Annals of Plastic Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Anthropometric Facial Analysis and Fitting Discrepancies Between Stereophotogrammetry and CT.","authors":"Wenqing Han, Yingjie Yan, Sriya Nemani, Mengzhe Sun, Byeong Seop Kim, Yan Zhang, Ming Zhu, Gang Chai","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003998","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The reliability and repeatability of stereophotogrammetry and CT in 3-dimensional anthropometric facial analysis were investigated in this study, which also explored the clinical application of supine CT.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this study, 3D CT and 3dMD stereophotogrammetry were used on 20 healthy volunteers. The fitting distance between stereophotogrammetry and CT scans at landmark points was measured, along with facial feature measurements (Al-Al) face width (Go-Go, Zy-Zy, Ex-Ex), and hemi-face height (Sn-Gn). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was employed to assess interrater agreement and to verify the reliability of the measurement methods. Paired t -analysis was utilized for analyzing intramethod displacement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The alare, nasion, and pronasale points were found to be minimally influenced by different positions and are more recommended as landmark points for registration. CT demonstrated good interrater reliability on all indicators. In stereophotogrammetry, measurements for Go-Go and Zy-Zy displayed an interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of less than 0.75. Significant differences between the 2 methods were observed for En-En, Ex-Ex, and Go-Go ( P < 0.05). Specifically, CT analysis for Go-Go showed a measurement 2.34 mm larger than that obtained with the 3dMD method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both CT and stereophotogrammetry were found to be reliable methods for evaluating facial soft tissue. It is speculated that Go-Go measurement is primarily influenced by factors such as different positions, facial expressions, and gravity. These variables should be carefully considered during the evaluation of the mandibular angle region.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Advances in Vascular Remodeling in Choke Vessels of Perforator Flap: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Jiahao Ji, Dondli Chen, Jiamin Ni, Fei Chang","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003980","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a significant bridge between perforasomes, choke vessels are the key structure of blood supply expansion, also a prerequisite for preventing distal ischemic necrosis of the multiterritory perforator flap, where the remodeling of choke vessels after flap elevation plays an essential role. This systematic review highlights the underlying mechanisms and clinical ways to promote remodeling of choke vessels, as well as experimental observation approaches to further guide researchers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted from 1975 to 2023 through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane database with the key words \"choke vessels\" and \"perforator flap\" to investigate the mechanisms and ways to promote remodeling of choke vessels as well as observation approaches. The inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were set to screen the literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 literatures were obtained through database retrieval. After removing the duplicate literature, reading the title and abstract, and reviewing the full text finally, 33 articles were included in the final study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The underlying remodeling of choke vessels may be related to fluid shear stress, hypoxia, and inflammation. The clinical ways to promote remodeling of choke vessels include surgical delay, arterial supercharge, venous superdrainage, drugs, and stem cells. Various experimental methods of observing microvascular morphology allow for a comprehensive research of choke vessels.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Complex Giant Rhinophyma Treated With Cosmetic Surgery.","authors":"Yikang Hou, Ming Zhu, Qiang Chen, Jieying Tang, Shihong Zhang, Chuan Wang, Lujia Chen, Xueyin Liao, Weiwei Li, Jianmin Yang","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004001","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Rhinophyma leads to severe facial deformities and significant social pressure for patients. Patients often seek medical intervention due to cosmetic defects and functional impairments, such as nasal congestion and airway collapse. Currently, there are numerous treatment modalities for rhinophyma, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages, leading to a lack of consensus in nasal vegetation management. Severe thickening in the nasal area can obstruct breathing through external nasal valve blockage, necessitating appropriate management for relief. This article presents a case study involving severe rhinophyma with respiratory obstruction that was successfully treated using incomplete resection followed by reconstruction to restore normal nasal contour. This not only achieved an upright position for nasal columella but also improved nasal contour to achieve normal appearance levels while completely relieving respiratory tract obstruction and enhancing patients' ventilation function. This method is easily performed without requiring additional expensive equipment, making it economically