Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology最新文献_第6页

Diagnosis of malaria using thick bloodsmears: definition and evaluation of a faster protocol with improved readability 使用黏稠血涂片诊断疟疾:定义和评价具有改进可读性的更快方案

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/000349802125000691

M. Thellier, A. Datry, O. Cissé, C. San, S. Biligui, O. Silvie, M. Daniš

{"title":"Diagnosis of malaria using thick bloodsmears: definition and evaluation of a faster protocol with improved readability","authors":"M. Thellier, A. Datry, O. Cissé, C. San, S. Biligui, O. Silvie, M. Daniš","doi":"10.1179/000349802125000691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000349802125000691","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The value of some inexpensive modifications to the standard method of preparing thick bloodsmears, involving rapid drying, an isotonic fixative and a haemolysing solution containing saponin, was evaluated. The drying, haemolysing, fixing and staining steps, together called the fast-thick-smear method (FTS), can be completed in <10min. The FTS and a more classical thick-smear method (CTS) were both used on each of 1185 samples of venous blood samples from 1034 cases of suspected malaria (all international travellers returning to France). The results indicated that there was no statistically significant differences between the two methods in terms of their sensitivity, specificity or predictive values for parasite detection. However, estimates of the intensities of the Plasmodium falciparum infections observed, based on counts of trophozoites against 200 leucocytes, were markedly higher (37.8% higher overall) with the FTS than with the CTS (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the concordance between results obtained by inexperienced and experienced microscopists was excellent when the FTS was used, with a kappa value of 0.96 (95% confidence interval=0.93-0.98).","PeriodicalId":8038,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology","volume":"16 1","pages":"115 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85281500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

The challenges of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) within the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) 在非洲盘尾丝虫病控制规划中以社区为导向的伊维菌素治疗面临的挑战

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/000349802125000646

U. Amazigo, W. Brieger, M. Katabarwa, O. Akogun, M. Ntep, B. Boatin, J. N'Doyo, M. Noma, A. Sékétéli

{"title":"The challenges of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) within the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC)","authors":"U. Amazigo, W. Brieger, M. Katabarwa, O. Akogun, M. Ntep, B. Boatin, J. N'Doyo, M. Noma, A. Sékétéli","doi":"10.1179/000349802125000646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000349802125000646","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The principal strategy adopted by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC), for the control of onchocerciasis in the 19 countries of Africa that now fall within the programme’s remit, is that of communitydirected treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). Halfway through its 12-year mandate, APOC has gathered enough information on the main challenges to guide its activities in Phase 2. An analysis of reports and other documents, emanating from consultants, scientists, monitors and national and project-level implementers, indicates that there are three broad categories of challenge: managerial; technical; and socio–political. Under these three categories, this review identifies the most pertinent concerns that APOC must address, during Phase 2, to enhance the prospects of establishing sustainable systems for ivermectin distribution. The major challenges include: (1) maintaining timely drug-collection mechanisms; (2) integrating CDTI with existing primary-healthcare services; (3) strengthening local health infrastructure; (4) achieving and maintaining an optimal treatment coverage; (5) establishing and up-scaling community self-monitoring; (6) designing and implementing operations research locally; (7) ensuring the adequacy of community-directed distributors; (8) increasing the involvement of local non-governmental develop organizations in the programme; (9) achieving financial sustainability; (10) implementing equitable cost-recovery systems; and (11) engaging in eVective advocacy. The implications of the challenges and suggestions about how they are being (or could be) addressed are also highlighted in this brief review, which should be of value to other programmes and agencies that may be contemplating the adoption of this unique strategy.","PeriodicalId":8038,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology","volume":"1 1","pages":"S41 - S58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89120876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 76

Appendix 附录

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/atm.2002.96.supplement1.009

引用次数: 0

Partnership and promise: evolution of the African river-blindness campaigns 伙伴关系与承诺:非洲河盲症防治运动的演变

