Transition Metal Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Defect engineering in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for applied interfaces: from structural imperfections to catalysis, separation, environmental, energy, and biomedical functions","authors":"Srinivasa Reddy Mothe,&nbsp;Vinod Gadi,&nbsp;Sanjay Singh","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00783-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00783-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were long valued for their crystalline regularity, and structural defects, including missing-linker vacancies, missing-node sites, substitutional disorder, surface terminations, and correlated vacancy domains, were initially dismissed as synthetic imperfections to be minimized. Over the past decade, this view has inverted: defects are now recognized as a reproducible, structurally significant feature of MOFs that can be deliberately introduced and controlled. This review discusses the fundamental principles of defect engineering, examining how modulated synthesis, kinetic control, and post-synthetic treatment are used to install specific defect populations, and how multi-technique characterization, including solid-state NMR, pair distribution function analysis (PDF), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electron microscopy, and operando measurements, has made it possible to resolve defect type, density, and spatial distribution rather than merely confirm their presence. We then examine how this design-level control translates into the development of applied interfaces and functional materials across both established and emerging domains: defect engineering is now well established for engineering functional interfaces in catalysis and gas adsorption/separation, and is rapidly extending into less mature areas including electrochemical energy storage, environmental remediation, and biomedical delivery, where defect-function relationships remain less quantitatively resolved. We conclude by identifying the reproducibility, quantification, and scalability barriers that currently separate empirical defect discovery from predictive, data-driven of defect-engineered functional materials and applied interfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scandium leaching behavior from Fe precipitation residues of nickel laterite HPAL processing using organic acid","authors":"Yohandri Bow,&nbsp;Gyan Prameswara,&nbsp; Rusdianasari,&nbsp;Dilia Puspa,&nbsp; Haryadi,&nbsp; Yusdianto,&nbsp;Zaidatul Mabruroh,&nbsp; Asriani","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00784-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00784-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid expansion of high-tech and clean energy applications has dramatically escalated the global demand for scandium (Sc), necessitating its sustainable recovery from secondary industrial waste streams. In this study, the leaching behavior, parametric optimization, and dissolution kinetics of scandium from iron–aluminum precipitation residues derived from High-Pressure Acid Leaching (HPAL) were systematically investigated. Characterization of the feedstock confirmed an iron-dominated matrix (33.93 wt% Fe, 3.39 wt% Al) containing 44.70 ppm Sc substituted within host goethite, hematite, and natrojarosite mineral phases. Lixiviant evaluation revealed that ascorbic acid achieved superior scandium extraction efficiency compared to conventional organic acids by driving the complete reductive dissolution of the host ferric matrix, albeit with substantial co-dissolution of bulk impurities. Experimental optimization demonstrated that maximum scandium extraction was achieved at 90 °C, an ascorbic acid concentration of 3 mol/L, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 100 g/L over a 60-minute duration. Kinetic modeling across six distinct mathematical formulations established that the Zhuravlev–Lesokhin–Tempelman (ZLT) model provides the most accurate physical description of the leaching process across 30–90 °C, yielding an apparent activation energy (E_a) of 64.59 kJ/mol. This confirms that scandium extraction is governed by a chemically activated interfacial reaction coupled with three-dimensional diffusion through the porous product layer. Overall, these findings present an environmentally benign hydrometallurgical route that effectively disrupts industrial HPAL neutralization sludges to unlock critical metals for subsequent downstream separation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-guided design of redox-active Ru(II)/Os(II) molecular switches for single-molecule electronics","authors":"K. Balaji,&nbsp;V. Viswanath,&nbsp;K. Santhakumar","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00782-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00782-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transition-metal-based molecular switches offer a promising platform for nanoscale electronics owing to their reversible redox activity and tunable electronic structures. In this work, machine learning (ML) was employed to screen 1,248 coordination complexes and identify promising Ru(II)- and Os(II)-based molecular switches, followed by density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), and nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) calculations. The optimized complexes exhibited stable distorted