives at two times of the day: noon, when bees exhibited activity at the hive entrance, and early in the morning, when they were not active. Aggressive interactions were 13 times higher during the morning when bees were less active. The most frequent interaction at noon involved wasps approaching the hive, while in the morning, it was frequent to observe wasps entering the hive. We also analyzed the effectiveness of lavender oil as a repellent and found it reduced aggressive interactions by approximately 75% immediately after application, with the effect lasting 48 h. The reapplication of lavender oil at the hive entrance extended its effect for 24 h. We concluded that bee activity, measured as bee traffic at the hive entrance, could be an indicator of susceptibility to wasp attacks and a key factor in this predator‒prey interaction, making hives more susceptible to <i>V. germanica</i> attacks in the morning. Similarly, lavender oil acts as a repellent agent, reducing the impact of wasps in the short term.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1007/s13592-025-01174-z
Dejaime Teófilo, Paloma Eleutério, Epifânia Emanuela de Macêdo Rocha, Arianne Moreira Cavalcante, Janaely Silva Pereira, Luiz Wilson Lima-Verde, Breno M. Freitas
{"title":"Scientific note: Polygyny and hierarchy among queens in the stingless bee Melipona quinquefasciata","authors":"Dejaime Teófilo, Paloma Eleutério, Epifânia Emanuela de Macêdo Rocha, Arianne Moreira Cavalcante, Janaely Silva Pereira, Luiz Wilson Lima-Verde, Breno M. Freitas","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01174-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01174-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1007/s13592-025-01169-w
Davi de Lacerda Ramos, Theo Mota, Mercedes Maria Cunha Bustamante, Carmen Sílvia Soares Pires
{"title":"Tropical stingless bees exhibit pronounced positive phototaxis to the ultraviolet component of sunlight","authors":"Davi de Lacerda Ramos, Theo Mota, Mercedes Maria Cunha Bustamante, Carmen Sílvia Soares Pires","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01169-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01169-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Positive phototaxis, an innate attraction to light, is crucial for bees’ navigation and escape behaviours. With the migration of bee-pollinated crops to greenhouses, alterations in light and temperature within these environments may influence bees’ phototactic responses. We evaluated how the attenuation of UV and green light affected the proportion and latency of the phototactic orientation of stingless bees within a Y-shaped maze, in which sunlight was filtered by different materials at its two edges. We found that three species of stingless bees (<i>Melipona quadrifasciata</i>, <i>Scaptotrigona</i> cf. <i>postica</i>, and <i>Frieseomelitta varia</i>) were more frequently attracted to the edge with a higher incidence of solar UV light and exhibited shorter orientation latencies than to the opposite edge, which had virtually no UV transmittance and lower green light transmittance. Under conditions of low UV light at both ends of the maze, neither a higher proportion of green light nor greater total light intensity influenced the phototactic orientation of the three species towards a particular maze arm. These findings indicate that UV light is a key component of the phototactic response in the tropical bee species studied and should be considered when employing these species for pollination services in protected environments with low UV incidence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1007/s13592-025-01173-0
Alena Votavová
{"title":"Postdiapause mating in bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris): a novel strategy for conservation and laboratory breeding","authors":"Alena Votavová","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01173-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01173-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In bumblebees, successful colony establishment typically requires mating before diapause, as unmated queens were previously thought to have limited reproductive potential. However, the possibility of postdiapause mating has remained largely unexplored. This study investigated the reproductive success of <i>Bombus terrestris</i> queens by reversing the typical sequence of mating and diapause under laboratory conditions. Gynes underwent diapause for 4 or 7 months before mating with unrelated males. The results revealed high survival rates during diapause, with no significant differences between the two diapause durations. Postdiapause mating success was also high, with 82.6% of queens in the 4-month group and 77.7% in the 7-month group successfully mating. The length of diapause appeared to slightly affect the ability of nests to produce new gynes, but the difference was not statistically significant. These findings challenge the assumption that unmated gynes are inevitably constrained in their reproductive potential. If confirmed in other species, this strategy could provide a valuable tool for conservation breeding programs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1007/s13592-025-01171-2
Aleksandar Uzunov, Irakli Janashia, Chao Chen, Cecilia Costa, Marin Kovačić
