Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine最新文献

{"title":"Patient-Practitioner-Remedy (PPR) Entanglement, Part 7: a gyroscopic metaphor for the vital force and its use to illustrate some of the empirical laws of homeopathy.","authors":"L R Milgrom","doi":"10.1159/000080557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000080557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the principle obstacles to homeopathy's general acceptance has been its perceived lack of sound theoretical basis within accepted deterministic bio-medical thought. This impasse might be circumvented if instead, appeal was made to the nondeterministic concepts of the physical sciences, e.g., quantum theory and its notions of entanglement, nonlocality, and uncertainty; Weak Quantum Theory (WQT) and Patient-Practitioner-Remedy (PPR) Entanglement representing two new complementary strands of thought with the potential to create a new theoretical basis for homeopathy.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal of this present study was to generate a preliminary mathematical model of the action and reaction of the Vital Force to diseases and remedies within the developing contexts of WQT and PPR Entanglement, based on the metaphor of a hypothetical 'quantized' gyroscope as its physical representation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The physics of gyroscopic motion was combined with the quantum theory describing rotating objects (without some of its imposed limitations, e.g., Planck's constant, in line with the relaxation of some of orthodox quantum theory's axioms as proposed by WQT). Thus, increase or decrease in the rate of spin of the Vital Force's hypothetical gyroscope was described in terms of quantized 'shift operators' constructed mathematically from the known 'complementarity' of a remedy's primary and secondary symptoms, expressed in the notation of complex numbers. Ultimately, this generates a hypothetical 'wave function' for the Vital Force.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This hypothetical 'wave function' has been used to illustrate certain empirical observations of homeopathy and conventional medicine, e.g., the biphasal action of remedies encapsulated in the Arndt-Schulz Law, Wilder's Law of Initial Value, and some of the results of homeopathic provings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This preliminary theoretical analysis suggests that perhaps these less well-known empirical observations should be reinvestigated and, if confirmed, could begin ultimately to provide a much-needed alternative to the doubleblind placebo-controlled trial as a means of investigating and testing the efficacy of homeopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"212-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000080557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24667696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrolective, comparative, epidemiological cohort study with parallel groups design for evaluation of efficacy and safety of drugs with \"well-established use\".","authors":"P R Bock,&nbsp;W E Friedel,&nbsp;J Hanisch,&nbsp;M Karasmann,&nbsp;B Schneider","doi":"10.1159/000080572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000080572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>The randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) is accepted as the \"golden standard\" for the evaluation of efficacy and safety of new drugs. In contrast, to demonstrate efficacy and safety of drugs with \"well-established use\" that have been on the European Community market for long time, observational comparative epidemiological studies can be used according to the European drug regulation directive. However, because comparative epidemiological cohort studies can share some risk of bias with other nonrandomized observational study designs, there is a need for an approach that could effectively reduce the bias risk in this type of studies.</p><p><strong>Study objectives: </strong>The purpose of the study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of a long-term complementary therapy of primary, non-metastatic breast carcinoma patients treated with standardized European mistletoe extract Iscador(\"mistletoe\") in addition to the conventional adjuvant oncologic therapy, and compared to the control group treated with the conventional therapy alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The multicenter, comparative, retrolective, pharmaco-epidemiological cohort study with parallel groups design and randomly selected centers that routinely used both treatments was carried out according to Good Epidemiological Practice rules under a standard operating procedure control. The test group patients received the mistletoe extract treatment subcutaneously for at least 3 months, while the control group patients of the same cohort was exclusively treated with the conventional therapy. The patients were followed up for at least 3 years or until death. The primary endpoint of efficacy was the incidence of adverse reactions to the conventional oncologic therapy. Secondary endpoints were change from baseline of the symptoms associated with the disease and treatment as well as overall survival. All endpoints were adjusted to baseline imbalance and confounders. Safety was assessed descriptively by the number of patients with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributed to the test treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1442 patients (710 tests and 732 controls) were eligible for the \"per protocol\" analysis of efficacy and safety. At baseline, the test group had a more advanced disease and worse prognostic factors profile. After