Annals of Plastic Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Medial Epicondylectomy With Adipofascial Flap Versus Anterior Subcutaneous Transposition in Surgical Treatment of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome.","authors":"Tarik Mujadzic, Julia Bian, Carlos Martinez, Mirza M Mujadzic, Hata Botonjic, H I Friedman, Mirsad Mujadzic","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cubital tunnel syndrome, the second most common compression neuropathy of the upper extremity, has several surgical treatment options including simple (in situ) decompression, decompression with medial epicondylectomy (ME), or anterior transposition to a subcutaneous, submuscular, or subfascial position. The existing literature does not clearly establish the superiority of one procedure over the other. This study aims to compare two techniques, ME combined with an adipofascial flap versus anterior subcutaneous transposition, in terms of outcomes including resolution of neurological deficits, surgical site discomfort, recurrence, and reoperation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an IRB-approved retrospective chart analysis on patients who had primary ulnar nerve decompression via either ME or subcutaneous anterior transposition. Outcomes recorded were tenderness at operative site, resolution of neurological deficits, recurrence rate, and need for secondary surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients undergoing ME (n = 48) were classified into mild (n = 1, 2%), moderate (n = 11, 23%), and severe (n = 36, 75%) categories. For this group, complete resolution of neurological symptoms was recorded as <6 weeks (n = 10, 21%), 6 weeks to 3 months (n = 8, 16.6%), and >3 months (n = 13, 27%). Incomplete resolution was documented as improved (n = 15, 31.2%), unchanged (n = 2, 4.1%), or worse (0%). Surgical site discomfort was documented as lasting <3 weeks (n = 30, 62.5%), 3 to 6 weeks (n = 15, 37.5%), and 6 weeks to 3 months (n = 3, 6.3%), and there were no patients who had unresolved pain. The recurrence rate was 2/48 (4.1%). The secondary surgery rate was 1/48 (2%).Patients undergoing subcutaneous anterior transposition (n = 54) were classified into mild (n = 6, 11%), moderate (n = 26, 48%), and severe (n = 22, 41%) categories. For this group, complete resolution of symptoms was recorded as <6 weeks in (n = 13, 24%), 6 weeks to 3 months (n = 10, 18.5%), and >3 months (n = 12, 22.2%). Incomplete resolution was documented as improved (n = 13, 24.1%), unchanged (n = 4, 7.4%), or worse (n = 2, 3.7%). Surgical site discomfort was documented as lasting <3 weeks (n = 41, 76%), 3 to 6 weeks (n = 2, 4%), and 6 weeks to 3 months (n = 1, 2%), and 10 patients (18%) had unresolved pain. The recurrence rate (n = 13, 24%) and need for a second surgery (n = 19, 18.5%) were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medial epicondylectomy with adipofascial flap is effective in treating cubital tunnel syndrome and has a lower potential for persistent surgical site pain and recurrence than subcutaneous transposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":"94 6S Suppl 4","pages":"S526-S530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral Nerve Transfers: Core Principles and Workhorse Techniques.","authors":"Barite Gutama, Nikolas K Popa, Victor Byers, Benjamin L Savitz, Yomna E Dean, Ronald M Cornely, Erin N Abbott, Ricardo A Torres-Guzman, Shady Elmaraghi, John B Hill","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Despite the long history of experience in peripheral nerve reconstruction, dating back to the 1870s, recent decades have seen an explosion of innovation. Advancements have been made in primary repair, secondary repair, nerve grafts, tendon transfers, and, most recently, nerve transfers. These innovations address the distance-to-target problem faced by surgeons and provide improved functional outcomes. Key principles for successful nerve transfers include proper patient selection, preoperative discussions, intraoperative decisions, and postoperative management. In this review, we discuss 3 common peripheral nerve transfers: the anterior interosseous nerve to ulnar nerve transfer, median to radial nerve transfers, and the tibial to peroneal nerve transfer. These techniques can restore functional mobility in patients with severe peripheral nerve injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":"94 6S Suppl 4","pages":"S555-S558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic Society Meeting Supplement Issues Expand Journal Page Counts and Author Access to Publication.","authors":"William C Lineaweaver, Christopher L Kalmar, Dawn Angel, Jane Wood","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004381","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Academic journals can expand scientific content by development of