octahedral coordination environments with minimal structural variation upon metal substitution. The calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps were 3.11 and 3.18 eV for Ru(II) and Os(II), respectively, with effective metal–ligand charge transfer and electronic delocalization. Redox calculations predicted reversible Ru(II)/Ru(III) and Os(II)/Os(III) one-electron oxidation with potentials of 0.78 and 1.12 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), respectively, consistent with previously reported experimental values for structurally related systems. NEGF calculations revealed higher zero-bias conductance for the Ru(II) switch (28.7 μS) and a superior ON/OFF ratio of 63.2 compared with the Os(II) analogue. The combined ML and quantum-chemical analyses identify metal identity, ligand donor characteristics, orbital delocalization, electronic coupling, reorganization energy, and redox reversibility as key factors governing molecular switching performance for future molecular-scale electronic device design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In doped NiCo-LDH as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting","authors":"Zicheng Huang,&nbsp;Mengwei Yu,&nbsp;Yulun Xie,&nbsp;Yuedong Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00781-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00781-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of efficient, stable, and cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is crucial for green hydrogen production. Herein, we report a series of indium-doped nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide (In-NiCo LDH) catalysts synthesized directly on nickel foam via a one-step electrodeposition method. By varying the In doping concentration, we identified the optimal In/(Ni + Co) molar ratio of 1.0% that delivers exceptional bifunctional activity. The optimized In_1.0-NiCo LDH electrode exhibits low overpotentials of 215 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and 180 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at 100 mA cm^− 2, with small Tafel slopes of 71.53 mV dec^− 1 (OER) and 47.69 mV dec^− 1 (HER). Structural characterization reveals that In³⁺ ions are incorporated as interstitial defects into the LDH lattice, causing distorted electronic structure. This unique doping mode creates new active sites that serve as electron-donating sites for HER and electron-withdrawing sites for OER. Furthermore, the In_1.0-NiCo LDH demonstrates remarkable long-term stability, maintaining stable operation for 100 h in both OER and HER tests. When assembled as a two-electrode electrolyzer, it requires only 1.73 V to achieve 100 mA cm^− 2 for overall water splitting. This work presents a facile electrodeposition strategy for fabricating high-performance In-doped NiCo-LDH bifunctional catalysts and elucidates the structure-activity relationship governed by atomic doping engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant second-harmonic generation enhancement in ZrCl4-BDC MOFs-CDs nanocomposite via synergistic interfacial engineering","authors":"Xueyuan Li,&nbsp;Cong Chen,&nbsp;Xinyao Yang,&nbsp;Dean Fang","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00780-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00780-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The weak intrinsic second-harmonic generation (SHG) of most nanomaterials severely restricts their practical applications. Interfacial engineering offers a promising route to boost nonlinear optical responses. Herein, a heterointerface is fabricated between ZrCl₄-BDC metal-organic frameworks (ZrCl₄-BDC MOFs) and carbon dots (CDs), and this heterointerface produces a prominent enhancement of second-harmonic generation (SHG). The SHG intensity of the ZrCl₄-BDC MOFs-CDs nanocomposite at 720 nm (excitation at 360 nm) reaches 9162 a.u., which is markedly higher than the sum of the individual contributions from the ZrCl₄-BDC MOFs (6150 a.u.), CDs (210 a.u.), and water (60 a.u.), demonstrating a clear synergistic effect that exceeds the sum of its parts. The enhanced SHG originates from the formation of a heterointerface between ZrCl₄-BDC MOFs and the CDs, which is primarily attributed to charge-transfer interactions at the heterointerface, together with improved particle dispersion and local field enhancement. This ZrCl₄-BDC MOFs-CDs-water system not only provides a sensitive platform for studying interfacial charge transfer and nonlinear optical enhancement at the nanoscale but also holds great promise for high-contrast label-free bioimaging, ultrasensitive chemical/biological sensing, and tunable nanophotonic devices, owing to its excellent water dispersibility and dual-modal (fluorescence/SHG) optical response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149034689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crystal structure and cholinesterase inhibition investigations of copper complexes of pyrazine-modulated tripyridyldiamine: a computational and experimental method","authors":"Rayyat Huseyn Ismayilov,&nbsp;Sabina Zahid Ismayilova,&nbsp;Mahammad Humbat Osmanli,&nbsp;Dilgam Babir Tagiyev,&nbsp;Bahattin Yalcin,&nbsp;Halil Şenol,&nbsp;Perizad Amrulla Fatullayeva,&nbsp;Ajdar Akber Medjidov,&nbsp;Sibel Demir Kanmazalp,&nbsp;Asif Nasib Mamedov,&nbsp;Parham Taslimi,&nbsp;Nastaran Sadeghian,&nbsp;Onur Şahin,&nbsp;Shie-Ming