Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)最新文献_第2页

Roger Philip Ekins. 22 September 1926—26 July 2016 罗杰·菲利普·埃金斯。1926年9月22日至2016年7月26日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0020

A. Vincent

{"title":"Roger Philip Ekins. 22 September 1926—26 July 2016","authors":"A. Vincent","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Roger Philip Ekins was born in London and educated at Westminster School. He studied natural sciences at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and then returned to London, where he spent the rest of his career. His work initially focused on the thyroid gland and its disorders. In the 1950s, measurements of circulating hormones and other substances relied on biological assays. These were very time-consuming, inaccurate and unsuitable for routine clinical laboratories. In 1960, Ekins published the first radioactive assay for measuring the thyroid hormone thyroxine, using an approach he called ‘saturation analysis’; this and other work led to the systematic and accurate diagnosis of different forms of thyroid disease. He also developed tests for low-concentration biological substances, such as vitamin B12, always using simple and elegant techniques. In 1986, he was the first to propose the use of microarray ‘chip’ technologies for measuring these biological molecules simultaneously, recognizing that this could be applied to many other substances, such as oligonucleotides or peptides; he then worked with Boehringer Mannheim-Roche to develop the methodology. Meanwhile, he helped to identify the importance of thyroid hormones during human development, demonstrating that reduced levels of maternal thyroxine predicted the severity of the resulting ‘cretinism’ in their children. As a result, he went on to study the effects of abnormal levels of maternal thyroid hormones on fetal development, developing a rat model of maternal hypothyroidism. He travelled widely giving courses on standardization of the radioactive clinical assays, sponsored by the World Health Organization and the International Atomic Energy Agency. He received many UK and international awards for his work, including the Prince of Wales Award for Innovation in 1991 and the Dale Medal from the Society of Endocrinology in 1998. He was elected FRS in 2001.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49537487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Robert Ramage. 4 October 1935 — 16 October 2019 罗伯特·拉梅奇，1935年10月4日- 2019年10月16日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0010

Tom Muir

{"title":"Robert Ramage. 4 October 1935 — 16 October 2019","authors":"Tom Muir","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Robert (Bob) Ramage was an innovative and versatile organic chemist who made pioneering contributions to the fields of target-oriented synthesis and synthetic methodology. His research programme was initially focused on the (bio)synthesis of natural products, but later expanded to include peptides and proteins, where he became a key figure in the development of that field in the UK and beyond. As a PhD student in Glasgow, he developed a synthesis of the sesquiterpene cuparene, an achievement that earned him a Fulbright scholarship to Harvard, where he worked under the guidance of R. B. Woodward ForMemRS. With Woodward he participated in the now classic synthesis of the beta-lactam antibiotic cephalosporin C. His independent career began in Liverpool, where he continued his interests in sesquiterpene synthesis, devising several notable syntheses. This period also saw him forge important collaborations with Alan Battersby (FRS 1966) and George Kenner FRS, with whom he worked on the biosynthesis of the alkaloid colchicine and the chemical synthesis of several polypeptides, respectively. In Manchester, and later in Edinburgh, he continued his work in peptide synthesis methodology, a multi-pronged effort that culminated in the successful chemical synthesis of crystalline ubiquitin, widely considered a landmark achievement in the field. His scientific impact reached beyond academia through various consultancies with the pharmaceutical industry and the founding of a successful biotech company. He also assumed various academic leadership roles throughout his career. Bob will be remembered for his exacting standards and resolve to tackle big problems, attributes that he instilled in the many young scientists he mentored. He is dearly missed by all who knew him, by his colleagues around the world and most of all by his family.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44018008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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HUGH Allen Oliver Hill. 23 May 1937 — 30 July 2021 休·艾伦·奥利弗·希尔。1935月23日2021年7月30日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-07-26 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0002