feasible even in ordinary medical centers while enabling patients to achieve a high quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Free Flaps in Reconstruction of Head and Neck Soft Tissue Defects With Bone Exposure.","authors":"Mingjun Zhang, Jile Fu, Xiaojun Liu, Bincheng Liu, Xiaoyan Mao, Zhiqi Hu","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004000","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reconstruction of head and neck soft tissue defects with bone exposure is both challenging and technically demanding for plastic surgeon. Objectives in head and neck soft tissue defects with bone exposure reconstruction are consistent restoration of functionality while also improving appearance. This study retrospectively analyzed the results of head and neck reconstructions using various types of free flaps over the past 4 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted from June 2019 to June 2023 on 12 patients treated at our hospital for head and neck soft tissue defects with bone exposure due to various causes. These included 4 cases of trauma from car accidents, 1 burn case, and 7 postoperative malignant tumor removals. The defect sizes ranged from 4 × 6 to 15 × 45 cm. Different free flaps were used for repair based on the defect, including 6 anterolateral thigh flaps, 3 forearm flaps, 2 latissimus dorsi flaps, and 1 dorsalis pedis flap. Flaps were designed and harvested to match the defect size and transplanted via anastomosed vessels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 12 flaps survived successfully. One patient required flap thinning surgery postoperatively. All patients were followed up for over 3 months, showing good color and texture of the transplanted flaps, satisfactory healing, and significant aesthetic improvement. Donor sites showed significant scarring without functional impairment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Free flap repair for head and neck soft tissue defects with bone exposure is feasible and yields good results.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Microwave-Based Therapy and Negative-Pressure Suction-Curettage for Axillary Hyperhidrosis and Bromhidrosis: A Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Yining Ge, Jiaqi Liu, Rufan Zhang","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003929","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis are common clinical diseases, affecting the patients' work and life. Negative-pressure suction-curettage is the most popular treatment now, but challenged by a new microwave-based therapy (MiraDry). We intend to compare the safety and efficiency of the 2 treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 39 female patients with both primary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis was conducted. Seventeen patients were treated with MiraDry, and 22 underwent negative-pressure suction-curettage. The postoperative follow-up program included sweat and odor assessments, satisfaction measurement, safety evaluation, and recurrence assessment at different time points until 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both treatments showed a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in HDSS score and odor level at 6 and 12 months compared with the baseline. No significant difference in relative reduction was observed between the 2 groups. The satisfaction score of the microwave-based therapy group was higher than that of the negative-pressure suction-curettage group, but no statistical difference was found. The difference in the recurrence rate and complication rate between the groups did not reach significance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Microwave-based therapy is a noninvasive treatment with durable effects, low risks, shorter downtime, good appearance, and high satisfaction for axillary hyperhidrosis and bromhidrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Reduction Mammaplasty Total Resection Weight With Machine Learning.","authors":"Michelle Y Seu, Nikki Rezania, Carolyn E Murray, Mark T Qiao, Sydney Arnold, Charalampos Siotos, Jennifer Ferraro, Hossein E Jazayeri, Keith Hood, Deana Shenaq, George Kokosis","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004016","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Machine learning (ML) is a form of artificial intelligence that has been used to create better predictive models in medicine. Using ML algorithms, we sought to create a predictive model for breast resection weight based on anthropometric measurements.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 237 patients (474 individual breasts) who underwent reduction mammoplasty at our institution. Anthropometric variables included body surface area (BSA), body mass index, sternal notch-to-nipple (SN-N), and nipple-to-inframammary fold values. Four different ML algorithms (linear regression, ridge regression, support vector regression, and random forest regression) either including or excluding the Schnur Scale prediction for the same data were trained and tested on their ability to recognize the relationship between the anthropometric variables and total resection weights. Resection weight prediction accuracy for each model and the Schnur scale alone were evaluated based on using mean absolute error (MAE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our cohort, mean age was 40.36 years. Most patients (71.61%) were African American. Mean BSA was 2.0 m 2 , mean body mass index was 33.045 kg/m 2 , mean SN-N was 35.0 cm, and mean nipple-to-inframammary fold was 16.0 cm. Mean SN-N was found to have the greatest variable importance. All 4 models made resection weight predictions with MAE lower than that of the Schnur Scale alone in both the training and testing datasets. Overall, the random forest regression model without Schnur scale weight had the lowest MAE at 186.20.