supplement issues based on academic society meetings. From 2014 to 2023, Annals of Plastic Surgery published between 42 and 143 supplemental articles per year, representing between 212 and 719 supplemental pages per year in collaboration of academic society meetings. This feature can serve as a model for other journals exploring strategies of expansion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":"94 6S Suppl 4","pages":"S559-S561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implant Size Versus Mastectomy Weight in Breast Reconstruction: Does Matching Matter?","authors":"Katherine H Carruthers, Katya Remy, Matthew A DePamphilis, Eva Roy, Anna Reaman, Krishna Vyas, Eleanor Tomczyk, William G Austen","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004309","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>During nipple-sparing mastectomy with direct-to-implant based breast reconstruction, if the size of the chosen implant is smaller than the mastectomy specimen, a volumetric mismatch occurs creating dead space. This study evaluates the effect of volumetric mismatch between chosen implant size and mastectomy weight on postoperative complications after breast reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients undergoing nipple-sparing mastectomy with direct-to-implant based breast reconstruction. The effect of volumetric mismatch [mastectomy weight (g) - implant size (mL)] on postoperative complications were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis and multivariable regression analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1617 breast reconstructions were performed in 1031 patients. The mean mastectomy weight was 442.6 g (±219.1), the mean implant size was 403.2 mL (±152.0) and the mean volumetric mismatch was 37.1 (±108.2). The mean follow-up was 25.3 months (±15.2). Total complication rate was 8.3%. A volumetric mismatch of ≥78 was associated with increased complications when controlled for mastectomy weight and implant size, with higher rates of any complication (14.6% vs 6.4%, P < 0.0001), explantation due to infection (2.9% vs 1.1%, P = 0.05), infection (4.5% vs 1.6%, P = 0.01), and seroma (6.9% vs 1.9%, P < 0.0001). On multivariable regression for any complication, volumetric mismatch [odds ratio 1.9 (95% CI 1.0-3.4) P = 0.043], smoking and age were significant predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A greater mismatch between implant size and mastectomy weight was a significant predictor of postoperative complications, including explantation. Knowing this, surgeons may choose to match implant size more evenly to mastectomy weight, opt for skin sparing mastectomies or consider operative techniques to minimize dead space.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"634-638"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant Condyloma Acuminatum: A Review of Reconstructive Options.","authors":"Brooke E Barrow, Kwadwo O Ansah, Hani I Naga, Nicklas Sarantos, Brant A Inman, Andrew C Peterson, Detlev Erdmann","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004349","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The management of giant condyloma acuminatum in the male population remains challenging given the anatomic complexity of this region. Preservation of micturition and sexual function are key considerations. After primary resection, reconstructive plastic surgery is often necessary for coverage of soft-tissue defects, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach by urologic, plastic, and colorectal surgery. Because of the rarity of this disease, a defined treatment protocol has not been established. This review aims to outline key considerations and reconstructive options for this challenging disease, which are highlighted by two cases of successful reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":"94 6","pages":"695-700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Effect of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in Autologous Breast Reconstruction.","authors":"Robert G DeVito, Benjamin G Ke, Kristen Stephens, Scott T Hollenbeck, Chris A Campbell, John T Stranix","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways have become increasingly common in surgery, but the ERAS financial impact on autologous breast reconstruction has not been defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study performed a retrospective review of consecutive autologous breast reconstructions (July 2017 to June 2022; 264 patients, 156 pre-ERAS implementation and 108 post-ERAS implementation). Clinical outcomes included length of stay (LOS), ICU length of stay (ICU LOS), average daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) use, and average total MME use. Financial metrics evaluated the total charges, total cost, direct cost, indirect cost, estimated reimbursement, and direct margin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Average LOS was lower in the ERAS cohort (2.13 vs. 3.21 days, P < 0.001). Average ICU LOS was lower in the ERAS cohort (0.0 vs 0.75 days, P < 0.001). Total charges were lower in the ERAS cohort ($98,876 vs. $119,568, P < 0.001). Total cost was lower in the ERAS cohort ($25,725 vs. $30,972, P < 0.001). Direct cost was lower in the ERAS cohort ($15,900 vs. $18,823, P < 0.001). Indirect cost was lower in the ERAS cohort ($9825 vs. $12,149, P < 0.001). Estimated reimbursement was equivalent ($27,464 vs. $24,697, P = 0.14). Direct margin was higher in the ERAS cohort ($11,564 vs. $5874, P = 0.0015).