P. Sadler

{"title":"HUGH Allen Oliver Hill. 23 May 1937 — 30 July 2021","authors":"P. Sadler","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Allen Hill was one of the pioneers who established bioinorganic chemistry as an academic discipline. His transition from early research in organic chemistry to the biocoordination chemistry of metals led to the invention of the glucose electrode, which provided for the first time an electronic (amperometric) determination of glucose levels in blood. He guided its commercialization and subsequent use by millions of diabetics worldwide. He and his co-workers made crucial discoveries of how small molecules, especially ferrocene derivatives, can mediate electron transfer from enzymes such as glucose oxidase to electrode surfaces. He used scanning probe microscopy to reveal molecular interactions between proteins and electrode surfaces, and even resolve bound metals at near-atomic resolution. His studies of the biological redox properties and interactions of metals involved not only electrochemical methods, but also nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectroscopies. He enjoyed the power of creativity and discovery, and was an exceptional mentor for early career researchers, with an ability to think broadly across the sciences and medicine. He gave devoted service to his college and the University of Oxford, was highly respected internationally and valued greatly the support and encouragement of his own family.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45245154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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George Alan Garton. 4 June 1922—13 May 2010 乔治·艾伦·加顿，1922年6月4日- 2010年5月13日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-07-12 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0015

K. Wahle

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John Herbert Beynon. 29 December 1923—24 August 2015 John Herbert Beynon, 1923年12月29日- 2015年8月24日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0007

R. Boyd

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William George Hill. 7 August 1940—17 December 2021 威廉·乔治·希尔。1940年8月7日至2021年12月17日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0003

T. F. C. Mackay

{"title":"William George Hill. 7 August 1940—17 December 2021","authors":"T. F. C. Mackay","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0003","url":null,"abstract":"William (Bill) Hill was an internationally acclaimed statistical, population and quantitative geneticist. His work was inspired by practical problems in animal breeding, but is widely applicable to evolutionary biology and human genetics. Bill's work focused on the joint effects of linkage, mutation and genetic architecture in finite populations. He showed that linked loci under selection can interfere with each other, reducing the rate of response to selection. He derived a widely used metric for linkage disequilibrium and showed that there is likely to be substantial linkage disequilibrium between closely linked variants in finite populations. He also showed that the sampling variance of linkage disequilibrium is very large, hampering its use in estimating effective population size or recombination rates. Bill derived sampling variances for inbreeding and realized relatedness between individuals with the same expected degree of relatedness. He raised awareness about the importance of new mutations for quantitative genetic variation and the response to artificial selection, and developed models for the maintenance of quantitative genetic variation by a balance between mutation and stabilizing selection. His experimental designs for estimating heritability and conducting artificial selection experiments have been widely adopted, and were utilized in his own long-term mouse selection experiments. Bill influenced animal breeding directly through consultancies with breeding companies, and his influence on quantitative genetics continues today via his numerous mentees.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41960729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Ronald James Gillespie. 21 August 1924—20 February 2021 罗纳德·詹姆斯·吉莱斯皮。1924年8月21日至2021年2月20日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-05-03 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0001

A. G. Davies

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Leslie Lars Iversen. 31 October 1937—30 July 2020 莱斯利·拉尔斯·艾弗森1937年10月31日- 2020年7月30日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2023.0008