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our ML resection weight prediction model represents an accurate and promising alternative to the Schnur Scale in the setting of reduction mammaplasty consultations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141247412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Insights and Optimization of Surgical Approach for Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Injury/Entrapment: A Comprehensive Analysis of 184 Cases.","authors":"Emma Rowley, Rachana Suresh, A Godard de Rutier, Lee Dellon, Tim W Tollestrup","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003991","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003991","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Entrapment or injury of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) is being recognized with increasing frequency, often requiring a surgical approach to relieve symptoms. The presence of anatomic variations can lead to errors in diagnosis and intraoperative decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study presents the experience of a single surgeon (T.W.T.) in managing 184 patients referred with clinical issues related to the LFCN. A comprehensive review of these cases was conducted to develop a prospective surgical management algorithm. Data on the LFCN's anatomic course, pain relief outcomes, comorbidities, body mass index, and sex were extracted from patients' medical charts and operative notes. Pain relief was assessed subjectively, categorized into \"excellent relief\" for complete pain resolution, \"good\" for substantial pain reduction with some residual discomfort, and \"failure\" for cases with no pain relief necessitating reoperation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The decision tree is dichotomized based on the mechanism of LFCN pathology: compression (requiring neurolysis) versus history of trauma, surgery, and/or obesity (requiring resection). Forty-seven percent of the patients in this series had an anatomic variation. It was found that failure to relieve symptoms of compression often indicated the presence of anatomic variation of the LFCN or intraneural changes consistent with a neuroma, even if adequate decompression was achieved. With respect to pain relief as the outcome measure, recognition of LFCN anatomic variability and use of this algorithm resulted in 75% excellent results, 10% good results, and 15% failures. Twenty-seven of the 36 failures originally had neurolysis as the surgical approach. Twelve of those failures had a second surgery, an LFCN neurectomy, resulting in 10 excellent, 1 good, and 1 persistent failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This article establishes an algorithm for the surgical treatment of MP, incorporating clinical experience and anatomical insights to guide treatment decisions. Criteria for considering neurectomy may include a history of trauma, prior local surgery, anatomical LFCN variations, and severe nerve damage due to chronic compression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Lymphovenous Anastomosis After Extended Soft Tissue Resection in the Medial Thigh for Reduction of Lymphocele and Lymphedema.","authors":"Semra Uyulmaz, Lisanne Grünherz, Pietro Giovanoli, Bruno Fuchs, Nicole Lindenblatt","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003994","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Postoperative chronic lymphocele and lymphedema represent severe burdens for soft tissue sarcoma patients who are already physically handicapped after an extensive surgery and a long recovery time. Incidences are high in the upper medial thigh. We have shifted our focus to lymphedema and lymphocele risk reduction with immediate lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) after sarcoma resection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed immediate lymphatic reconstruction in 11 patients after soft tissue sarcoma resection in the upper medial thigh. The postoperative course was followed up closely, and postoperative occurrence of lymphocele and lymphedema was clinically assessed. A literature search outlining the latest clinical data, current treatment strategy landscape, and their application into clinical practice was added to the investigation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 19 LVA and 2 lympho-lymphatic anastomoses were performed in 11 patients immediately after tumor resection in an end-to-end manner. We found a postoperative lymphedema rate of 36% and a postoperative lymphocele rate of 27%. Mean follow-up time was 17 months. Average tumor volume was 749 cc. Our literature search yielded 27 articles reporting on immediate LVA in cancer patients. Incidences of secondary lymphedema after LVA for lymphedema prevention vary between 0% and 31.1%. Lymphocele prevention with LVA is poorly studied in sarcoma patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immediate lymphatic reconstruction improved the overall postoperative course of our patients. The current literature does not serve with high-quality studies about primary LVA preventing lymphedema and lymphocele formation. We conclude that this technique should be seen as an additional concept to achieve overall better postoperative outcomes in these challenging surgical settings. We strongly recommend to either anastomose or ligate severed lymphatics under the microscope primarily after sarcoma resection in the upper medial thigh area.