a median follow-up of 66 vs. 60 months, and a median mistletoe therapy duration of 52 months, significantly fewer test group patients (16.2%) than control patients (54.0%) developed ADRs attributed to the conventional therapy [adjusted odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI), OR = 0.47 (0.32-0.67), p < 0.001]. In the test group, the majority of the symptoms disappeared more frequently, and overall mortality hazard was significantly lower [adjusted hazard ratio, HR (95% CI), HR = 0.46 (0.22-0.96), p = 0.038] than in the control group. Systemic ADRs attributed to the test treatment developed in 0.8%, and local","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 Suppl 1 ","pages":"23-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000080572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24670108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective, comparative cohort studies and their contribution to the benefit assessments of therapeutic options: heart failure treatment with and without Hawthorn special extract WS 1442.","authors":"M Habs","doi":"10.1159/000080574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000080574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In addition to testing a drug for its efficacy, pharmacological quality and safety, current policies are increasingly demanding evaluations of the therapeutic benefits provided by a drug in general practice with \"non-selected\" patients and increasingly restrictive economic considerations.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>One of the trials which addresses this task is the WISO cohort study (Efficacy and socio-economic relevance of treatment of chronic heart failure stage NYHA II with Crataegus extract WS 1442). It compares two different therapeutic strategies in the treatment of heart failure stage NYHA II, i.e. a conventional medication and a therapy which also includes hawthorn special extract WS 1442 (Crataegutt novo 450) in addition to chemical-synthetic drugs. In contrast to clinical trials, the patients in cohort studies are expressly not randomised and the physician in charge independently chooses the administered treatment. This comparative, non-interventional observation provides well-founded evidence of the \"real-world effectiveness\" of the tested preparation.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>952 patients with heart failure (NYHA II) were enrolled in the study by 217 general practitioners. 588 patients received Crataegus special extract WS 1442 (Crataegutt novo 450) either as an add-on therapy or as a monotherapy (Crataegus cohort) and 364 patients received therapy without hawthorn (comparative cohort). These two groups had the same indication (heart failure NYHA II) but were significantly different regarding gender, age and concomitant cardiovascular disease. Basically, in view of the free choice of therapy made by the physician in charge, such differences are to be expected in comparative observational studies. A sufficient degree of patient comparability was provided by means of the matched-pairs technique, which replaced the randomisation procedure normally used in clinical studies. After 2 years, 130 patient pairs generated by this technique could be included in the interim assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical symptoms with regard to all parameters investigated showed the same or a more pronounced improvement in the Crataegus cohort in the course of 2 years. After 2 years, the three cardinal symptoms of heart failure--fatigue (p = 0.036), stress dyspnoea (p = 0.020) and palpitations (p = 0.048)--were significantly less marked in the Crataegus cohort than in the comparative cohort.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The particular design of the cohort study also provides valuable additional information: (1) Hawthorn special extract WS 1442 was prescribed in registered cardiological practices for the treatment of patients with heart failure stage NYHA II, partly as an alternative and partly as a supplement to the used chemical-synthetic drugs. (2) Favourable effects on the clinical symptoms were achieved although the patients in the Crataegus cohort received markedly few","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 Suppl 1 ","pages":"36-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000080574","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24670110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for classifying study designs to evaluate health care interventions.","authors":"B C Reeves","doi":"10.1159/000080570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000080570","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers who are trained in epidemiology recognise and use the standard range of designs, i. e. retrospective and prospective cohort studies and case control studies, for studying aetiological questions. The application of study designs to health care interventions is more complex. Researchers may modify familiar designs, in response to specific problems posed by the interventions being evaluated, and an unambiguous nomenclature has not been established. Also, researchers who set out to evaluate interventions are not always trained in epidemiology and often use familiar study design labels in an ambiguous or inappropriate manner. The susceptibility to bias of different study designs is a critical consideration for users of research evidence. Sources of bias are the same for all studies, i. e. selection, performance, detection and attrition bias, but the susceptibility of studies is likely to vary depending on their design. Evidence of associations between features of study designs, specific biases and