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ERAS pathways in autologous breast reconstruction decrease length of stay, ICU utilization, and improve financial metrics. Further investigations into quality improvements in ERAS warrant investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":"94 6S Suppl 4","pages":"S549-S554"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Delays in Discharge for Patients Undergoing Chronic Wound Reconstruction.","authors":"Rachel H Park, Jennifer Smith, Robert G DeVito, Jesse Chou, Ashley Zhang, Brent R DeGeorge","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Delay in discharge following chronic wound reconstruction is a concern that adds to the national hospital bed shortage crisis. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors associated with delay in discharge after wound reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent chronic wound reconstruction by a plastic surgeon at a single tertiary academic hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 was performed using CPT codes. Patients admitted with other primary diagnoses or to the ICU were excluded. Demographic data as well as socioeconomic factors, insurance status, disposition, and other discharge needs were recorded and analyzed in relation to days delay in discharge. A univariate negative binomial count model was used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 131 encounters were included in the study with 61 encounters in delay group and 70 in no delay group. Delay group experienced mean discharge delay of 3.03 days. There were no significant differences in medical comorbidities between the 2 groups. Patients with commercial insurances had shorter mean delay (0.79 days) compared to that of patients with government-issued insurances (1.52-1.69 days). Those discharging to a facility like rehabilitation center, skilled nursing facility, or long-term acute care had about 3.5 days of delay compared to those going home. Other requirements such as IV antibiotics, home VAC, or durable medical equipment did not significantly affect discharge timing in discharge.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Delays in discharge after chronic wound reconstruction are common, and socioeconomic factors including insurance status and disposition were the 2 most significant predictors of delay.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Antibiotic Delivery Systems for Infection Prophylaxis in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: What Is the Evidence?","authors":"Francis D Graziano, Ronnie L Shammas, Babak J Mehrara, Danielle H Rochlin","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection is a major complication of implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR), leading to implant loss, increased healthcare costs, and poor outcomes. Local antibiotic delivery systems offer targeted infection prevention by providing sustained antibiotic release at the surgical site. The aim of this study is to review the existing literature on the efficacy of local antibiotic delivery systems in preventing infection in IBBR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted in Medline, Cochrane, and Embase (1990-2025). Studies assessing local antibiotic delivery in IBBR were included, while those evaluating systemic antibiotics, augmentation, and salvage procedures were excluded. Data on infection rates, implant loss, and complications were extracted and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 163 identified articles, 6 met inclusion criteria. Two studies examined calcium sulfate biodegradable antibiotic beads, which significantly lower implant loss rates (1.6% vs 9.4%, P = 0.031 and 1.5% vs 11.9%, P = 0.024). Two studies on polymethylmethacrylate antibiotic plates showed significant SSI reduction from 12.6% to 4.8% (P < 0.01) and from 14% to 4% (P = 0.047), with implant loss rates significantly lower in polymethylmethacrylate cohort (6% vs 18%, P = 0.036). Continuous postoperative antibiotic irrigation studies demonstrated SSI reduction from 6.4% to 1.9% (P = 0.007) and decreased explant rate from 20% to 2.9% (P = 0.037), but one study reported a higher seroma rate (4.7% vs 1.4%, P = 0.033).