Annals of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Research progress on the polysaccharide extraction and antibacterial activity","authors":"Lihui Liang, Qihang Su, Yu Ma, Shuzhen Zhao, Huanjie Zhang, Xiaofeng Gao","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01762-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01762-x","url":null,"abstract":"Over time, the amount of germs resistant to antibacterial medications has been steadily rising because of their prolonged and indiscriminate use. The increase in drug resistance significantly threatens to human health and has become a globally recognized issue of concern. Therefore, identifying new antibacterial drugs is urgently needed. Polysaccharides are natural macromolecular substances that exist in plants, microorganisms, and animals, They have an immense amount of use in the food and medical industries. Polysaccharides can be categorized as plant, animal, or microbial based on the sources of the polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are natural compounds with antibacterial properties that exerts antibacterial activity by disrupting bacterial cell walls and cell membranes. They show potential as candidates for the creation and application of novel antibiotics. This article reviews the classification of polysaccharides, their isolation and purification, mechanisms of action, and antibacterial activity. The primary objective of this study is to lay down an empirical groundwork for examining the antibacterial properties of polysaccharides.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of soil microbial community activities and soil physicochemical properties to coal fly ash soil amendment","authors":"Fangze Li, Tianqi Qi, Ge Zhang, Xingjie Lin, Xiaohua Li, Zhenqing Wu, Shuhui Men, Hongchao Liu, Shiwei Zhang, Zhanbin Huang","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01758-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01758-7","url":null,"abstract":"Hundreds of millions of tons coal fly ash are produced annually to support economic development and industrial production. However, directly applying coal fly ash to agricultural production can decrease the land productivity and pose a threat to the ecosystem due to the poor physicochemical properties and seriously heavy metal pollution. In this study, a field experiment to investigate the effects of coal fly ash as a soil amendment was conducted in Hebei province, China. The coal fly ash (CFA) soil field was mixed with the carrier soil (CS, without containing coal fly ash) at different rates (0–40% mass content) in the 0–20 cm layer of top soil and then mixed with a rotovator. The soil was then amended with 0.45–1.80 kg·m− 2 of G1 soil amendment for planting corn. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response mechanism of soil microbial community activities, and soil physicochemical properties to soil amendment and carrier soil in coal fly ash soil. The study found that the G1 amendment, which consisted of humic acid, polyacrylamide, zeolite powder, and FeSO4·7H2O, improved the soil chemical properties and physical structure by increasing soil bulk density and macroaggregates. The highest corn yield was observed in B5 (20% CS and 1.3500 kg·m− 2 G1). Meanwhile, the abundance of microorganisms that facilitate the circulation of soil nutrients such as Acidobacteria (77.05%), Sphingomonas (25.60%), Nitrospira (20.78%), Streptomyces (11.32%), and Gaiella (10.20%) was increased. Overall, our results indicate that the use of coal fly ash soil as a amendment can enhance soil sustainability by improving soil microbial functions. These findings provide a reference for the development and application of coal fly ash soil amendments.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140801322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overflow metabolism provides a selective advantage to Escherichia coli in mixed cultures","authors":"Muhammad Yasir, Nicholas M. Thomson, A. Keith Turner, Mark A. Webber, Ian G. Charles","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01760-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01760-z","url":null,"abstract":"It has previously been shown that organic acids produced by Escherichia coli suppress the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in co-cultures under conditions of glucose excess, due to overflow metabolism. Inactivation of genes involved in central carbon metabolism favours fermentation of glucose over respiration and therefore increases production of organic acid by-products such as acetate and lactate. We sought to extend and refine the list of genes known to contribute to the metabolic balance between respiration and fermentation, to better understand the role of overflow metabolism in competitive survival of E. coli. We confirmed the previous finding that E. coli excludes P. aeruginosa from co-cultures by producing organic acids in the