Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)最新文献_第4页

Richard Edwin Hills. 30 September 1945—5 June 2022 理查德·埃德温·希尔斯，1945年9月30日- 2022年6月5日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0044

M. Longair

引用次数: 0

Alan Graham Macdiarmid. 14 April 1927—7 February 2007 艾伦·格雷厄姆·麦克迪亚米德。1927年4月14日至2007年2月7日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0045

A. Holmes, M. Klein, R. Baughman

{"title":"Alan Graham Macdiarmid. 14 April 1927—7 February 2007","authors":"A. Holmes, M. Klein, R. Baughman","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2022.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2022.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Alan G. MacDiarmid was an inorganic chemist by training who pioneered the field of synthetic metals. He grew up in a family that lived frugally, and he had to work in the Chemistry Department of the Victoria University of Wellington as a laboratory assistant before he could undertake part-time degree studies. He was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to the University of Wisconsin, where he completed his first PhD with Norris Hall. The desire to receive a higher degree in the UK led to a Shell Scholarship to complete a second doctorate with Harry Emeléus FRS. After a sojourn at the University of St Andrews, Alan MacDiarmid was appointed to an academic position at the University of Pennsylvania, where he remained essentially for his whole career. His early research was based on the properties of silicon hydrides, but he also became interested in poly(sulfur nitride). This led to a search in collaboration with Alan J. Heeger for intrinsically conducting non-metallic materials. A chance meeting with Hideki Shirakawa at the University of Tokyo led to MacDiarmid being shown thin metallic-like films of poly(acetylene) made in Shirakawa's laboratory. Shirakawa travelled to Philadelphia to collaborate with MacDiarmid and Heeger on the halogen ‘doping’ of poly(acetylene), which led to the discovery that the doped material was an excellent conductor. Thus, the field of synthetic metals was born. This paradigm-shifting work in which a polymer was shown to be a conductor led to the award of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to these three individuals. MacDiarmid went on to study in great detail the properties of polyaniline; the fact that it could be processed from solution and further modified by oxidative and protonic doping led to all sorts of potentially interesting opportunities in optoelectronics. From all this research, the modern field of organic electronic materials emerged as an important disruptive technology whose advancement depended on an entirely new branch of interdisciplinary science.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49627719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

James Kay Graham Watson. 20 April 1936—18 December 2020 詹姆斯·凯·格雷厄姆·沃森，1936年4月20日- 2020年12月18日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0038

A. Mckellar, T. Oka

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Sir David Allan (Dai) Rees. 28 April 1936—10 June 2021 戴爵士。1930年4月28日至2021年6月10日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0043

Chris Lawson, P. Lillford

{"title":"Sir David Allan (Dai) Rees. 28 April 1936—10 June 2021","authors":"Chris Lawson, P. Lillford","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2022.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2022.0043","url":null,"abstract":"Dai Rees was a carbohydrate chemist, who made major contributions to our understanding of the structure and function of naturally occurring polysaccharides. During his time at the University of Edinburgh he was the first to identify the self-association of polysaccharides from red algae such as agarose and the carrageenans into ordered double helical structures. This understanding of polysaccharide structure and functionality achieved in Edinburgh was of interest to carbohydrate chemists and the industries where these materials are widely used, such as foods and pharmaceuticals. Throughout the 1970s, Dai worked in the Unilever Colworth House laboratory as principal scientist. He continued his studies of polysaccharide structure and function, but also led fundamental research in emerging sciences of corporate interest to Unilever's long-term business future. Dai believed that high quality science was the source of uniqueness in innovation and technology. He identified that problems in research require a multidisciplinary approach, and at Colworth House he organized smaller projects into research themes, allowing faster development of both understanding and application. This philosophy was practised throughout his management career. He became director of the National Institute for Medical Research in 1982, and from 1987 to 1996 was the chief executive of the Medical Research Council. At the same time, he was a senior advisor to the UK National Technology Foresight exercise and president of the European Science Foundation. After retirement, he was instrumental in establishing the Centre for Novel Agricultural Products at the University of York, funded by the Garfield Weston Foundation.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45058202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alan Baker. 19 August 1939—4 February 2018 艾伦·贝克。1939年8月19日至2018年2月4日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0033