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncoplastic Surgery Outcomes in the Older Breast Cancer Population: A Matched-Cohort Comparison Study.","authors":"Kerry A Gaffney, Manish M Karamchandani, Gabriel De La Cruz Ku, Carly Wareham, Christopher Homsy, Salvatore Nardello, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sarah M Persing","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004018","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000004018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) is a form of breast conservation surgery (BCS) that involves a partial mastectomy followed by immediate volume displacement or volume replacement surgical techniques. To date, there are few studies evaluating OBS in older patients. Therefore, we sought to determine if outcomes differed between patients 65 years and older versus younger patients who underwent oncoplastic surgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was performed for all oncoplastic breast operations within a single health system from 2015 to 2021. Patients were stratified by age, with patients 65 years and older (OBS65+) identified and then matched with younger patients (OBS <65) based on BMI. Primary outcomes were positive margin rates and overall complication rates; secondary outcomes were locoregional recurrence (LR), distant recurrence (DR), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and long-term breast asymmetry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 217 patients underwent OBS over the 6-year period, with 22% being OBS65+. Preoperatively, older patients experienced higher American Anesthesia (ASA) scores, Charlson Co-morbidity index (CCI) scores, and higher rates of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and grade 3 breast ptosis. Despite this, no significant differences were found between primary or secondary outcomes compared to younger patients undergoing the same procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oncoplastic breast reconstruction is a safe option in patients 65 years and older, with overall similar recurrence rates, positive margin rates, and survival when compared to younger patients. Although the older cohort of patients had greater preoperative risk, there was no difference in overall surgical complication rates or outcomes. Supporting the argument that all oncoplastic breast reconstruction techniques should be offered to eligible patients, irrespective of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on the Incidence and Stage of Melanoma in China: A Single-Center Observational Study.","authors":"Shaoluan Zheng, Jia Feng, Zhiwei Chen, Chuanyuan Wei, Yuyan Pan, Jiaqi Liu","doi":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003925","DOIUrl":"10.1097/SAP.0000000000003925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of high socioeconomic status (SES) as an established risk factor for melanoma has been well documented in Western countries and regions. However, research on the association between melanoma and SES in China remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and melanoma incidence and stage in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five measures of SES were accessed, including education level, ethnic background, per capita household income, occupation, and medical insurance coverage. A scoring system based on the Kuppuswamy Socio-Economic Scale was used to create a quantitative assessment of SES. To improve clarity and precision, we refined the language in the original text. Clinical stage at diagnosis was classified according to the Chinese Society Oncology Melanoma Guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 122 patients with pathologic melanoma were enrolled in this study from January 2013 to December 2017. Of these patients, 58 (48%) were male and 64 (52%) were female, with a mean age of 59.23 ± 9.91 years. Patients in the age groups of 45-59 and 60-73 had a higher incidence of melanoma compared to other age groups. Acral lentiginous melanoma was the most commonly observed subtype, accounting for 48% of cases. Patients with a low level of education (middle school and below) and a low level of monthly household income (<3000 CNY) had a higher risk of developing melanoma, as did those who were unemployed. Interestingly, a higher proportion of melanoma diagnoses were made in patients with medical insurance than those without. However, no significant differences in melanoma staging were found based on education level ( P = 0.153), monthly household income ( P = 0.507), occupation ( P = 0.687), or insurance status ( P = 0.537). According to the Kuppuswamy Socio-Economic Scale, there were 0 in upper class, 50 in upper middle class, 44 in lower middle class, 28 in upper lower class, 0 in lower class. The mean K-score was 13.85. No statistically significant interaction was observed between K-score and tumor stage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with lower SES have a higher risk of developing melanoma. However, no significant differences were found in melanoma staging based on SES.</p>","PeriodicalId":8060,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Plastic Surgery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140890999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}