Annals of Nuclear Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Application of modified Curie and SIOPEN skeleton scoring systems in 18F-AlF-NOTA-octreotide PET/CT for neuroblastoma","authors":"Siqi Li,&nbsp;Baojun Sang,&nbsp;Jun Liu,&nbsp;Yuxuan Liu,&nbsp;Yanfeng Xu,&nbsp;Xiaorong Sun,&nbsp;Jigang Yang","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02006-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-02006-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The study aimed to explore the role of fluorine-18-aluminum fluoride-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-octreotide (¹⁸F-OC) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in neuroblastoma (NB) and compared it with Iodine-123 labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (¹²³I-MIBG) scintigraphy with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), as well as to investigate the feasibility of the modified Curie scoring system and International Society of Pediatric Oncology Europe Neuroblastoma (SIOPEN) skeleton scoring system applied in ¹⁸F-OC PET/CT.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients with pathologically confirmed NB underwent ¹²³I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-OC PET/CT according the standard imaging protocols. The interval between the two imaging techniques ranged from 0 to 22 days (median interval: 9 days). The number of lesions in modified Curie scoring system and SIOPEN skeleton scoring system applied on ¹²³I-MIBG SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-OC PET/CT was compared.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 50 NB patients (male: female = 25:25) with a median age of 62-month-old were enrolled. ¹²³I-MIBG and ¹⁸F-OC imaging were positive in 22 patients and negative in 27 patients. 1 patient had positive ¹⁸F-OC but negative ¹²³I-MIBG results (<i>p</i> = 1.000). In lesion-based analysis, ¹⁸F-OC PET/CT revealed more positive lesions than ¹²³I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT (57 vs. 44, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), regardless of bone/bone marrow lesions (43 vs. 37, <i>p</i> = 0.031) or soft tissue lesions (14 vs. 7, <i>p</i> = 0.016). The Curie scores of the two imaging techniques showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> = 0.047), whereas no statistic difference for SIOPEN scores (<i>p</i> = 0.688). The Curie and SIOPEN scores were significantly higher in patients with the presence of MYCN amplification or positive bone marrow puncture result (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>¹⁸F-OC could be used in the evaluation of NB, and the modified Curie scoring system could be used to semi-quantify the disease extent of NB in ¹⁸F-OC PET/CT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":"353 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiolabelled anti-PD-L1 peptide PET/CT in predicting the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Xin Zhou,&nbsp;Shi Yan,&nbsp;Dan Li,&nbsp;Hua Zhu,&nbsp;Bing Liu,&nbsp;Shiwei Liu,&nbsp;Wei Zhao,&nbsp;Zhi Yang,&nbsp;Nan Wu,&nbsp;Nan Li","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02009-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-02009-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of baseline PD-L1 targeted peptide ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT in neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy of resectable NSCLC.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients with resectable NSCLC (<i>n</i> = 20) enrolled in this prospective study received baseline paired ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. After 2–4 cycles of toripalimab plus nab-paclitaxel and cisplatin, surgery was performed if R0 resection was available. The major pathologic response (MPR) state of the post-operative specimen was recorded. The imaging parameters of the ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT, ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT and CT between the MPR and non-MPR groups and their predictive efficacy of MPR were compared.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Among 20 patients, 17 patients underwent surgery, 10 achieved an MPR and 7 did not. The SUV_max and tumour-to-blood pool (TBR) of baseline ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-WL12 in the MPR group were higher than those in the non-MPR group, and the difference in TBR was statistically significant. The ΔSUL_peak% of ¹⁸F-FDG exhibited differences between the MPR and non-MPR groups with no significance. Baseline ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT parameters and Δ<i>D</i>% failed to differentiate the two groups. The areas under the ROC curves of SUV_max, TBR in ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT, Δ<i>D</i>% and ΔSUL_peak% in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were 0.76, 0.79, 0.71 and 0.80, respectively, in predicting MPR.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Baseline ⁶⁸Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET/CT has a potential to predict the pathological response of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC, whose efficacy is comparable to that of therapy evaluations employing baseline and follow-up CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT examinations.</p><p><i>Trial registration</i>: NCT04304066, registered 13 November 2020, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000AEI9&amp;selectaction=Edit&amp;uid=U000503E&amp;ts=2&amp;cx=-awajet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":"364 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of a new anthropomorphic phantom simulating the chest and abdomen regions in PET tests","authors":"Hiroaki Sagara,&nbsp;Kazumasa Inoue,&nbsp;Chikara Mano,&nbsp;Hironori Kajiwara,&nbsp;Yuichi Nagai,&nbsp;Hirofumi Fujii,&nbsp;Anri Inaki","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02007-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-02007-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the clinical utility of a new anthropomorphic phantom that reproduces the chest and abdomen better than the conventional National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) body phantom, count rates and image quality of PET images obtained from patients were evaluated.