Melinda E Fernyhough, Deri L Helterline, Janet L Vierck, Rod A Hill, Michael V Dodson
{"title":"Coulter counter use in the enumeration of muscle and fat stem cells.","authors":"Melinda E Fernyhough, Deri L Helterline, Janet L Vierck, Rod A Hill, Michael V Dodson","doi":"10.1007/s11022-004-2382-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11022-004-2382-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the manual counting chamber (hemacytometer) is the gold standard for counting cells, this method is subject to great variability due to the 'human factor'. The automated cell counter (Coulter Counter) can enumerate cells in less time and with greater accuracy than the hemacytometer by removing many of the steps in which errors are made. While the Coulter Counter (and others of its type) has been used for many years in the cell culture field, there have been few studies to validate its use with specific cell types. We conducted several experiments in which we assessed the accuracy of the Coulter Counter over counts made with a hemacytometer as well as validated its use for the counting of satellite cells and preadipocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 3-4","pages":"221-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11022-004-2382-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25203830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zebrafish retinal slice preparation.","authors":"V P Connaughton","doi":"10.1023/B:MICS.0000006853.54435.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MICS.0000006853.54435.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper describes the protocol for generating thin (approximately 100 microm) slices of the zebrafish retina. Retinal slices retain the cytoarchitecture and synaptic contacts found in vivo, allowing neurons to be identified prior to physiological recordings. These characteristics distinguish retinal slices from both isolated cell and eyecup preparations. Studies using the zebrafish retinal slice have classified different retinal cell types, documented voltage- and ligand-gated current responses in distal bipolar neurons, and correlated physiological responses with neuronal morphology. Data collected using this protocol have provided baseline information about retinal circuitry that can be directly applied to behavioral studies examining visual function and/or mutants with visual system defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 1-2","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1023/B:MICS.0000006853.54435.85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24177905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zebrafish as an experimental model: strategies for developmental and molecular neurobiology studies.","authors":"Brian Key, Christine A Devine","doi":"10.1023/B:MICS.0000006849.98007.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MICS.0000006849.98007.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zebrafish provide a rapid and effective means for assessing gene function in the vertebrate nervous system. By employing gain- and loss-of-function techniques it is possible to obtain insights into the roles of both wild-type and heterologously expressed genes. Such approaches enable rapid progression from gene discovery to gene expression and finally to gene function even when examining development of a tissue as complex as the nervous system. Exploiting the full potential of zebrafish as a bioassay for the nervous system will require, not only an understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of normal zebrafish development, but also an appreciation of comparative processes in other species. When applied to mutant animals, classic morphological approaches and contemporary molecular genetic techniques are providing a wealth of information on the development of the nervous system at the molecular, cell, system and behavioural levels. Zebrafish are now emerging as an important tool, supporting mouse genetical approaches for understanding neural function in vertebrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 1-2","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1023/B:MICS.0000006849.98007.03","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24177459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jimann Shin, Hae-Chul Park, Jolanta M Topczewska, David J Mawdsley, Bruce Appel
{"title":"Neural cell fate analysis in zebrafish using olig2 BAC transgenics.","authors":"Jimann Shin, Hae-Chul Park, Jolanta M Topczewska, David J Mawdsley, Bruce Appel","doi":"10.1023/B:MICS.0000006847.09037.3a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MICS.0000006847.09037.3a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe here simple methods for producing transgenic zebrafish reporter lines using BAC clones. The use of BAC clones facilitates creation of useful transgenics as the large amounts of genomic DNA they contain increase the likelihood that reporter gene expression will be properly regulated. Combined with recent advances in live embryo image analysis, this strategy has the potential to greatly advance the investigation of neural cell behavior during development.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 1-2","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1023/B:MICS.0000006847.09037.3a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24177899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of neuronal maturation and acquisition of functional competence in the developing zebrafish olfactory system.","authors":"Yoko Sakata, Jared K Olson, William C Michel","doi":"10.1023/B:MICS.0000006852.16798.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1023/B:MICS.0000006852.16798.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olfactory coding at the level of the olfactory bulb is thought to depend upon an ensemble response of mitral cells receiving input from chemotopically-organized projections of olfactory sensory neurons and regulated by lateral inhibitory circuits. Immunocytochemical methods are described to metabolically classify neurons in the developing zebrafish olfactory system based on the relative concentrations of taurine, glutamate, GABA (and potentially other small biogenic amines) and a small guanidium-based cation, agmatine, which labels NMDA-sensitive cells by permeating through active ionotropic glutamate receptor channels. Using metabolic profiling in conjunction with activity dependent labeling we demonstrate that neuronal differentiation in the developing olfactory bulb, as assessed by acquisition of a mature neurochemical profile, and sensitivity to an ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist, NMDA, occurs during the second day of development. This experimental approach is likely to be useful in studies concerned with the development of glutamatergic signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 1-2","pages":"39-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1023/B:MICS.0000006852.16798.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24177904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cathrine Nilsson, Katarina Kågedal, Uno Johansson, Karin Ollinger