Peng","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00778-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00778-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The pyrazine-modulated oligo-α-pyridylamino ligand <i>N,N′-</i>di(pyrazin-2-yl)pyridine−2,6-diamine (H₂dpzpda) was used to synthesize and structurally characterize two novel mononuclear copper(II) complexes. In both complexes, H₂dpzpda acts as a tridentate ligand and coordinates to the metal center in an all-anti conformation. Complex <b>1</b> exhibits a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry around the Cu(II) center, whereas complex <b>2</b> adopts a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The nitrogen atoms of the amino groups remain uncoordinated in both complexes. The free ligand and its copper(II) complexes were evaluated as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. The free H₂dpzpda ligand exhibited IC₅₀ values of 9.83 and 50.72 µM against AChE and BChE, respectively. Complexes <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> displayed IC₅₀ values of 5.50 and 1.42 µM against AChE and 41.30 and 25.68 µM against BChE, respectively. Comparison with the free ligand demonstrated that Cu(II) coordination enhanced cholinesterase inhibitory activity, particularly for complex <b>2</b> against AChE. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were also performed for both complexes against the two enzymes. In addition to single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots were employed to investigate the intermolecular interactions within the crystal structures. Furthermore, DFT calculations revealed HOMO–LUMO energy gaps of 3.70 and 0.79 eV for complexes <b>1</b> and <b>2</b>, respectively. The markedly smaller energy gap of complex 2 indicated greater frontier-orbital delocalization and a higher tendency toward electronic transitions, while the molecular electrostatic potential maps identified the chloride, nitrate oxygen, and pyrazine nitrogen atoms as the principal electron-rich regions. These theoretical findings supported the structural and electronic features observed experimentally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B by Mononuclear Copper (II) Complex with Phenanthroline-Based Ligand","authors":"Nur Khaliesa Zulkarnaen,&nbsp;Suzaliza Mustafar,&nbsp;Azlan Kamari,&nbsp;Shahrul Kadri Ayop,&nbsp;Masliana Muslimin,&nbsp;Suhana Arshad,&nbsp;Muhamad Azwan Hamali,&nbsp;Norlinda Daud,&nbsp;Ma. Leah Borines,&nbsp;Etty Nurlia Kusumawati","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00779-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00779-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Photocatalytic degradation under ultraviolet irradiation provides an efficient strategy for removing toxic organic dyes such as Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB), which pose serious risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Copper-based photocatalysts are attractive alternatives to noble metals due to copper’s natural abundance, low cost, and accessible redox states. In this study, a mononuclear copper(II) complex, Cu(II)(2,9-dmp)Cl₂, was investigated as a homogeneous photocatalyst for MB and RhB degradation under UVC irradiation. The complex was characterised via CHN elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), which confirmed a distorted square pyramidal geometry (τ = 0.26) within a monoclinic crystal system (space group P2₁). Photocatalytic performance was evaluated in a custom-built reactor (22 W UVC), with degradation kinetics assessed across varying dye concentrations, catalyst dosages, and H₂O₂ levels. Under optimal conditions, the catalyst achieved degradation efficiencies of 95% for MB and 90% for RhB within 100 min, following second-order kinetics. The higher rate constant for MB (0.242 M⁻¹min⁻¹) compared to RhB is tentatively attributed to the greater structural susceptibility of the thiazine framework relative to RhB’s rigid xanthene core. The complex is proposed to operate via a dual-pathway mechanism involving ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) and Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycling to generate hydroxyl radicals, although direct radical-identification experiments remain to be performed. These findings establish phenanthroline-based copper complexes as cost-effective, environmentally compatible photocatalysts, providing a foundation for future structural optimisation and heterogeneous system development for industrial wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diamine-templated crystal engineering of an anionic Co(II) bis(phthalate) based coordination polymer with promising antimicrobial activity","authors":"Sujesh Baby,&nbsp;Alex P. Andrews,&nbsp;M. Padmanabhan","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00777-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00777-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A new amine-templated cobalt(II) bis(phthalate) coordination polymer, ({H₃N(CH₂)₄NH₃}[Co(OOC–C₆H₄–COO)₂])ₙ (1), was synthesised by a conventional solution method using 1,4-diaminobutane as a structure-directing agent. Crystallographic studies reveal that the doubly deprotonated 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate (1,2-BDC^2-) ligands bridge adjacent Co(II) centres through their carboxylate groups, generating repeated 14-membered cyclic units that extend into a one-dimensional anionic helical chain. 