presence of glucose. Using a genome-wide transposon screen we identified E. coli genes that are important for survival in co-cultures with P. aeruginosa, both with and without glucose supplementation. Central carbon metabolism was the dominant gene function under selection in our experimental conditions, indicating that the observed inhibition is a side-effect of overflow metabolism adopted by E. coli as a response to high glucose concentrations. The presence of a competing species increased the selective pressure for central carbon metabolism genes, with 31 important for growth in the presence of P. aeruginosa and glucose, while only 9 were significant for pure E. coli cultures grown with glucose. In our experiments, each transposon mutant was competed against all others in the pool, suggesting that overflow metabolism provides benefits to individual E. coli cells in addition to competitive inhibition derived from acidification of the growth medium. Co-culture assays using transposon mutant libraries can provide insight into the selective pressures present in mixed species competition. This work demonstrates central carbon metabolism is the dominant gene function under selection in E. coli for aerobic growth in glucose and a side-effect of this is overflow metabolism which can inhibit growth of bystander species.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collection methods of wild barn owl pellets at low environmental contamination and proposals of microbiological and ecological investigations","authors":"Claudio Caprari, Antonio Bucci, Fabio Divino, Simone Giovacchini, Enrico Mirone, Pamela Monaco, Giada Perrella, Luca Quaranta, Simone Scalabrino, Giancarlo Ranalli","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01759-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01759-6","url":null,"abstract":"The barn owl Tyto alba is a medium-sized nocturnal raptor, predator of small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects, distributed all over the world. Environmentally uncontaminated wild barn owl pellets are hard and rare to find and provide a natural matrix for biological investigations. Different solutions for collecting wild barn owl pellets at low environmental contamination are proposed. These solutions are based on a daily sanitized surface for sample retrieval, followed by rapid analysis. As an example of the possible investigations that can be carried out on these matrices, with the aim to highlight the relevance of the obtained results also from a biotechnological perspective. Two rare pellet samples from wild barn owl T. alba, appropriately collected in a rural area of central Italy, were analyzed using culture-dependent, molecular (Next-Generation Sequencing), and enzyme profile analysis techniques. The osteological observations of the bone remains provided useful information for identifying the prey, mainly rodents (Apodemus sp.). Under our experimental conditions, the results revealed both a wide heterogeneity between the pellet microbiota and a great percentage of uncultured bacteria not classified at the species level. Furthermore, microbial cultures of Malbranchea albolutea, Debaryomyces hansenii, and Lactobacillus sp. were isolated and studied. Finally, we quantified the environmental impact of our experimental work in terms of CO2 equivalent release. To compensate for the release of 300 kg/CO2 eq., three Taxus. baccata L. were planted. This work provides a starting point for developing an effective strategy to study and characterize wild barn owl pellets at low environmental contamination. It presents a simple and easy technique/protocol for collecting the pellets. The microbiota heterogeneity found in the two analyzed samples suggests that barn owl pellets can represent a potential natural reservoir for the discovery of new microorganisms to be used in various biotechnological applications. This could open the way for further large-scale studies on a greater number of samples and populations. ","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioethanol production from sugarcane molasses by co-fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate TA2 and Wickerhamomyces anomalus isolate HCJ2F-19","authors":"Estifanos Hawaz, Mesfin Tafesse, Anteneh Tesfaye, Solomon Kiros, Dereje Beyene, Gessesse Kebede, Teun Boekhout, Marizeth Groenwald, Bart Theelen, Ayantu Degefe, Sisay Degu, Alene Admasu, Biru Hunde, Diriba Muleta","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01757-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01757-8","url":null,"abstract":"Co-culturing is a widely used method to improve bioethanol production from biomass enriched in fermentable sugars. This study aims to produce bioethanol from sugarcane molasses by simultaneous co-fermentation of S. cerevisiae isolate TA2 and W. anomalus isolate HCJ2F-19. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was employed to optimize fermentation conditions, including mixing rate (110–150 rpm), temperature (25–35 °C), molasses concentration (25–35 obrix), and incubation time (36–72 h). The ethanol concentration was analyzed using HPLC equipped with a UV detector. The monocultureS. cerevisiae isolate TA2 produced 17.2 g.L−1 of ethanol, 0.33 g.g−1 of ethanol yield, and 0.36 g.L−1.h−1 of productivity compared to W. anomalus isolate HCJ2F that produced 14.5 g.L−1, 0.30 g.g−1 and 0.28 g.L−1.h−1 ethanol, ethanol yield, and productivity under laboratory conditions, respectively. In comparison to single cultures of S. cerevisiae TA2 and W. anomalus HCJ2F, the co-fermentation using both isolates showed an increased ethanol yield of 29% and 53% compared to the single species fermentations, respectively. The results showed that the growth of W. anomalus HCJ2F-19 and S. cerevisiae TA2 was not influenced by each other during the co-fermentation process. The one variable at a time optimization (OVAT) analysis resulted in an ethanol concentration of 26.5 g.L−1 with a specific yield and productivity of 0.46 g.g−1, 0.55 g.L−1.h−1, respectively, at pH 5.5, 25 obrix, 48 h, 150 rpm, 30 °C, 60:40 inoculum ratio, and 10% overall inoculum size. The maximum ethanol concentration of 35.5 g.L−1 was obtained by co-fermentation using the RSM-CCD tool at 30 obrix, 30 °C, 54 h, and 130 rpm. The results suggested that the co-fermentation of S. cerevisiae isolate TA2 and W. anomalus isolate HCJ2F improves bioethanol production from sugar cane molasses under optimum fermentation conditions.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"2014 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140568495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of sweet pepper straw biochar on soil microbial communities and growth of continuously cropped cucumber","authors":"Hengyu Li, Jie Lou, Xiaolu Chen, Yuwei Dou, Dalong Zhang, Min Wei","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01755-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01755-w","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates biochar from crop residues as a solution to soil degradation in continuous monoculture within greenhouse agriculture, focusing on its impact on soil microbial communities and cucumber plant growth. We analyzed biochar derived from tomato straw (TSB), sweet pepper straw (SPSB), and eggplant straw (ESB), assessing their nutrient content, cation exchange capacity, and adsorption rates. This study examined the effects of three concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% w/w) of the more promising SPSB on soil properties and cucumber growth. SPSB showed significantly higher levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, along with superior adsorption capacity compared to TSB and ESB. The 5% w/w SPSB concentration notably improved cucumber growth, increasing plant height by 13.01%, stem thickness by 20.79%, leaf area by 50.26%, and dry weight by 58.56% relative to the control. High-throughput sequencing revealed this concentration significantly altered soil microbial community structure, enhancing bacterial and fungal diversity. It increased beneficial bacterial groups (Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacillus) and modified fungal communities, with a decrease in Ascomycota and Aspergillus and shifts in Penicillium abundance. Functional genomic analysis indicated enrichment in bacterial metabolic pathways and fungal replication and expression genes. SPSB, especially at a 5% w/w concentration, emerges as an effective soil amendment in greenhouses affected by continuous monoculture. This approach represents a sustainable method to enhance soil health and crop productivity.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140070076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Molecular diversity and spore density of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in acid sulfate soil in Thailand","authors":"Masao Higo, Katsunori Isobe, Dong-Jin Kang, Tomiya Maekawa, Ryuichi Ishii","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01756-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01756-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Correction: Annals of Microbiology 61, 383–389 (2011)</b></p><p><b>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-010-0142-0</b></p><p>Following publication of the original article (Higo et al. 2011), the authors reported a typo and misdescription of the weed plant’s name in Fig. 2. The names of the plants in Fig. 2 were in the wrong order.</p><p>The incorrect caption is: Fig. 2 Indigenous plants species inhabiting the ASS. <b>a </b><i>Digitaria</i> sp., <b>b </b><i>Fimbristylis</i> sp., <b>c </b><i>Mimosa pudica L.</i>, <b>d </b><i>Sesbania</i> sp., <b>e</b><i>Wedelia</i> sp.</p><p>The correct caption is: Fig. 2 Indigenous plants species inhabited in ASS. <b>a</b>: <i>Fimbristylis</i> sp., <b>b</b>: <i>Mimosa pudica L.