Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Frequency, Clinical Features, and Imaging Comparisons of Seropositive versus Seronegative Autoimmune Encephalitis in a Tertiary Care Setting.","authors":"Bhavani Madduluri, Shaik A Jabeen, Reshma S Shaik, Sireesha Yareeda, Suryaprabha Turaga, Madhur K Srivastava, Charan Neeradi","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_718_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_718_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis (SNAIE) is an enigmatic entity which lacks detectable autoantibodies, leading to a diagnostic delay. Our objective was to study the frequency of SNAIE and compare the clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging characteristics of patients with SNAIE to those in patients with seropositive autoimmune encephalitis (SPAIE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This ambispective observational study was undertaken at a tertiary care center in South India for 7 years. The demographic data, clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis findings, electroencephalogram (EEG), and 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 18F fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography computerized tomography (18F FDG PET-CT) findings were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 64 subjects enrolled, SNAIE frequency was 62.5%, with a notable 3:1 male-to-female ratio. Seizure was the predominant clinical presentation in SNAIE compared to SPAIE (50% vs. 20%, P value 0.02). Refractory seizures (45% vs. 4.5%) and status epilepticus (37.5% vs. 0%) were more common in SNAIE ( P value 0.001), whereas involuntary movements and faciobrachial dystonic seizures were common in SPAIE (66% vs. 16%, P value 0.04). CSF pleocytosis was frequently seen in SPAIE (50% vs. 17%, P value 0.006). EEG findings in SNAIE included increased epileptiform discharges and built-up rhythms. FDG PET abnormalities were observed in both groups (91% SPAIE, 97% SNAIE), but the seropositive group exhibited more temporal lobe involvement (58% vs. 30%, P = 0.036) and SNAIE had more diffuse involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SNAIE exhibited male predominance, primarily presenting with isolated seizure as the initial presentation. EEG and FDG PET findings distinguished the two groups, emphasizing the importance of these modalities as biomarkers in the early detection and management of SNAIE.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"196-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Management Update: Five New Things You Should Know.","authors":"Justin Yu Hin Phung, Vignan Yogendrakumar, Dar Dowlatshahi","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_174_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_174_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating condition responsible for millions of global deaths each year. Recent shifts in ICH management highlight a comprehensive care approach focusing on five pivotal components: prediction of hematoma expansion, blood pressure control, hemostasis, anticoagulation reversal, and surgical intervention. Radiological imaging allows clinicians to identify high-risk patients and implement approaches geared toward stabilizing hematoma volume to improve neurological outcomes. Surgical interventions and hematoma evacuation for cerebellar, intraventricular, and supratentorial ICH may also be used to reduce the mass effect from hematomas. This review will highlight the need to integrate all five strategies where appropriate into a bundle of care, with an emphasis on ongoing research in acute ICH management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":"28 2","pages":"155-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biallelic Mutations in ADAM22 Presenting as Ohtahara Syndrome in an Indian Family: Expanding the Electroclinical Phenotype of ADAM22 -Related Neurologic Disorder.","authors":"Prateek Kumar Panda, Achanya Palayullakandi, Diksha Gupta, Suthiraj Sopanam, Anand Santosh Mishra, Indar Kumar Sharawat","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_706_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_706_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"282-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142943178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tardive Syndromes: A Challenging Multitude of Maladies.","authors":"Ranjot Kaur, Vaibhav Patil, Ayush Agarwal, Achal K Srivastava, Divyani Garg","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_657_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_657_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>\"Tardive syndrome\" is an umbrella term for a group of drug-induced movement disorders associated with the prolonged use of mainly dopamine receptor blockers and also other medications. Early recognition followed by gradual withdrawal of the incriminating drug may lead to reversal, although not in all patients. Tardive syndromes are usually mixed movement disorders, with specific phenotypes, which may lead to severe disability. The pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Treatment ranges from medical options, particularly dopamine-depleting agents and chemodenervation (botulinum toxin), to surgical options (deep brain stimulation and lesioning surgeries). Most studies that focused on treatment are limited by small patient numbers. Unfortunately, tardive syndromes often remain under-recognized in clinical practice. This article reviews the historical aspects, epidemiology and risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical phenotypes, and management of tardive syndromes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"169-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged Survival in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: Case Series with a Review of Literature on \"Long Survivors\".","authors":"Archita Makharia, Ayush Agarwal, Ajay Garg, Achal K Srivastava, Divyani Garg","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_871_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_871_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a progressive and usually fatal disorder, arising from persistent measles virus infection in the brain. Exceptionally, prolonged survival has been noted. We report four such patients and also review current literature on long survival in SSPE.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"268-272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadening the Phenotypic Range: KCNJ2 Variant Linked to Isolated Periodic Paralysis with Fixed Myopathy.","authors":"Aditya Vijayakrishnan Nair, Ajith Sivadasan, Karthik Muthusamy, Sumita Danda","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_904_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_904_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"299-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049215/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catch Me If You Can! - The \"Whack-a-Mole\" Sign for Functional Tremor.","authors":"Sayooja Sachithanandan, Asish Vijayaraghavan, Kiren George Koshy, Divya Kalikavil Puthanveedu, Syam Krishnan","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_760_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_760_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"294-295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOGAD and Mortality: A Rarity.","authors":"Uk Kandha Kumar, Pradeep K Gunasekaran, Ashna Kumar, Daisy Khera, Sarbesh Tiwari, Lokesh Saini","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_726_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_726_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"284-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Fixed Distance Recording and Foot Length on Sensory Nerve Action Potential of Dorsal Sural Nerve in Normal Adults.","authors":"Shaikh Alpa Nasrin Samuel, Manjusha Shinde, Charu Bansal, Harshita Mangla, R Aruna, Tandra Ghosh","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_202_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_202_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Due to its distal location in the lower limb, the dorsal sural sensory nerve is pivotal in diagnosing early and subclinical peripheral neuropathy. This study aimed to establish reference data for latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity at fixed varying distances (80, 100, and 120 mm) between active and stimulating electrodes, while examining the impact of foot length on sensory nerve action potential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective nerve conduction study (NCS) included 48 healthy participants aged 19-54 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The upper and lower limits for latency, amplitude, and conduction velocities at 80 mm distance from the stimulating electrode were 3.1 and 1.01 ms, 36.8 and 1.45 μV, and 58.87 and 20.32 m/s, respectively. Similarly, the upper and lower limits for latency, amplitude, and conduction velocities at 100 mm distance from the stimulating electrode were 3.33 and 1.63 ms, 32.81 and 1.355 μV, and 55.24 and 24.75 m/s, respectively. The upper and lower limits for latencies and conduction velocities at 120 mm distance from the stimulating electrode were 4.25 and 1.76 ms and 59.43 and 21.77 m/s, respectively. The highest and lowest recorded amplitudes at 120 mm distance were 34.47 and 2.2 μV, respectively. Notably, univariate analysis findings were significant for latency (t = 2.86, P = 0.006) and conduction velocity (t = -2.13, P = 0.03) in relation to foot length when the distance between electrodes was 80 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides reference normative data for the East Indian population, augmenting the understanding of NCS in diagnosing peripheral neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":"28 2","pages":"247-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal Chikungunya Encephalitis - A Mimic of Leukoencephalopathy.","authors":"Mahesh Kamate, Basavanagowda Thanuja, Sugata Mahapatra, Manisha Bhandankar, Virupaxi Hattiholi","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_806_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_806_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"262-263"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}