{"title":"A scientific note on ‘Rapid brood decapping’—a method for assessment of honey bee (Apis mellifera) brood infestation with Tropilaelaps mercedesae","authors":"Aleksandar Uzunov, Irakli Janashia, Chao Chen, Cecilia Costa, Marin Kovačić","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01171-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01171-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Tropilaelaps mercedesae</i> is a parasitic mite species that negatively affects the health of <i>Apis mellifera</i> colonies. Recent reports show that it is spreading westwards, through Central Asia into Europe. Several field and laboratory methods have been proposed to detect <i>Tropilaelaps</i> spp. in <i>A. mellifera</i> colonies; however, most of them are recognised to be either laborious, costly or ineffective for detecting the mites, and some are even destructive to the colony. Here, we introduce a novel method for detecting and monitoring <i>T. mercedesae</i> based on the mite's characteristic biology (reduced feeding as bee pupae mature, brief dispersal phase on adult bees and agility) and the use of wax strips for decapping sealed brood area. Sealed worker brood cells at the development stage of white to purple-eyed pupae are swiftly decapped with wax strips to observe and count surfacing adult mites. The results from our study show supporting evidence of over 90% detection efficacy and brood survival, and ease of application. Therefore, we recommend the novel ‘Rapid brood decapping’ method as a reliable tool for detecting and monitoring <i>T. mercedesae</i> infestation. This method is suitable for beekeeping and research settings, being less invasive and stressful for colonies compared to other existing methods, cost-effective and quick.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1007/s13592-025-01163-2
Laís Calpacci Câmera, Yuri Ribeiro Diogo, Vitor Gonçalves Vital, Keith Dayane Leite Lira, Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira, Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini, Suzan Pantaroto de Vasconcellos, Michelle Manfrini Morais
{"title":"A scientific note on microbial diversity in pollen stored by Melipona quadrifasciata: a comparative study of fermentation stages","authors":"Laís Calpacci Câmera, Yuri Ribeiro Diogo, Vitor Gonçalves Vital, Keith Dayane Leite Lira, Vinícius Guimarães Ferreira, Luciana Teresa Dias Cappelini, Suzan Pantaroto de Vasconcellos, Michelle Manfrini Morais","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01163-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01163-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1007/s13592-025-01166-z
Yahya Al Naggar, Zubair Ahmad, Hamed A. Ghramh, Hatem Sharaf El-Din
{"title":"First evidence of large hive beetle (Oplostomus fuligineus) invasion in the Arabian region: a survey-based study of spread and future management","authors":"Yahya Al Naggar, Zubair Ahmad, Hamed A. Ghramh, Hatem Sharaf El-Din","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01166-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01166-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Large hive beetles (<i>Oplostomus fuligineus</i>, LHB) have long been recognized as significant pests of honey bee colonies, particularly across the African continent. Although LHBS are native to Sub-Saharan Africa, they have recently been recorded in North Africa, feeding primarily on young bee larvae within colonies, which leads to severe damage, especially in weaker colonies. In 2021, Abou-Shaara et al. predicted a high risk of LHB invasion into the North African and South Europe regions due to temperature variations. As a result, we performed a follow-up study based on a survey to assess the spread of LHB across the Arabian region. The questionnaire contained essential items from the global COLOSS surveys. During a two-month survey in 2024, 54 beekeepers from 11 Arabian countries responded, with Egypt, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen contributing the most data. The infestation rate was highest in countries along the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, including Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen, indicating that LHB may favor coastal weather conditions. Nearly all beekeepers notice significant hive beetle infestations in May, June, and July. This study is the first thorough survey undertaken in the Arabian region, establishing the first recorded occurrence of LHB, confirming earlier predictions, and emphasizing the critical need for additional research and management strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2025-03-11DOI: 10.1007/s13592-025-01159-y
Khalil Rasouli-Nadergoli, Ali Asghar Sadeghi, Parvin Shawrang, Mohammad Chamani