</i>, <b>c</b>: <i>Sesbania</i> sp., <b>d</b>: <i>Digitaria</i> sp., <b>e</b>: <i>Wedelia</i> sp.</p><p>The original article (Higo et al. 2011) has been updated.</p><ul data-track-component=\"outbound reference\"><li><p>Higo M, Isobe K, Kang DJ et al (2011) Molecular diversity and spore density of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in acid sulfate soil in Thailand. Ann Microbiol 61:383–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-010-0142-0</p><p>Article Google Scholar </p></li></ul><p>Download references<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"16\" role=\"img\" width=\"16\"><use xlink:href=\"#icon-eds-i-download-medium\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"></use></svg></p><h3>Authors and Affiliations</h3><ol><li><p>College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan</p><p>Masao Higo, Katsunori Isobe & Ryuichi Ishii</p></li><li><p>Teaching and Research Center for Bio-coexistence, Hirosaki Universty, 84-133 Kanagi-machi, Aomori, 037-0202, Japan</p><p>Dong-Jin Kang</p></li><li><p>National Agricultural Research Center, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8666, Japan</p><p>Tomiya Maekawa</p></li></ol><span>Authors</span><ol><li><span>Masao Higo</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Katsunori Isobe</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Dong-Jin Kang</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Tomiya Maekawa</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li><li><span>Ryuichi Ishii</span>View author publications<p>You can also search for this author in <span>PubMed<span> </span>Google Scholar</span></p></li></ol><h3>Corresponding author</h3><p>Correspondence to Katsunori Isobe.</p><h3>Publisher’s Note</h3><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p><p>The online version of the original article can be found at https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-010-01","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140007498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of coliphages from different water sources and their biocontrol application combined with electron beam irradiation for elimination of E. coli in domestic wastewater","authors":"Reham Fathy, Amal S. Eid, Ali A. Hammad, Salwa A. Abou El-Nour","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01754-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01754-x","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Escherichia coli (E. coli), are high-risk waterborne pathogens that pose a vital threat to the general public’s health. Therefore, this study aims to develop alternative and affordable treatment approaches. Coliphage treatment is an economically and environmentally sustainable method for eliminating pathogenic bacteria. A significant step toward improving germicidal effectiveness might be to combine coliphage with electron beam treatment. Twelve isolated E. coli were used as host bacteria. In addition, eleven coliphages were isolated and characterized to determine their suitable host range and lytic activities. Antibiotic resistance was tested to detect the most antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates. Results indicated that E. coli-2 and E. coli-10 were the most resistant bacterial isolates. Both somatic coliphage-3 (S3) and F-specific coliphage-3 (F3) were the most active lytic coliphages. Based on transmission electron microscope analysis, S3 was classified as a member of the Myoviridae family, while F3 belonged to the Leviviridae family. Genome types were detected; the S3 genome was a linear double-stranded DNA virus, while the F3 genome was a single-strand RNA virus. The adjustment of pH to 7 and temperature to 38 °C increased coliphage activity by 32.2% for S3 and 14% for F3. The optimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) for S3 was 1:1 and 2:1 for F3. From the one-step growth curve, both the latent periods of S3 and F3 were estimated to be 30 and 20 min, and the burst sizes showed 5.8 and 4.6 (PFU)/infected cells, respectively. The D10 values of the most two antimicrobial-resistant strains (E. coli-2 and E. coli-10) were calculated, showing nearly identical values (0.37 and 0.38 kGy), respectively. Both coliphages were used, either alone or in combination with electron beam irradiation (EBI), to eradicate the most multidrug-resistant E. coli in domestic wastewater. EBI reduced the counts of E. coli-2 and -10 by 59% and 65%, respectively. While the combination of coliphages and EBI completely eradicated these microbes. Combination of each individual coliphage and EBI decreased the growth of E. coli in domestic wastewater to an undetectable level. ","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139917527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of metabolites in the mycelium of Cordyceps fumosorosea cultured on Periplaneta americana","authors":"Tahir Khan, Hou Dong-Hai, Jin-Na Zhou, Yin-Long Yang, Hong