David Masser FRS

{"title":"Alan Baker. 19 August 1939—4 February 2018","authors":"David Masser FRS","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2022.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2022.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Alan Baker single-handedly transformed several areas of number theory. He achieved a major breakthrough in transcendence and applied it to obtain a new and important large class of transcendental numbers, opening the way to the subsequent discovery of several other such classes. He developed quantitative versions and applied them to the effective solutions of many classical diophantine equations as well as the first effective improvement on the 1844 result by Joseph Liouville (ForMemRS 1850) on diophantine approximation and the resolution of the celebrated Gauss Conjectures of 1801 on class numbers, not only h = 1 but also h = 2, of imaginary quadratic fields. He started the study of extensions to elliptic curves, opening the way to later generalizations to abelian varieties and commutative group varieties and in turn their applications to old and new problems in diophantine geometry. In 1970 he was awarded the Fields Medal at the International Congress in Nice on the basis of his outstanding work on linear forms in logarithms and its consequences. He received many other honours, including the prestigious University of Cambridge Adams Prize, and he was made an honorary fellow of University College London, a foreign fellow of the Indian Academy of Science, a foreign fellow of the National Academy of Sciences India, an honorary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49285880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sir Ian Alexander McGregor. 26 August 1922 – 1 February 2007 伊恩·亚历山大·麦格雷戈爵士。1922年8月26日至2007年2月1日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0041

R. J. M. (Iain) Wilson

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Naomi Datta. 17 September 1922 – 30 November 2008 娜奥米·达塔。1922年9月17日至2008年11月30日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0032

P. Barth

引用次数: 0

Herbert (Freddie) Gutfreund. 21 October 1921—21 March 2021 Herbert (Freddie) Gutfreund 1921年10月21日- 2021年3月21日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0024

D. Trentham, M. Geeves

{"title":"Herbert (Freddie) Gutfreund. 21 October 1921—21 March 2021","authors":"D. Trentham, M. Geeves","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Herbert (Freddie) Gutfreund (hereafter called Freddie) made fundamental contributions to molecular enzymology—a name he introduced into the UK Biochemical Society as its first subgroup and as a discipline within the field of biochemistry. Freddie was born in Austria but moved to the UK in 1938, aged 17, during the upheavals across Europe leading up to World War II. He initially worked as a farm hand before his motivation in science took him first to the University of Liverpool, then Imperial College London as a Research Assistant, and on to Cambridge University. His experiences in Cambridge and the friends he made there during the foundation of modern molecular biology in the 1950s remained a major influence throughout his later career. He spent a short period at the National Dairying Research Institute near Reading, followed by the major part of his career at Bristol University, where he founded the Molecular Enzymology Laboratory within the Department of Biochemistry. He developed and encouraged a school of physical biochemistry built especially around the field of transient kinetics of enzyme-catalysed reactions. Freddie will probably be remembered most for the impact he made in his journal publications and through his four books, written over more than four decades, each around some aspect of molecular enzymology.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43898948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Nigel Oscar Weiss. 16 December 1936 — 24 June 2020 奈杰尔·奥斯卡·维斯。1936年12月16日至2020年6月24日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0039

M. Proctor

{"title":"Nigel Oscar Weiss. 16 December 1936 — 24 June 2020","authors":"M. Proctor","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2022.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2022.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Nigel Weiss was an astrophysicist and applied mathematician, born in South Africa but based in Cambridge for most of his career. He made a number of important contributions to the study of sunspots, where he produced a detailed model of their complex structure. He also made important contributions to theory of the solar 22-year magnetic cycle, using pioneering numerical modelling and drawing attention to the dynamical effects of symmetry breaking and of historic proxy data through observations of radioactive isotopes in tree rings and ice cores. A major part of his work was the numerical and theoretical investigation of many aspects of the interaction of magnetic fields with thermal convection in the Sun and stars. The numerical studies in particular were pioneering in the context of computer resources at that time. He led a talented group of students and postdocs, many of whom have held senior positions in UK and US universities. He combined great physical insight with expertise in numerical computation, nonlinear dynamics and bifurcation theory, and was an inspirational supervisor and mentor, combining high academic standards with an open generous nature. Apart from his work he had a strong interest in twentieth-century art and served on the National Gallery Consultative Group for many years.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41426008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lionel Alexander Bethune (Alastair) Pilkington. 7 January 1920—5 May 1995 莱昂内尔·亚历山大·白求恩(阿拉斯泰尔)·皮尔金顿1920年1月7日- 1995年5月5日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2022-12-21 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0025

B. Oxley

引用次数: 0