Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)最新文献

Geoffrey Wilson Greenwood. 3 February 1929—13 December 2022 杰弗里·威尔逊·格林伍德1929年2月3日- 2022年12月13日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-10-25 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0022

Harshad K. D. H. Bhadeshia

引用次数: 0

Sir Michael Llewellyn Rutter. 15 August 1933—23 October 2021 迈克尔·卢埃林·鲁特爵士，1933年8月15日- 2021年10月23日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0018

Barbara Maughan, Andrew Pickles

{"title":"Sir Michael Llewellyn Rutter. 15 August 1933—23 October 2021","authors":"Barbara Maughan, Andrew Pickles","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0018","url":null,"abstract":"Sir Michael Rutter was the first professor of Child Psychiatry in the UK, and is widely credited with establishing child psychiatry as an academic discipline. Across five decades he transformed the field, challenging accepted thinking, clarifying concepts, devising methodologies, and undertaking ground-breaking and foundational research. Every part of the field bears the stamp of his endeavours, whether via advances in classification, the design of assessment instruments, or the application of innovative designs. He undertook the first systematic epidemiological studies of child mental health in the UK, made extensive studies of both genetic and environmental risks for child psychopathology, clarified conceptualizations of risk and protective factors and resilience, proposed the influential developmental psychopathology paradigm, and was an acknowledged world leader in the study of autism. He trained many of the next generation of academic child psychiatrists, who extended his influence across the globe. Much of his research impacted policy, and he was widely revered, both nationally and internationally, for his seminal contributions to advancing understanding of both child development and child mental health.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135548082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

John Frank Allen. 6 May 1908—22 April 2001 约翰·弗兰克·艾伦，1908年5月6日- 2001年4月22日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0021

Jonathan G. M. Armitage, Malcolm S. Longair

{"title":"John Frank Allen. 6 May 1908—22 April 2001","authors":"Jonathan G. M. Armitage, Malcolm S. Longair","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0021","url":null,"abstract":"John Frank (Jack) Allen was a Canadian-born pioneer of low temperature physics. With his graduate student, Don Misener, he discovered the phenomenon of superfluidity on passing HeII through very narrow glass capillaries. Simultaneously, and independently, the phenomenon was discovered by Piotr Kapitza FRS in the Soviet Union. Jack's most famous discovery in 1938 was the fountain effect in liquid HeII, a further manifestation of the role of superfluidity at very low temperatures. The Nobel Prize for the discovery of superfluidity was awarded to Kapitza in 1978. Jack invented the O-ring as a reliable vacuum seal and, in 1947, followed this by the indium-ring cryogenic seal. In 1958, with John Bardeen (ForMemRS 1973) and Jan de Boer, he initiated a project that saved three million cubic feet of helium gas from being lost to the world. After running the Mond Laboratory in the Cavendish Laboratory from the late 1930s, in 1947 he was appointed professor of natural philosophy at St Andrews University, where he led the construction of a new physics building and built up an internationally respected department. He campaigned for student representation, and was well known for his physics demonstrations. In later life, he carried out a programme to erect plaques to Nevil Maskelyne FRS, who measured the gravitational constant G , and to celebrate the achievements of St Andrews luminaries.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134990453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peter John Lawrenson. 12 March 1933 — 27 October 2017 彼得·约翰·劳伦森，1933年3月12日至2017年10月27日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0016

Michael J. Turner

引用次数: 0

Michael Francis Land. 12 April 1942 — 14 December 2020 迈克尔·弗朗西斯·兰德1942年4月12日- 2020年12月14日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0023

Thomas Cronin, Dan-Eric Nilsson, Daniel Osorio

{"title":"Michael Francis Land. 12 April 1942 — 14 December 2020","authors":"Thomas Cronin, Dan-Eric Nilsson, Daniel Osorio","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Michael (Mike) Land made lasting contributions to physiological optics of diverse animals and to understanding how animals and humans move their eyes. He combined a keen interest in natural history and evolution with elegant and accessible mathematical accounts of optics and vision. In the early part of his career he discovered focusing mechanisms based on reflection in scallops' and compound eyes, and elucidated the evolutionary and functional relationships between spatial resolution and absolute sensitivity in eyes. Starting with studies of how spiders and flies use eye and body movements to track and intercept moving targets, Land went on to apply similar principles to human visuo-motor behaviour. He described where we look during routine tasks, such as making tea, and in more exacting conditions, such as driving and playing cricket. He showed how eye movements are tailored top-down for a given task, and found that typically we foveate each location a fraction of a second before each action. Finally, he suggested how behaviour and awareness are anchored to an internal representation that incorporates egocentric and allocentric frames of reference. Land's deep curiosity about the living world led him to discover visual principles of an unexcelled diversity of creatures.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42509639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

John Robert Lawrence Allen. 25 October 1932—18 October 2020 约翰·罗伯特·劳伦斯·艾伦，1932年10月25日- 2020年10月18日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0009