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preliminary studies suggest local antibiotic delivery may reduce infection and implant loss in breast reconstruction, but retrospective designs and methodological limitations preclude definitive conclusions. Prospective studies are needed to confirm efficacy, safety, and clinical value.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Research Trends in Facial Synkinesis: A Bibliometric Analysis of the 100 Most Impactful Studies.","authors":"Elena Millesi, Leo F Nonnenbroich, Julian S Rechberger, Carrie E Robertson, Waleed Gibreel, Samir Mardini","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Facial synkinesis is characterized by involuntary co-contraction of facial muscles during voluntary movements, impairing both function and aesthetics following facial paralysis. It affects approximately 21% of individuals following Bell's palsy, with symptoms such as involuntary eye closure when smiling. While the pathophysiology remains unclear, therapeutic options range from conservative approaches like botulinum toxin to surgical interventions. A bibliometric analysis offers insights into research trends, key contributors, and knowledge gaps in this field.</p><p><strong>Materials methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in the Scopus database up to July 2024, identifying 100 most-cited articles on facial synkinesis. Articles were categorized as basic science (BSc), clinical (CL), or review articles, with additional data extracted on study focus, journal type, citation metrics, and authorship. Statistical analyses included Pearson's χ2 and Wilcoxon rank sum tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The articles spanned 1952-2020, with the highest publication frequency in 2017. Clinical studies constituted 76%, focusing on conservative treatments (35%), diagnostics (28%), and surgical interventions (19%). Plastic surgery and ENT journals accounted for 76% of publications. The most-cited article, published in neurology (1975), investigated electrophysiologic diagnostics. Citation metrics revealed a mean citation count of 38.3 and a median publication year of 2010. The 50 newer articles demonstrated a trend toward surgical management of synkinesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This bibliometric analysis highlights the evolution of research on facial synkinesis, emphasizing the predominance of clinical studies, focus on conservative treatments and gaps in basic science research. Further research is needed to fill knowledge gaps to improve outcomes for affected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Techniques for Cleft Lip Repair: Insights From Latin America and the Caribbean.","authors":"Atenas Bustamante, Jonathan Diaz, Emily Jones, Laura Herrera Gomez, Karel-Bart Celie, José Nuñez, Allyn Auslander, William P Magee, Wieslawa De Pawlikowski","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cleft lip (CL) repair techniques vary significantly, often depending on surgeons' experience, preference, and cleft characteristics. In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), where CL prevalence is high, research on surgical practices remains limited. This study aims to document and analyze preferences for unilateral (UCL) and bilateral cleft lip (BCL) repair among Operation Smile surgeons in LAC to support improved cleft care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 22-question survey was distributed anonymously electronically to credentialed LAC surgeons performing UCL and BCL repairs. The survey explored demographics, preferred repair techniques, and surgical approaches such as nasal floor closure, gingivoperiosteoplasty, and setback techniques. Responses were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 101 surgeons from 13 countries participated, with Peru (20%) having the highest representation. Most respondents were male (71%), with 36% having less than 5 years of experience. The Fisher technique was the most preferred method for UCL (66%) and BCL (29%), particularly among less experienced surgeons. Technique preferences varied significantly by country (P < 0.001). For UCL, most surgeons (78%) closed the nasal floor by joining septal and lateral mucosa, and 50% performed gingivoperiosteoplasty. For BCL, 58% used labial adhesion for maxillary protrusion, and 24% performed premaxillary setbacks, both varying significantly by experience and technique (P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study reveals substantial variability in cleft repair techniques across LAC, with the Fisher technique emerging as a dominant preference. These findings provide a foundation for future research focusing on outcomes and complications to optimize cleft care in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}