Design and characterization of Pd@CuFe₂O₄/BPMAEA: a sustainable catalyst for cross-coupling reactions

This study identifies the novel palliated magnetic nanoparticles, Pd@CuFe₂O₄/BPMAEA, as an efficient and sustainable catalyst for Suzuki and Sonogashira cross-coupling reactions. The catalyst is synthesized by integrating palladium onto a magnetic CuFe₂O₄ support, which is functionalized with N,N-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine ethylamine (BPMAEA) as a ligand. This strategic design enhances palladium’s catalytic activity and stability while enabling easy separation and recovery of the catalyst from reaction mixtures. Comprehensive characterization techniques, including FT-IR, TEM, XRD, SEM, EDX, and VSM, confirm the successful synthesis of the Pd@CuFe₂O₄/BPMAEA nanoparticles, showcasing favorable structural and magnetic properties. The catalytic performance of the catalyst was assessed under various reaction conditions, demonstrating its remarkable efficiency in promoting both Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions with high yields and selectivity. Notably, the Pd@CuFe₂O₄/BPMAEA catalyst exhibits excellent reusability with minimal activity loss over multiple cycles, highlighting its potential for practical applications in organic synthesis. This research underscores the significance of developing sustainable catalytic systems that enhance reaction efficiency and minimize environmental impact using recoverable materials. Our findings contribute to advancing green chemistry practices in catalysis, paving the way for future innovations in sustainable organic transformations. The catalyst could easily and successfully be recycled up to six times with an E-factor as low as 29.48, a testament to its impressive efficiency and the potential it holds for the future of sustainable catalysis.

Graphical abstract