their consistent influence on effect estimates is lacking. A framework for classifying study design will be proposed, based on key features of study designs, i. e. what researchers actually did. This framework may (a) help to reduce the ambiguity about study design labels, and uncertainty about how a study was actually carried out, and (b) help methodological researchers to gather evidence about associations between different study design features and susceptibility to bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 Suppl 1 ","pages":"13-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000080570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24671227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of considering research design in a wider context.","authors":"R van Haselen","doi":"10.1159/000080577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000080577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reflects on the importance of considering research design in relation to the question at hand, and argues that the \"best\" method maximises both rigor and appropriateness. It comments on some of the papers published in this supplement, and emphasises that different audiences will have different needs in terms of the level of evidence required. Suggestions are made how some of the problems associated with randomized trials of Complementary Therapies can be overcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 Suppl 1 ","pages":"53-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000080577","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24671642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative observational studies in therapeutic research: approach to the development of guidelines for research and reporting. Proceedings of a symposium. Ruttihubelbad, Switzerland, 24-27 August 2003.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000080567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000080567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 Suppl 1 ","pages":"1-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000080567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24671223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Circular instead of hierarchic].","authors":"H Walach","doi":"10.1159/000080555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000080555","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 4","pages":"205-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000080555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24667694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Health-related control belief and quality of life in chronically ill patients after a behavioral intervention in an integrative medicine clinic--an observational study].","authors":"B Hoffmann,&nbsp;S Moebus,&nbsp;A Michalsen,&nbsp;A Paul,&nbsp;G Spahn,&nbsp;G J Dobos,&nbsp;K H Jöckel","doi":"10.1159/000079445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000079445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In 1999 the Clinic for Internal Medicine and Integrative Medicine was founded in Essen as a regular part of the German inpatient health care system. Integrative medicine (standard internal medicine, evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine combined with intensified lifestyle modification) aims to help patients with chronic illness to cope with their condition more effectively and to achieve a health-promoting lifestyle. Techniques include cognitive restructuring, the elicitation of the relaxation response, and lifestyle education. The goal is to increase health-related quality of life (QoL) as well as control beliefs and to reduce morbidity in later life.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To demonstrate changes in quality of life, lifestyle, and control beliefs after a two-week hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Uncontrolled prospective observational study with 557 consecutive hospital patients. Outcome parameters were quality of life (SF36), control beliefs (GKU), and daily health-related behavior (nutrition, physical activity, relaxation) on admission, at discharge, as well as 3 and 6 months after discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Weekly physical activity increases by 29%, consumption of not recommendable foods decreases by 18%. The majority of patients (57%) engage in relaxation exercises 6 months after discharge (on admission 23%). The physical sum scale (SF36) increases from 33.9 (95% KI 32.5-35.3) on admission to 37.3 (35.8-38.9) 6 months after discharge, the mental sum scale from 41.2 (39.5-42.9) to 45.1 (43.5-46.7). The ratio internal/external control belief rises from 1.17 (95% KI 1.11-1.24) to 1.32 (1.24-1.40). Pretherapeutic ratio internal/external control belief and its increase are associated with rises in QoL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>After integrative medicine treatment a lasting increase in QoL and lifestyle changes can be achieved. Reinforcement of internal control beliefs and own competence is possible and enhances outcomes in chronically ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 3","pages":"159-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000079445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24611377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Placebo: nuisance or the equally important other side of the coin?].","authors":"K-L Resch","doi":"10.1159/000079442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000079442","url":null,"abstract":"Wenn überzeugte Naturheilkundler oder Komplementärmediziner mit eingefleischten Schulmedizinern ins Diskutieren kommen, dann prallen konzeptionelle Welten