{"title":"The effects of zinc-methionine and Sel-Plex on the hypopharyngeal gland size, royal jelly yield and composition and the relative expression of hsp90 and trx gene in honey bees under heat stress","authors":"Khalil Rasouli-Nadergoli, Ali Asghar Sadeghi, Parvin Shawrang, Mohammad Chamani","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01159-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01159-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic zinc and selenium on the antioxidant indices, acini size, royal jelly production, and relative expression of <i>hsp90</i> and <i>trx</i> genes in honey bees under heat stress. Twenty five colonies were exposed to heat stress (42 °C for at least 4 h per day) and randomly divided into five treatments. Treatments were C), the control group receiving syrup without additives and other groups receiving syrup containing 2500 µg/L of zinc (T1), 5000 µg/L of zinc (T2), 500 µg/L selenium (T3), and 1000 µg/L selenium (T4). Organic zinc increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05), but selenium supplementation decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) the activities of thioredoxin peroxidase and catalase. Organic zinc and selenium supplements decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05), the relative gene expression of <i>hsp90</i> but increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) gene expression of <i>trx</i> as compared to control. The lowest acini size was observed in C and the greatest acini size was observed in T2 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Acini size increased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) as dose of organic zinc increased but not for selenium doses. It was concluded that supplementation of zinc at dose of 5000 µg/L and selenium at a dose of 500 µg /L has beneficial effects on producing royal jelly colonies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1007/s13592-025-01157-0
Angelina Fathia Osabutey, Sharif Hamdo, Tal Erez, Elad Bonda, Assaf Otmy, Victoria Soroker
{"title":"Natural viral infection, individual immunity, and flight performance in honey bee Apis mellifera drones","authors":"Angelina Fathia Osabutey, Sharif Hamdo, Tal Erez, Elad Bonda, Assaf Otmy, Victoria Soroker","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01157-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01157-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In honey bees, drones’ flight ability is crucial for their mating success. In this study, we assessed the flight ability of drones from three age cohorts (1–3 weeks old) by flight mill and subsequently examined their sexual development and status, viral infection by deformed wing viruses type A and B (DWV-A, DWV-B) and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) and expression of six immune genes by RT-qPCR. Sexually matured drones flew longer distances compared to immature drones. Infections of DWV-A and IAPV were common in drones, but their impact on drone flight differed. Flight distance and speed were negatively correlated with loads of IAPV and DWV-B, respectively, in 14- to 15-day-old drones, but not in 7 days old. Flight speed was negatively correlated with the expression of protein lethal 2 (<i>Pl2</i>) and peptidoglycan recognition protein S2 (<i>PGRP-S2</i>) in 14- to 15-day-old drones. These findings suggest trade-off between a drone’s flight performance and their immunity and/or the impact of virus infection on drones’ flight ability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13592-025-01157-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2025-03-06DOI: 10.1007/s13592-025-01167-y
Thi Thu Ha Nguyen, Yong-Chao Su, Adam L. Cronin
{"title":"Varroa mites exhibit strong host fidelity despite spatial desegregation of mite and host species in Vietnam","authors":"Thi Thu Ha Nguyen, Yong-Chao Su, Adam L. Cronin","doi":"10.1007/s13592-025-01167-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-025-01167-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parasitic mites of the genus <i>Varroa</i> pose a serious threat to global apiculture. Host switches from native to introduced <i>Apis</i> species have occurred in multiple <i>Varroa</i> species, in some cases with devastating results. Additional host shifts and hybridisation among mite species and mite lineages on different hosts represent significant risks for apiculture and natural ecosystems. Quantifying this risk is thus an essential step toward management. The risk of hybridization among mite lineages on different hosts is likely to be at its highest in eastern Asia, where multiple host and mite lineages occur sympatrically. The available evidence, however, is somewhat contradictory, suggesting gene flow is occurring in some localities, but limited or absent in others. In this study, we elucidate the relationships between <i>Varroa</i> mites collected from <i>A. mellifera</i> and <i>A. cerana</i> in Vietnam, a region of high overlap of mite species and hosts, using a combination of genome-wide SNPs and mitochondrial sequence data. Our results indicate an absence of any new host shifts and a lack of gene flow across host species and between mite species, despite considerable overlap in mite and host species ranges. This confirms the findings of several earlier studies in this area but contrasts with evidence of hybridization in other regions, suggesting regional differences in the potential for gene flow between host/mite combinations. Nonetheless, we suggest this area remains one of high risk, because of (i) considerable overlap of mite lineages which elsewhere have been shown capable of interbreeding, (ii) evidence we find of human-mediated long-range dispersal events, which increase the chance of interaction among different mite lineages, and (iii) the persistent threat of secondary factors such as disease transmission, which may be facilitated by both of the factors above.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13592-025-01167-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}