Yu","doi":"10.1186/s13213-024-01752-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-024-01752-z","url":null,"abstract":"Cordyceps fumosorosea is one of the common species within the Cordyceps genus, which are cultured on Periplaneta americana. This study aimed to determine the composition of bioactive compounds, including β-glucans, polysaccharides, cordycepic acid, flavonoids, ergosterol, and nitrogenous compounds (specifically nucleosides: adenosine, guanosine, adenine, and hypoxanthine), present in the mixture and mycelium at various time incubation. Different bioactive compounds, including β-1,3-glucan, polysaccharides, cordycepic acid, flavonoids, ergosterol, and nitrogenous compounds (specifically nucleosides: adenosine, guanosine, adenine, and hypoxanthine) are detected from C. fumosorosea which cultured on P. americana by UV and HPLC. Mycelia of C. fumosorosea were cultivated in P. americana (medium). The highest total β-1,3-glucan content was observed in the mixture (C. fumosorosea + P. americana) after 25 days (69.21 ± 0.07 mg/g) and in the mycelium after 25 days (56.32 ± 0.39 mg/g) using different solvents. The highest β-1,3-glucan content was attained at specific time incubation in other solvents. The content of cordycepic acid peaked at 52.28 ± 0.11 mg/g in the mixture after 25 days and at 46.96 ± 0.13 mg/g in the mycelium after 25 days. The polysaccharide content reached its highest level in the mixture after 20 days (16.68 ± 0.38 mg/g) and in the mycelium after 20 days (14.85 ± 0.10 mg/g). The peak flavonoid content was observed in the mixture after 25 days (4.65 ± 0.24 mg/g) and in the mycelium after 25 days (4.04 ± 0.07 mg/g). Nucleosides, including adenine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, and guanosine, exhibited their highest levels after 25 days in the mixture and mycelium. Ergosterol content peaks at 25 days (2.25 ± 0.04 mg/g). Cordyceps fumosorosea mixture and time incubation of 20 and 25 days are optimal for detecting a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including β-1,3-glucan, polysaccharides, cordycepic acid, flavonoids, ergosterol, and nucleosides.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139689439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process analysis of the anaerobe Phocaeicola vulgatus in a shake flasks and fermenter reveals pH and product inhibition","authors":"Laura Keitel, Katharina Miebach, Lea Rummel, Stanislav Yordanov, Jochen Büchs","doi":"10.1186/s13213-023-01745-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13213-023-01745-4","url":null,"abstract":"The anaerobic gut bacterium Phocaeicola vulgatus (formerly Bacteroides vulgatus) has a significant role in the human gut microbiome. It can produce bioactive compounds with antimicrobial properties and industrially relevant organic acids like succinate. However, there is a knowledge gap in understanding the metabolism of P. vulgatus, as cultivation of anaerobic gut bacteria is challenging and usually conducted with enriched microbiota cultures. We aim to close this gap by characterizing this anaerobe bacterium in different cultivation conditions and scales. In this work, axenic cultures were studied in a shake flask and 2 L fermenter scale to characterize the influence of initial pH, buffer concentration, osmolality, and product inhibition on growth and organic acid production by P. vulgatus. Both cultivation systems had online gas measurements for total gas and CO2 production. HPLC analysis generated closed carbon balances, accounting for all produced acids. Total gas transfer rates and CO2 transfer rates revealed that 65% of produced gas was attributed to H2, while just 35% was connected to CO2 production. A minimum buffer concentration of 50 mM MOPS and an initial pH of 7.3 were identified to mitigate pH inhibition in P. vulgatus cultivations with a defined minimal medium and glucose as substrate. The initial addition of lactate showed an inhibitory effect, starting at a concentration of 1 g L−1. On the contrary, initial acetate addition was beneficial for organic acid production. A comparison of a pH-buffered and a pH-controlled 2 L fermentation demonstrated a switch in acid production toward succinate under pH control. The study provides insight into improved cultivation conditions for the gut bacterium P. vulgatus and demonstrates a successful scale-up from the shake flask to the 2 L bioreactor. By applying pH control in the bioreactor, growth was increased, and the organic acid production was switched from lactate to succinate. Even though P. vulgatus could serve as a production organism for interesting bioactive compounds and organic acids, further characterization and improvement are necessary to improve titers.","PeriodicalId":8069,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Microbiology","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139590267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}