{"title":"Analysis of cytosolic and lysosomal pH in apoptotic cells by flow cytometry.","authors":"Cathrine Nilsson, Katarina Kågedal, Uno Johansson, Karin Ollinger","doi":"10.1007/s11022-004-8228-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11022-004-8228-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several reports indicate that the cytosol is acidified during apoptosis although the mechanism is not yet fully elucidated. The most acidic organelle found in the cell is the lysosome, raising the possibility that lysosomal proton release may contribute to the cytosolic acidification. We here describe methods for measurement of the cytosolic and lysosomal pH in U937 cells by a dual-emission ratiometric technique suitable for flow cytometry. Cytosolic pH was analysed in cells loaded with the fluorescent probe BCECF, while lysosomal pH was determined after endocytosis of FITC-dextran. Standard curves were obtained by incubating cells in buffers with different pH in the presence of the proton ionophore nigericin. Apoptosis was induced by exposure of cells to 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha for 4 h, and apoptotic cells were identified using a fluorescent marker for active caspases. By gating of control and apoptotic cells, the cytosolic and lysosomal pH were calculated in each population. The cytosolic pH was found to decrease from 7.2+/-0.1 to 5.8+/-0.1 and the lysosomal increased from 4.3+/-0.4 to 5.2+/-0.3. These methods will be useful in future attempts to evaluate the involvement of lysosomes in the acidification of the cytosol during apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 3-4","pages":"185-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11022-004-8228-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25203826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurement of hemoglobin in long-term fixed erythroid cells: application development for cell science experiments in microgravity.","authors":"Kun Xu, Kerry L Davis, Arthur J Sytkowski","doi":"10.1007/s11022-004-2381-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11022-004-2381-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studying the effects of microgravity on cell differentiation will enhance our understanding of fundamental biology and is indispensable for a sustained space program. Rauscher murine erythroleukemic cells were chosen as a model system to study erythroid cell differentiation aboard the International Space Station because these cells undergo differentiation in response to the natural inducer, erythropoietin, as well as various chemical-inducers. We have now developed a method to quantify hemoglobin in Rauscher cells after weeks of fixation and storage required for such space biology experiments. By exploiting the pseudoperoxidase activity of hemoglobin and by using reagents that yield a soluble chromophore that freely passes out of fixed cells, we developed a highly specific and sensitive assay applicable to cells fixed as long as 4 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 3-4","pages":"247-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11022-004-2381-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25203833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sterile polystyrene culture dishes induce transformation of polyps into medusae in Aurelia aurita (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria).","authors":"Klaus Herrmann, Barbara Siefker, Stefan Berking","doi":"10.1007/s11022-004-5592-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11022-004-5592-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyps of Aurelia aurita produce medusae once a year. Under laboratory conditions this process, termed strobilation, can be induced by lowering the incubation temperature for about two weeks. Here we report a fast induction of strobilation by sterile polystyrene culture dishes. The effect is abolished when the culture dishes are washed twice with hot water prior to the experiment. We recommend that polystyrene cultureware should be pre-washed whenever there is an indication of unusual effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 3-4","pages":"135-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11022-004-5592-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25204572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Epithelial cell cultures from Botryllus schlosseri palleal buds: accomplishments and challenges.","authors":"Claudette Rabinowitz, Baruch Rinkevich","doi":"10.1007/s11022-004-2087-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11022-004-2087-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study focuses on recent improvement in epithelial monolayer cultures originating from whole extirpated Botryllus schlosseri (Urochordata) buds. Buds (n = 2,000) were taken at different ('A' to 'D') blastogenic stages. We tested the suitability of 35 combinations of various substrates and media on attachment, cell spread, epithelial growth frequencies and on monolayer lifespans. Under favorable conditions, cultured buds at blastogenic stages 'B' to 'D' (but not stage 'A') started to attach to the substrates following a 3-day transient period that leads to formation of spheres and attached monolayers. Substrate type is important for the attachment and the development of monolayers. Under various culture conditions, some of stages 'B' and 'C' buds develop (3-20 days) one or more large (1 mm diameter) spheres. Stage 'D' buds develop monolayers (up to 20% of buds) without going through a sphere phase. Neither spheres nor attached monolayers of epithelium were observed in stage 'A' bud cultures. Spheres grew at a rate of 60 microm in diameter per day using specific medium types and did not attach unless the appropriate substrate was present. When attached, epithelial monolayers expanded at a rate of 200 microm in diameter per day, for 3-15 days, and subsequently detached and died. Sixteen types of media were tested. Medium and substrate combinations were found to determine epithelial lifespan. These results revealed significant improvements in the culture of epithelial monolayers from Botryllus palleal buds. However, an early senescence of the developed epithelial sheets (up to two weeks from onset of appearance) may indicate an internal ageing clock that should be taken into consideration in future approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 3-4","pages":"137-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11022-004-2087-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25204573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lynette M Williams, Mark St J Crane, Nicholas Gudkovs
{"title":"Development and characterisation of pilchard (Sardinops sagax neopilchardus) cell lines derived from liver and heart tissues.","authors":"Lynette M Williams, Mark St J Crane, Nicholas Gudkovs","doi":"10.1007/s11022-004-9801-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11022-004-9801-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two cell lines have been established from juvenile pilchards (Sardinops sagax neopilchardus) caught in waters off the Victorian coast of Australia. Following establishment of primary cultures derived from different pilchard tissues, using various cell culture media, a pilchard liver (PL) cell line and a pilchard heart (PH) cell line have been maintained in Eagle's minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum for over four years. The cell lines have been cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen and can be recovered from storage with good cell viability. Stock cell cultures have been maintained at 20-22 degrees C on a continuous basis in normal atmosphere (100% air), with weekly subculture at a split ratio of 3:1. The origin of the cell cultures was confirmed by PCR analysis using primers designed to be specific for pilchard mitochondrial DNA. In addition, the liver cell line was cloned and both the parental cell line and clones thereof were shown to be susceptible to a broad range of marine and freshwater viral pathogens of fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":80082,"journal":{"name":"Methods in cell science : an official journal of the Society for In Vitro Biology","volume":"25 3-4","pages":"105-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s11022-004-9801-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25032610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}