Anticancer research最新文献

{"title":"Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Using CyberKnife for Metastatic Liver Tumors: A Single-center Retrospective Study.","authors":"Yasuhiro Ryuno, Takanori Abe, Keita Tsukahara, Jun Watanabe, Misaki Iino, Satoshi Saito, Tomomi Aoshika, Tomohiro Ohta, Mitsunobu Igari, Ryuta Hirai, Y U Kumazaki, Shin-Ei Noda, Shingo Kato","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Liver metastases are a major cause of cancer-related mortality and present significant therapeutic challenges. Chemotherapy is preferred for multiple metastases, while surgery or stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is used for solitary or few metastases, particularly in oligometastatic cases. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CyberKnife SBRT (CK-SBRT) for liver oligometastases.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed patients with one to three liver metastases treated with CK-SBRT. The prescribed dose was typically 60 Gy in four fractions to 95% of the target volume, with reductions allowed if organ-at-risk (OAR) constraints could not be met. The local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and liver dose-volume parameters were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 liver lesions in 27 patients were treated. At a median follow-up of 17 months, the 1-year LC and OS rates were 90% and 80%, respectively. In patients receiving 60 Gy in four fractions, these rates were 95% and 86%. No severe liver toxicity or radiation-induced liver disease occurred. Most patients met liver dose constraints, with low liver V15 and mean liver dose values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CK-SBRT provides effective tumor control with minimal toxicity for liver oligometastases. Careful dose planning and adherence to OAR constraints are essential to minimize toxicity risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"1127-1136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Molecular-targeted Agents in Vertebral Metastasis Management in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Midori Yui, Satoaki Nakamura, Yuhei Koike, Kazuki Hirota, Ken Yoshida, Asami Yoshida, Kenichi Ueda, Ken Shigeyama, Hideki Takegawa, Yusuke Anetai, Masaaki Paku, Takayasu Kurata, Hideya Yamazaki, Noboru Tanigawa","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The effect of modern molecular-targeted agents (MTAs), on vertebral metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains inadequately characterized. We investigated the local control effects of MTAs on vertebral metastases in patients with NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 307 vertebral metastases in 85 patients with NSCLC, treated between 2019 and 2021. Patients were categorized based on prior systemic therapy exposure (19 with <i>vs.</i> 66 without) and the type of first-line therapy administered (32 MTA <i>vs.</i> 34 non-MTAs). Multivariate analyses were performed for the vertebral progression-free period (vPFP) and overall survival (OS) using a Cox proportional hazards model with propensity scores as covariates. <i>p</i>-Value correction for multiple pairwise comparisons was performed using the Bonferroni method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In treatment-naïve patients, MTAs presented superior outcomes compared with non-MTAs [1-year vPFP: 93.6% <i>vs.</i> 85.1%, <i>p</i>=0.02; 1-year overall survival (OS): 90.3% <i>vs.</i> 60.9%, <i>p</i>=0.004]. Patients without prior systemic therapy had significantly better outcomes than previously treated patients (1-year vPFP: 89.5% <i>vs.</i> 49.1%, <i>p</i><0.001; 1-year OS: 75.2% <i>vs.</i> 34.2%, <i>p</i>=0.011). The multivariate analysis identified prior systemic therapy as a significant predictor of poor outcomes [vPFP: hazard ratio (HR)=6.78, <i>p</i><0.001; OS: HR=2.13, <i>p</i>=0.030].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modern systemic therapies, particularly MTAs, present significant efficacy in controlling vertebral metastases in patients with NSCLC without prior systemic therapy. Deferring local treatments may be feasible in patients without prior systemic therapy, whereas those who develop vertebral metastases after treatment may require additional treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"1105-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Plasma Interleukin-18 Levels in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Correlation With IL-18 Binding Protein But Not Ferritin.","authors":"Jonas Fleckner, Christian Idel, Anke Leichtle, Armin Steffen, Kirstin Plötze-Martin, Dirk Rades, Marie-Nicole Theodoraki, Thomas K Hoffmann, Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage, Ralph Pries","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive epithelial malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract, associated with poor survival. As part of the HNSCC microenvironment, the interleukin-18 (IL-18)/IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) signaling is becoming increasingly interesting as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the systemic expression levels of IL-18BP in the context of the immunological environment in HNSCC patients remain unexplored.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>ELISA measurements of plasma IL-18-BP were carried out with regard to associated inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein, acute phase protein ferritin, and IL-18 in 34 patients with HNSCC before and during the course of radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment and in correlation to the clinicopathological parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma IL-18BP concentrations were significantly elevated in HNSCC patients compared to healthy controls and correlated strongly with IL-18 levels before and after treatment. However, plasma ferritin levels, which were also elevated, showed no correlation with IL-18 or IL-18BP. Notably, changes in IL-18BP and IL-18 levels following therapy exhibited a well-maintained balance, indicating a functional feedback mechanism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results demonstrate a robust IL-18/IL-18BP feedback regulation in HNSCC, which likely aids tumor cells in evading anti-tumor immune responses. This balance, unaffected by radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy, underscores the potential of IL-18BP as a therapeutic target and a prognostic biomarker in HNSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"943-954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral CD4⁺ T Cells Predict T Cell Immunity in Lung Tissues of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.","authors":"Mari Tone, Tomomi Isono, Yoko Yamamoto, Yoshito Takeda, Yasushi Shintani, Atsushi Kumanogoh, Hisashi Wada, Kota Iwahori","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Previous investigations showed that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with a high percentage of a peripheral CD4⁺ T cell subset were more likely to have severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to anti-PD-1 therapy. The present study investigated the relationship between a peripheral CD4⁺ T cell subset and T cell immunity in the non-tumor lung tissues of patients with NSCLC to clarify the rationale of predictive biomarkers for anti-PD-1-related pneumonitis.