P. Worsley, M. Bell, M. Fulford

{"title":"John Robert Lawrence Allen. 25 October 1932—18 October 2020","authors":"P. Worsley, M. Bell, M. Fulford","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0009","url":null,"abstract":"John Allen was one of the leading British geologists of the late twentieth century, who changed his primary research focus in mid career from clastic sedimentology to geoarchaeology. He read for a BSc degree in geology at the University of Sheffield, graduating with first class honours in 1955. He continued at Sheffield as a postgraduate student researching the geology of the Old Red Sandstone of the Clee Hills in Shropshire, but never submitted a PhD thesis. However, in 1958 the University of Reading offered him a research fellowship to investigate the geology of the hydrocarbon-rich River Niger delta region. In 1961 he became a lecturer in geology and a member of the new purpose-built Sedimentology Research Laboratory at Reading. The international renown of the laboratory was largely based on his prodigious sedimentological research output relating to sedimentary structures, river and coastal environments and Devonian continental deposits. He was appointed reader in 1967 and professor in 1972. In 1974 he led the founding of a taught MSc course in ‘Sedimentology and its applications’, which soon became a world leader. In 1988, in the context of the rationalization of university geology departments, Reading's department was selected for closure. However, John Allen's research esteem was such that a special case was made and a postgraduate-only institute specializing in sedimentology was established with him as director. He resigned the directorship after five years in favour of a research professorship. His objectives changed from orthodox old-rock studies to research on recent muddy estuarine sediments. By selecting the estuary of the River Severn as his new field area, he soon realized that this opened up a rich area of collaboration with colleagues in archaeology. His geological skills were subsequently applied to a range of archaeological problems. He became a key contributor to a new MSc degree course in geoarchaeology.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48005496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Andrew David McLachlan. 25 January 1935—8 July 2022 安德鲁·大卫·麦克拉克伦。1935年1月25日至2022年7月8日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0014

A. McLachlan, Bio Mems, Fell. R. Soc, A. David, McLachlan, A. J. Stone, M. Stewart, D. Eisenberg, R. Crowther, Frs FMedSci

{"title":"Andrew David McLachlan. 25 January 1935—8 July 2022","authors":"A. McLachlan, Bio Mems, Fell. R. Soc, A. David, McLachlan, A. J. Stone, M. Stewart, D. Eisenberg, R. Crowther, Frs FMedSci","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Andrew McLachlan enjoyed a wide-ranging career, starting as a theoretical chemist and ending as a molecular biologist. After reading physics as an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge, he joined the Theoretical Chemistry Section of the Chemistry Department to study for a PhD. His work on electron spin resonance then led to his election as a research fellow at Trinity. Following postdoctoral work in the United States, he returned to Cambridge as a college lecturer in physics at Trinity and was eventually appointed a university lecturer in chemistry. Despite a productive research programme in various aspects of theoretical chemistry, he decided that a move into the newly developing subject of molecular biology would provide an exciting opportunity. Accordingly, in 1967 he accepted an offer to join the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology. The initial plan was to work on the mechanism of oxygen uptake by haemoglobin, but he quickly became interested in wider problems of protein structure. In particular, he developed methods for aligning the sequences of different proteins and for detecting repeated sequences and motifs, leading to an interest in the evolution of protein sequences. In collaboration with others, he applied his methods to a wide range of proteins, providing important understanding of their structures and relationships.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42237268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Peter Damian Richardson. 22 August 1935 — 21 April 2020 彼得·达米安·理查森，1935年8月22日- 2020年4月21日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0013

Brian Launder

{"title":"Peter Damian Richardson. 22 August 1935 — 21 April 2020","authors":"Brian Launder","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Peter Richardson, over a remarkably diverse career, made outstanding contributions to biomedical engineering in the performance of artificial lungs and in the treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombi. Despite difficult teenage years, he read mechanical engineering at Imperial College, London, continuing thereafter to complete a PhD on heat transfer from rotating discs. He obtained a post-doctoral position in a similar field at Brown University that led to an academic appointment there that lasted throughout his career. Following his first sabbatical leave, he became deeply interested in physiological flows. This led to an intensive and productive period of research with Pierre Galletti in advancing the development of the artificial lung. When it became evident that artificial lungs, like their natural counterpart, suffered similar problems of depositions on artery walls and thrombi, he re-directed his research to diagnosing and alleviating these problems, collaborating in this research for over 30 years with Gustav Born FRS. At Brown, besides his research, he is affectionately remembered for his roles in chairing at senior levels often challenging committee meetings.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42600788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kenneth John Packer. 18 May 1938—18 September 2021 肯尼斯·约翰·帕克。1938年5月18日至2021年9月18日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0050

P. Jonsen

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Ian Michael Glynn. 3 June 1928—7 July 2022 Ian Michael Glynn. 3 June 1928—7 July 2022

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0011

V. Lew, S. Karlish

{"title":"Ian Michael Glynn. 3 June 1928—7 July 2022","authors":"V. Lew, S. Karlish","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0011","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid 1950s the convergence of crucial discoveries on nerve and muscle physiology brought to centre stage the question of how sodium and potassium concentration gradients needed for nerve conduction and muscle contraction are maintained. This was the subject Ian Glynn set out to investigate when he returned to Cambridge as a Trinity College graduate student in 1953. His initial results on the sodium and potassium permeabilities of the human red blood cell membrane, published in 1956–1967, established these cells as an ideal experimental system for studying the transport properties of the ‘sodium pump’ because of the ease with which the ionic composition of intra- and extracellular environments could be controlled, cell metabolism managed and ionic fluxes measured using isotopes. This work was followed by ground-breaking contributions from his research group over the next decades in a long series of brilliantly designed experiments, setting the foundations of our current understanding of the molecular mechanism of the sodium/potassium pump. Ian became a Trinity College fellow in 1960, advanced rapidly to a professorship in the Department of Physiology after being elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1970, and was appointed head of department in 1986 until his retirement in 1995.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44968867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0