aufeinander. Reduktionisten schimpfen die einen, die für sich selbst eine ganzheitliche (holistische) Sicht der Dinge in Anspruch nehmen – Plazebomediziner lästern die anderen, die für sich eine «objektive, wissenschaftliche» Sicht der Dinge reklamieren. Plazebo – ein Reizwort, ein Schimpfwort. Synonym für Scharlatanerie, Quacksalberei, Kurieren mit geschlossenen Augen, Betrug am Patienten? Oder einfach inhärent unethisch, da im Wesentlichen ein Phantom, ein Mythos – gegen dessen angebliche «Power» [1] die «Evidence» aus vielen Studien spricht [2]? In der Vergangenheit mit Abstand am häufigsten eingesetzt wurden Plazebos in der Arzneimittelforschung, da die Zulassungsbehörden der meisten Industrieländer grundsätzlich mindestens zwei randomisiert kontrollierte Studien fordern, bei denen in der Kontrollgruppe ein Medikament ohne einen arzneilich wirksamen Stoff einem äusserlich identischen Medikament gegenübergestellt wird, das als einzigen Unterschied den Wirkstoff enthält, für den die Zulassung beantragt wird. Es geht dabei ausschliesslich um die Frage: Was bewirkt dieser Wirkstoff? Deshalb ist es auch logisch, konsequent und richtig, dass alle anderen potenziellen Einflussfaktoren ausgeschaltet werden müssen, vor allem die Erwartungshaltung seitens des Patienten und eventuelle, auch unoder unterbewusste suggestive Einflüsse seitens des Behandlers. Das wird erreicht durch die sog. doppelte Verblindung, deren Ziel es ist, zu «maskieren», welcher Patient welches der beiden Präparate, «Verum» oder «Plazebo», erhält. Ein ausgeprägter Plazeboeffekt ist bei Arzneimittelstudien verständlicherweise nichts weniger als erwünscht, denn sein Anteil am Gesamteffekt geht zu Lasten des spezifischen Effektes. Auch damit mag das eher schlechte Image des Plazeboeffektes zusammen hängen. Gut möglich auch, dass die Ergebnisse des systematischen Reviews von Hrobjartsson und Gotzsche [2] («we found little evidence in general that placebos had powerful clinical effects») nicht nur durch einen relevanten Publication Bias, sondern auch durch den vorherrschenden Kontext Arzneimittelstudie verzerrt sind. Wenig Klarheit scheint auch konzeptionell zu bestehen, wir selbst fanden z.B. in einer systematischen MedlineAnalyse Mitte der 90er Jahre, dass in 40% der Publikationen, in denen die beiden Begriffe «Plazebo» und «unbehandelt» verwendet wurden, diese synonym verwendet wurden [3]. Dabei gibt es bemerkenswerte experimentelle Hinweise, dass nicht nur der Wirkstoff einen relevanten Effekt verursachen kann, sondern dass dies auch «unspezifische Wirkfaktoren» können. Ein Plazebo zum Einreiben wirkt besser als eines zum Einnehmen in Tropfenform [4]. Fast jeder hat die klinische Erfahrung gemacht, dass eine Injektion ohne Wirkstoff eine stärkere Wirkung hat als die perorale Form – und in der Lage ist, (zumindest temporär) klinis","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 3","pages":"140-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000079442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24611458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of (-)-trans-(1S,2S)-U50488 hydrochloride by its enantiomer in white mice -- a placebo-controlled, randomized study.","authors":"R M Kuzeff,&nbsp;M N Topashka-Ancheva,&nbsp;R P Mecheva","doi":"10.1159/000079443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000079443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have been performed to see if toxicity of optically active compounds may be inhibited by potentized preparations of their enantiomers. The present study is based on the hypothesis that the toxic effects of an optical isomer may be counteracted or reversed by the administration of a potentized preparation of one of its stereoisomers and in particular the enantiomer (patent applied for).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The design was prospective, blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled. 210 ICR conventional mice were used. 105 mice were administered a mixture of (+)-U50488 hydrochloride homeopathic potencies prior to and during the experiment, and the other 105 were administered indistinguishable placebo. The first 52 mice were used to establish an LD(50) of intraperitoneally administered (-)-U50488 hydrochloride under the conditions of this experiment. The estimated LD(50) was 25 mg/kg. The remaining 158 mice were then administered this LD(50) of (-)-U50488 HCl intraperitoneally. One mouse from the placebo group was excluded from the analysis because it died immediately after the possibly intravenous injection of (-)-U50488 HCl.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>67% of homeopathy mice survived compared with 47% of placebo mice. The end point for statistical analysis was the difference in survival between the placebo and homeopathy mice. The analysis was adjusted for mouse weight using a logistic regression (LR) model. The LR treatment odds ratio for survival of treatment mice relative to placebo mice was 2.301 and the LR treatment chi-square was 6.2030 (1 degree of freedom), which has a p-value of 0.0128. Consequently, we reject the null hypothesis of no treatment effect on survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that toxicity of intraperitoneal injection of (-)-U50488 hydrochloride may be inhibited by administration of a mixture of potencies of its enantiomer.</p>","PeriodicalId":80278,"journal":{"name":"Forschende Komplementarmedizin und klassische Naturheilkunde = Research in complementary and natural classical medicine","volume":"11 3","pages":"144-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000079443","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24611459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}