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>We analyzed the T cell profiles and functions in peripheral blood and non-tumor lung tissues surgically resected from patients with NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In patients with NSCLC with a high percentage of the peripheral CD4⁺ T cell subset (CD45RA⁺CD25⁺CD4⁺ T cells), non-tumor lung tissues had a high percentage of PD-1⁺CD4⁺ T cells and a low percentage of PD-1⁺ effector regulatory T (Treg) cells. The percentage of PD-1⁺ effector Treg cells negatively correlated with IFNγ and TNFα production by CD4⁺ T cells in the lung tissues of patients with NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with NSCLC with a high percentage of the peripheral CD4⁺ T cell subset are at an increased risk of anti-PD-1-related pneumonitis, which activates PD-1⁺CD4⁺ T cells in the absence of the suppressive activity of effector Treg cells in lung tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"909-920"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world Outcomes in Recurrent/Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck With Nivolumab: Galician Study.","authors":"Leticia Iglesias, Rocío Vílchez, Santiago Aguín, Ramón García, Carolina Pena, Alberto Carral, Gerardo Huidobro, Aurea Molina, Jesús García Gómez, Marta Covela, Marinha Costa, Ana Medina","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Real-world evidence regarding the use of nivolumab in metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (R/M SCCHN) is limited. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and safety of nivolumab in R/M SCCHN patients treated in routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective, observational study evaluated the efficacy/safety of nivolumab in 116 patients with R/M SCCHN treated at nine centers within the Galician Group of Head and Neck Cancer health network between 2017 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Basal characteristics of patients included a median age of 60 years, ECOG performance status -2 (14%) and -3 (1%) and a first diagnosis of stage IV a/b/c (74%). Nivolumab was used as first line, second line, and third line therapy in 17%, 66%, and 17% of patients, respectively. After a median follow-up of 14 months (range=1-69 months), the median progression-free survival was 2.30 months (95%CI=1.45-3.14) and the median overall survival was 8.1 months (95%CI=5.93-10.23). Outcomes were better when nivolumab was administered earlier in treatment course. Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed in 21.27% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in the real-world treatment of R/M SCCHN.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"1181-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>NRAS^Q61K/R/L</i> Mutant Allele Frequency in Melanoma and its Correlation With Clinicopathological Characteristics.","authors":"Angela Zupa, Giulia Vita, Ludmila Carmen Omer, Giovanni Calice, Raffele Conca, Giuseppina Improta","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Approximately 80% of NRAS mutations in melanoma occur at codon 61, locking the NRAS protein into a GTP-bound state.We aimed to evaluate the mutant allele frequency (MAF) of <i>NRAS^Q61R/K/L</i> as a possible prognostic biomarker, expanding the classical histopathological prognostic criteria.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-six <i>NRAS^Q61R/K/L</i> mutated melanomas were analysed using next generation sequencing, to assess the possible correlation between MAF and clinicopathological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant difference (<i>p</i>-value <0.05) was found between the ratio of patients with MAF ≤30% (12/26, 46%) and MAF >30% (14/26, 54%). MAF ≤30% was more common in primary melanomas (10/12, 83.3%) and was also observed in patients with MAF >30%. Cases with MAF ≤30% had a higher percentage of Breslow's depth ≤1 mm (5/12, 41.7%) and a low Clark level (III) (6/12, 50%). Patients with MAF >30% and a high Clark level (V) showed a higher percentage (5/14, 57.2%). Nodular/epithelioid cell types were more frequently observed in MAF ≤30% (9/12, 75%) and MAF >30% (8/14, 57.2%) groups. A slightly higher number of MAF ≤30% cases were found with tumor cell percentages ranging from 11-40% (5/14, 41.7%), while MAF >30% cases were more common in patients with ≥71% tumor cells (9/14, 64.3%) and this difference was statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The MAF of <i>NRAS</i> was highly heterogeneous but was found to correlate with the percentage of tumor cells. To corroborate these data, the evaluation of <i>NRAS</i> MAF in a larger cohort of melanomas is necessary and fundamental.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"1015-1024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA Ligase 4 Inhibition Sensitizes Prostate Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Blockade <i>In Vivo</i>.","authors":"Jianchun Wu, Angelica M Lagunas, David L Crowe","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Prostate cancer is a common malignant tumor in men. DNA ligase IV (LIG4) expression correlated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients. LIG4 joins DNA double strand breaks and is essential for repair of these genetic lesions. Prostate cancers have not demonstrated clinically significant responses to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Prostate cancers express low PD-L1 levels and exhibit limited cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltrates. To determine the effects of LIG4 inhibition on prostate tumorigenesis, we created a new genetically engineered <i>in vivo</i> model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Lig4+/+;TAg and Lig4+/-;TAg prostate glands and tumors were processed for histopathology. Separate