T. Robbins

{"title":"Leslie Lars Iversen. 31 October 1937—30 July 2020","authors":"T. Robbins","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2023.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2023.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Leslie Iversen was one of the most distinguished UK neuropharmacologists and neuroscientists. He led basic neuroscience research at Cambridge early in his career, in partnership with his wife Susan D. Iversen, directing the influential MRC Neurochemical Pharmacology Unit, which spawned a remarkable generation of outstanding neuroscientists. He subsequently made what was then an unusual transition to the industrial sector, to lead a major new research unit of Merck, Sharp and Dohme at Harlow, taking up the difficult challenge of discovering new compounds to transform psychiatry and neurology. Throughout his career he made seminal contributions to the study of the chemical neurotransmitters of the brain, and thereby to the mechanisms of action of drugs now commonly used in psychiatry such as the so-called anti-depressants and the anti-psychotics. His early work focused on the catecholamines (noradrenaline and dopamine) and subsequently the amino acids (gamma aminobutyric acid and glutamate), later extending to an entirely new class of transmitters, the neuropeptides. This work also helped to redefine the very concept of ‘neurotransmitter’. Late in his career he chaired the important Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs, as a veritable but discreet ‘Drug Tsar’, and contributed a number of scholarly monographs as a visiting professor at Oxford.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47668343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Govind Swarup. 23 March 1929—7 September 2020 戈文德·斯瓦鲁普1929年3月23日- 2020年9月7日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0049

Ajit K. Kembhavi, Jayaram N. Chengalur

{"title":"Govind Swarup. 23 March 1929—7 September 2020","authors":"Ajit K. Kembhavi, Jayaram N. Chengalur","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2022.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2022.0049","url":null,"abstract":"Professor Govind Swarup was a distinguished radio astronomer who drove the development of the field in India. Over a long career he built the Ooty Radio Telescope (ORT) and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT), which are world-class facilities. Swarup was born in North India, had his undergraduate and post-graduate education at the University of Allahabad and then joined the National Physical Laboratory at New Delhi. He then travelled on a fellowship to Australia, to work on radio astronomy under J. L. Pawsey (FRS 1954). Later, in the USA, he completed his PhD with Ronald N. Bracewell at Stanford. Govind then accepted an offer made by Homi Bhabha FRS to begin radio astronomy work at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TFIR). At TIFR, Govind conceived and built a novel, low cost, equatorially mounted cylindrical radio telescope, the ORT. The ORT was a versatile instrument and fuelled the growth of radio astronomy in India. In the late 1980s he conceived and led the construction of the GMRT, which again was based on a pioneering design. The GMRT is a remarkably successful instrument used by radio astronomers across the world. Govind Swarup has left behind a large group of radio astronomers who have continued his work and are finding new directions.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135708562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

John David Hunt. 12 December 1936—8 December 2012 约翰·大卫·亨特，1936年12月12日- 2012年12月8日

Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain) Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1098/rsbm.2022.0046

D. Browne, D. McCartney

{"title":"John David Hunt. 12 December 1936—8 December 2012","authors":"D. Browne, D. McCartney","doi":"10.1098/rsbm.2022.0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2022.0046","url":null,"abstract":"John Hunt was a scholar of the solidification of metallic alloys, and published seminal works that are of influence today in the design of alloy casting, welding and additive manufacturing processes. John was raised in the West Country of England, and following school did National Service in the Royal Air Force. He entered the University of Cambridge in 1957, being awarded an honours BA in metallurgy in 1960, and a PhD for studies of solidification of eutectic alloys in 1963. John met Ann Carroll during his Cambridge studies; they married in 1961 and later had three children. From 1963 to 1965 John carried out research with Ken Jackson at Bell Laboratories, New Jersey, USA. They published groundbreaking papers on solidification and pioneered the use of transparent organic analogues. John returned to England and, following a year working at the UK Atomic Energy Authority at Harwell, he joined the faculty at the University of Oxford in 1966. During a 36-year academic career at Oxford, John made significant contributions to the scientific understanding of solidification on many topics, including dendritic array growth, eutectic and peritectic solidification, the columnar-to-equiaxed transition and twin roll casting. As well as being a talented experimentalist, he published many groundbreaking theoretical analyses and also pioneered the use of numerical methods for the simulation of solidification phenomena. He was an accomplished educator of undergraduate and postgraduate students, and a fellow of St Edmund Hall, Oxford. John was a family man, and kept geese and pigs, grew apples and made legendary cider at his old farmhouse home north of Oxford.","PeriodicalId":80666,"journal":{"name":"Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. Royal Society (Great Britain)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43611624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0