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/000349802125000619

B. Benton, J. Bump, A. Sékétéli, B. Liese

{"title":"Partnership and promise: evolution of the African river-blindness campaigns","authors":"B. Benton, J. Bump, A. Sékétéli, B. Liese","doi":"10.1179/000349802125000619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000349802125000619","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article describes the evolution of the partnership, between various health and developmental agencies, that has sustained the campaign against river blindness in Africa. The international community was oblivious to the devastating public-health and socio–economic consequences of onchocerciasis until towards the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s. Then a ‘Mission to West Africa’, supported by the United Nations Development Programme, and a visit to the sub-region by the president of the World Bank culminated, in 1974, in the inauguration of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (OCP). OCP was a landmark event for the World Bank as it represented its first ever direct investment in a public-health initiative. The resounding success of the OCP is a testimony to the power of the partnership which, with the advent of the Mectizan Donation Programme, was emboldened to extend the scope of its activities to encompass the remaining endemic regions of Africa outside the OCP area. The progress that has been made in consolidating the partnership is discussed in this article. The prospects of adapting the various strategies of the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control, to entrench an integrated approach that couples strong regional co-ordination with empowerment of local communities and thereby address many other health problems, are also explored.","PeriodicalId":8038,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology","volume":"85 1","pages":"S14 - S5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75303843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

Excess mortality associated with blindness in the onchocerciasis focus of the Mbam Valley, Cameroon 喀麦隆姆巴姆河谷盘尾丝虫病疫区与失明相关的死亡率过高

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/000349802125000718

S. Pion, J. Kamgno, M. Boussinesq

引用次数: 42

Comparative cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests for urinary schistosomiasis and the implications for school health programmes 尿路血吸虫病诊断测试的相对成本效益及其对学校保健方案的影响

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/000349802125000682

J. Ansell, H. Guyatt

{"title":"Comparative cost-effectiveness of diagnostic tests for urinary schistosomiasis and the implications for school health programmes","authors":"J. Ansell, H. Guyatt","doi":"10.1179/000349802125000682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000349802125000682","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of self-reported schistosomiasis or blood in urine has received a great deal of interest as a cheap and simple technique for diagnosing individuals infected with Schistosoma haematobium and identifying schools with a high prevalence of infection. Although the answers to questions about the signs and symptoms of urinary schistosomiasis have been shown to be good markers of parasitological infection, a formal cost-effectiveness analysis of their performance in relation to urine filtration and parasitological examination (assumed to be the gold standard) is lacking. Using empirical data on the costs and effectiveness of these techniques in 15 schools in Tanzania, the cost for every correct diagnosis or for every infected child identified was assessed. Although self-reported schistosomiasis was shown to be three times more cost-effective than urine filtration in identifying infected individuals, it would have resulted in a third of the infected children being missed. Use of self-reported schistosomiasis first to identify high-risk schools for mass treatment and then to identify infected children in low-risk schools (for individual treatment) also appeared more cost-effective than urine filtration and would have resulted in only 8% of the infected children not being treated. The use of self-reported schistosomiasis or self-reported blood in urine should be continually supported as a simple, cheap and cost-effective tool for identifying schools at high-risk of schistosomiasis.","PeriodicalId":8038,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology","volume":"43 1","pages":"145 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80864225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Lymphatic filariasis in the Karonga district of northern Malawi: a prevalence survey 马拉维北部Karonga区的淋巴丝虫病:流行情况调查