1,4-diammoniobutane occupies the interchain regions, where it serves as a charge-balancing species and a supramolecular template. Coulombic interactions, extensive N–H···O hydrogen bonding, and complementary weak intermolecular interactions act cooperatively to organise the crystal packing, assembling adjacent polymeric chains into a three-dimensional supramolecular network. Antimicrobial investigations demonstrated that the coordination polymer exhibits promising activity against selected microbial strains. The present study highlights the effectiveness of amine-templating strategies in constructing structurally intriguing cobalt(II)-based coordination polymers with potential biological applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting thermal conductivity of transition metals using machine learning gaussian process regression models","authors":"Kapil Dev Mahato","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00776-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00776-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lattice thermal conductivity of transition metals is fundamental to their applications in thermal management, high-temperature alloys, and energy-related technologies, as well as to understanding their lattice dynamics and heat-transport behavior. However, reliable and accurate prediction of thermal conductivity remains challenging due to anharmonic lattice effects, complex structure-property relationships, and limited experimental data. This study aims to predict the thermal conductivity of transition metals using a dataset of nearly 1000 individual records that include their physical and chemical properties, with the goal of designing advanced materials. To achieve the goal, this study employed several Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)-based models: Rational Quadratic GPR (RQGPR), Squared Exponential GPR (SEGPR), Matern 5/2 GPR (MGPR), Exponential GPR (EGPR), and Optimizable GPR (OGPR), which were investigated on the transition metals dataset. Among the implemented models, the OGPR showed excellent predictive performance, achieving R² values of 98.47% and 99.89% in the validation and tests for thermal conductivity prediction, respectively. Furthermore, the RReliefF algorithm is employed to reveal the significance of input features to the target property. Moreover, there is a strong relationship between the target attribute and the input feature that has the greatest influence. Furthermore, the partial dependence plots are also employed to interpret feature influence and validate model predictions. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of machine-learning GPR models in predicting the thermophysical properties of transition metals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic water treatment using engineered metal oxide nanoparticles: multi-pollutant degradation, implementation challenges, and emerging solutions","authors":"Kulbir Kadyan,&nbsp;Baleshwer Dutt,&nbsp;Bharti Badhani,&nbsp; Jogender","doi":"10.1007/s11243-026-00775-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11243-026-00775-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water pollution, driven by industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities, has introduced a diverse range of toxic contaminants into aquatic ecosystems, including heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, endocrine-disrupting compounds, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Addressing these pollutants requires advanced, sustainable, and energy-efficient treatment technologies. This review critically examines recent advances in the application of metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) as photocatalysts for water remediation, with photocatalysis discussed as a key advanced oxidation process (AOP). The review highlights that engineered MONPs exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance, with many studies reporting degradation efficiencies exceeding 90% for a broad spectrum of organic pollutants under optimized conditions. Key findings demonstrate that band gap engineering, elemental doping, and morphology control significantly enhance visible-light absorption, improve charge separation, and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby enabling efficient solar-driven photocatalysis. The review further discusses synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and the influence of operational parameters, including pH, pollutant concentration, catalyst dosage, light source, and co-existing ions and natural organic matter, on photocatalytic efficiency. Collectively, the reviewed studies identify band gap modulation and surface engineering as critical strategies for improving catalyst performance while emphasizing catalyst stability, reusability, and scalability as major challenges for practical implementation. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive assessment of current progress, identifies key knowledge gaps, and outlines future research directions toward the development of efficient, eco-friendly, and commercially viable MONP-based photocatalytic systems for sustainable water remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":803,"journal":{"name":"Transition Metal Chemistry","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}