groups of prostate tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-PD1 antibody or preimmune IgG. LIG4 and PD-L1 expression was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression of DNA damage repair proteins, cell senescence, and cell death markers was determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy. The prostate cancer stem cell fraction was analyzed by Sca1/CD49f flow cytometry and tumorsphere culture. PD-L1 protein expression was determined by western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LIG4 inhibition induced DNA double strand breaks and cellular senescence in prostate glands and cancers and significantly reduced prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and tumorigenesis. LIG4 inhibition reduced the prostate cancer stem cell fraction and proliferation in stem cell cultures. Prostate cancers resistant to LIG4 inhibition evaded anti-tumor immune response due to increased PD-L1 expression. PD-1 antibody treatment of these cancers induced CD8+ T lymphocyte infiltration and reduced tumor volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inhibition of LIG4 sensitized prostate cancers to immune checkpoint inhibition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"883-896"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer Potential of Black Ginseng Extract in a Breast Cancer Cell Xenograft Mouse Model.","authors":"Hye Jin Park, Ha Rin Namkung, Su Bin Jung, Kwang-Tae Choi, Seung Tae Lee","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>This study evaluated the potential of black ginseng extract (BGE) for breast cancer prevention and treatment. Specifically, the effects of BGE on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells and the growth of solid breast tumors in mice were investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The antitumor efficacy of BGE was assessed by evaluating its cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells <i>in vitro. In vivo</i>, MDA-MB-231 cell xenograft nude mice were treated orally with BGE, and tumor volume, weight, and size, as well as body weight, were analyzed. Liver and spleen weights were measured, and histopathological examinations were performed to assess potential toxic effects of BGE on non-cancerous tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>In vitro</i>, BGE demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells, even at a minimum concentration of 100 μg/ml. <i>In vivo</i>, BGE treatment in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mice significantly reduced tumor weight and size without affecting body weight or tumor volume progression. Additionally, no significant differences in liver and spleen weights or histopathological abnormalities were observed, indicating the non-toxicity of BGE to major organs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BGE exhibited promising antitumor activity against breast cancer cells both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, with no detectable toxicity to vital organs. These findings highlighted the potential of BGE as an effective and safe therapeutic or preventive agent for breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"1047-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of Oncologic Total Humeral Reconstruction.","authors":"Leilani Garayua-Cruz, Samuel E Broida, Mikaela H Sullivan, Mark E Morrey, Jonathan D Barlow, Joaquin Sanchez-Sotelo, Matthew T Houdek","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The humerus is the most common site for malignant tumors in the upper extremity. Rarely, a total humeral resection with combined replacements of both the shoulder and the elbow are necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes after total humeral reconstruction at our institution.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Nine patients (5 females, 4 males, mean age 48±26 years) with a malignant tumor of the humerus were included in this study. This included five endoprostheses and four allograft prosthetic composites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative complications occurred in eight patients, most commonly deep vein thrombosis (DVT, n=3) and elbow contractures (n=3). Complications led to a revision procedure in one patient, with a cumulative incidence of failure of 25% at 5-years and a 5-year overall patient survival rate of 13%. At the most recent follow-up, the median Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score was 50%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Total humerus reconstruction is a rare surgical procedure that is associated with a high rate of complications with relatively poor functional outcomes. However, this option does offer a means of limb salvage for patients with limited options.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"1071-1075"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbrella Review on the Relationship Between Vitamin D Intake and Cancer.","authors":"Matthias Schömann-Finck, Thomas Vogt, Jörg Reichrath","doi":"10.21873/anticanres.17474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.17474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer is a major public health problem and the second leading cause of mortality in the European Union. Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to cancer via several pathways. However, umbrella reviews on the extra-skeletal effects of vitamin D have largely overlooked its connection to cancer. This review presents an overview of the relationship between vitamin D intake (nutritional and/or supplementation) and five major types of cancer (breast, colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and prostate cancer). The findings indicate that vitamin D intake may have a preventive effect on breast, colorectal, and lung cancer and may reduce colorectal cancer mortality. However, results for other cancers were inconsistent, and no data were available on the impact of vitamin D intake on pancreatic and lung cancer mortality. While there is some evidence suggesting potential benefits of vitamin D intake, most reviews are based on observational studies, limiting conclusions about causality. Additionally, methodological challenges related to vitamin D metabolism and study designs contribute to the inconclusive nature of the data. Further research is needed to clarify the role of vitamin D intake in cancer prevention and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8072,"journal":{"name":"Anticancer research","volume":"45 3","pages":"855-864"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}