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/0003498302125000411

B. Ngwira, C. H. Jabu, Huxley Kanyongoloka, M. Mponda, Amelia C. Crampin, K. Branson, Neal Alexander, Paul E. M. Fine

{"title":"Lymphatic filariasis in the Karonga district of northern Malawi: a prevalence survey","authors":"B. Ngwira, C. H. Jabu, Huxley Kanyongoloka, M. Mponda, Amelia C. Crampin, K. Branson, Neal Alexander, Paul E. M. Fine","doi":"10.1179/0003498302125000411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/0003498302125000411","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Malawi, two main foci of lymphatic filariasis (LF) are known to exist: one in the south, in the Shire valley, and the other in the north, along the Songwe River, on the border with Tanzania. There have been no formal surveys in the Songwe area since the 1960s but an opportunity arose in 2000-2001 to map LF in this area, in the context of a leprosy survey that formed part of the follow-up of a large leprosy and tuberculosis vaccine trial. Overall 687 immunochromatographic (ICT) tests were carried out. Wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia was found in >25% of adults in each of the 12 villages sampled (four in the Songwe area and eight in the rest of the Karonga district), with village prevalences varying from 28%-58%. Of the 685 adult male residents of the Songwe area who were each given full-body clinical examinations, 80 (11.7%) were identified as cases of hydrocele. Lymphoedema was found in seven (1.0%) of these adult males and in 29 (3.7%) of the 769 adult female residents of the Songwe area who were also examined. Microfilariae were detected in 33 (30.8%) of the 107 thick smears of night-blood samples that were made from individuals with positive ICT cards. The W. bancrofti infection focus in Karonga district is therefore wider than was previously known. This has important implications for the implementation and eventual impact of LF-control activities in this area.","PeriodicalId":8038,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology","volume":"27 1","pages":"137 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75450044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Cardiac denervation in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi 克氏锥虫感染小鼠心脏失神经支配的研究

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/000349802125000583

E. Rodrigues, E. Liberti, L. Maifrino, R. D. de Souza

引用次数: 12

Implication of Bulinus truncatus in the transmission of urinary schistosomiasis in Senegal, West Africa 截形布利纳斯在西非塞内加尔尿路血吸虫病传播中的意义

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/000349802125000420

M. Sene, V. Southgate, D. De Clercq, A. Ly, J. Vercruysse

引用次数: 3

Hepatitis-C-virus genotypes and hepatitis-G-virus infection in Lebanese thalassaemics 黎巴嫩地中海贫血患者的丙型肝炎病毒基因型和g型肝炎病毒感染

Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Pub Date : 2002-03-01 DOI: 10.1179/000349802125000439

S. Ramia, Suzanne Koussa, A. Taher, S. Haraki, S. Klaymé, D. Sarkis, R. Naman

{"title":"Hepatitis-C-virus genotypes and hepatitis-G-virus infection in Lebanese thalassaemics","authors":"S. Ramia, Suzanne Koussa, A. Taher, S. Haraki, S. Klaymé, D. Sarkis, R. Naman","doi":"10.1179/000349802125000439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000349802125000439","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis G virus (HGV) and the carrier 'rate' for hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) were investigated in thalassaemia patients in Lebanon, a group that has not been studied in the past. The HCV genotypes and their distribution in the 395 thalassaemics, all of whom had been registered at the Chronic Care Center (CCC) in Hazmieh since 1996, were also studied. Of the 55 samples (14%) found positive for anti-HCV, 19 were also positive for HCV RNA. The 19 samples of HCV RNA were mostly of genotype 4 (37%), followed by 1a and 3a (21% each), 1b (16%) and 2b (5%). Most (14; 74%) of the 19 HCV-RNA-positive samples, but only 13 (36%) of the 36 samples that were negative for HCV RNA although anti-HCV-positive, were positive for anti-HGV. Among 100 anti-HCV-negative samples, eight (8%) were anti-HGV positive. Only one (0.28%) of all 395 patients investigated was found to be HBsAg-positive. All of the HBV- and HCV-positive patients had initially been found positive in 1996, when they were first registered at the CCC, and none of the remaining patients had seroconverted since. As none of the patients had been checked for anti-HGV until the present study, the history of their exposure to HGV was unknown. These results emphasise the importance of screening all blood donations collected in Lebanon for HBsAg and anti-HCV. This and stringent infection-control measures are necessary steps to limit the spread of HBV, HCV and perhaps HGV to thalassaemics.","PeriodicalId":8038,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology","volume":"103 1","pages":"197 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82883850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44