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Anthropomorphic phantoms were used to include radioactivity in the lung, liver, kidney, and background regions. Two NEMA body phantoms were used for chest and abdominal assessments. The cross calibration factor (CCF) cylinder phantom was also used to reproduce the distribution of radioactivity outside the field of view, simulating the patient brain. Four types of phantoms were used in the PET imaging experiment, and for each phantom, the prompt coincidence count rates, random coincidence count rates, true + scatter coincidence count rates, and single photon count rates were measured. Then, these count rates were compared with count rates from actual clinical data. PET image quality assessment was done using the parameters, noise equivalent count patient (NEC_patient), noise equivalent count density (NEC_density), and liver signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Random coincidence count rates showed that the data obtained from each phantom were in good agreement with the clinical data. True + scatter coincidence count rates had better agreement with clinical data when measured for anthropomorphic phantoms than for the NEMA body phantoms. Furthermore, when the CCF Cylinder phantom simulating the brain was placed outside the imaging field of view, the results were closer to the clinical data. PET image quality was 1.4% higher for NEC_patient obtained from anthropomorphic phantoms compared to the mean obtained from clinical data. NEC_density was 15.0% lower than the mean value obtained from clinical data. Liver SNR was 14.8% higher in PET images reconstructed using the 3D-ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) method. It was 10.0% lower in PET images reconstructed with the image reconstruction method Q.Clear (GE Healthcare) using the Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) method.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The new anthropomorphic phantom was more consistent with the count rates obtained from clinical data than the conventional NEMA body phantoms were and it was able to better simulate the distribution of radioactivity concentrations in the patients by reproducing the distribution of radioactivity concentrations outside the field of view.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":"303 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12149-024-02007-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake for axillary lymph node metastasis in operable breast cancer: impact of molecular subtypes","authors":"Chae Hong Lim,&nbsp;Jun-Hee Lee,&nbsp;Jihyoun Lee,&nbsp;Soo Bin Park","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02002-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-02002-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To evaluate the predictive value of standardized uptake value (SUV) in both primary tumors and axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) using FDG PET/CT for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients, and to assess the influence of molecular subtypes on this predictive performance.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study included 287 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) who underwent FDG PET/CT prior to surgery between September 2016 and December 2019. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) of primary tumors (SUV-B) and ALNs (SUV-LN) were analyzed. Molecular subtypes were classified as hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess and compare the diagnostic performance of SUV-B and SUV-LN for predicting ALN metastasis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 287 patients, 62 (21.6%) had confirmed ALN metastasis. The median SUV-LN was significantly higher in patients with metastasis compared to those without metastasis (1.5 vs. 0.9; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). SUV-LN demonstrated good discriminative performance for ALN metastasis (AUC: 0.796), whereas SUV-B did not show significant predictive value (AUC: 0.536). The SUV_LN demonstrated significantly lower predictive performance for ALN metastasis in the hormone-positive group (AUC: 0.796) compared to the excellent discriminative performance in the HER2-positive (AUC: 0.923, <i>P</i> = 0.018) and TNBC (AUC: 0.940, <i>P</i> = 0.004) groups. Hormone receptor-positive tumors also exhibited lower FDG uptake in metastatic lymph nodes compared to HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes (<i>P</i> = 0.031).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>FDG PET/CT SUV-LN effectively predicts ALN metastasis in HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes. Hormone receptor-positive breast cancers show lower FDG uptake in metastatic ALNs, reducing diagnostic accuracy. This finding may aid in selecting the most appropriate diagnostic modality based on tumor characteristics in the era of personalized medicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":"315 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of position emission tomography derived endocardial wall strain: direct comparison with magnetic resonance using hybrid 13N ammonia PETMR system","authors":"Masataka Katahira,&nbsp;Kenji Fukushima,&nbsp;Keiichiro Endo,&nbsp;Masateru Kawakubo,&nbsp;Naoyuki Ukon,&nbsp;Ryo Yamakuni,&nbsp;Takatoyo Kiko,&nbsp;Takeshi Shimizu,&nbsp;Shiro Ishii,&nbsp;Takayoshi Yamaki,&nbsp;Michinobu Nagao,&nbsp;Hiroshi Ito,&nbsp;Yasuchika Takeishi","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01997-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01997-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of positron emission tomography feature tracking (PETFT) for assessing endocardial wall strain by comparing it with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived feature tracking (CMRFT).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We enrolled 83 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who underwent rest-pharmacologic stress ¹³N-ammonia PETMR (67 males, mean age 66 years). PETFT and CMRFT were obtained through simultaneous acquisition with electrocardiography-gated PET and cine-CMR. Global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS and GCS) were calculated. Correlations and Bland–Altman plots were employed to evaluate associations, bias, and 95% limit of agreement (LOA) between PETFT and CMRFT.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>PETFT and CMRFT showed significant correlations (<i>R</i> = 0.57 [95% CI 0.41–0.70], <i>R</i> = 0.71 [95% CI 0.58–0.80], <i>R</i> = 0.59 [95% CI 0.43–0.71], and <i>R</i> = 0.69 [95% CI 0.56–0.79] for rest GLS, rest GCS, stress GLS, and stress GCS, respectively; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for all). Bland–Altman plot showed good agreements, while a systematic error was observed (LOA -10.2–8.8, -8.7–10.7, -10.5–8.5, and -9.4–12.0; bias -0.7, 1.0, -1.0, and 1.3; for rest GLS, rest GCS, stress GLS, and stress GCS; respectively).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>PETFT has been identified as a feasible technique compared to CMRFT, highlighting its potential as a novel tool for assessing wall strain in routine clinical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 3","pages":"285 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 13th World Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology congress (WFNMB 2022): summarize the past half century and discuss the next half century of WFNMB-","authors":"Hirofumi Fujii,&nbsp;Hiroshi Toyama,&nbsp;Daiki Kayano,&nbsp;Kazunari Ishii,&nbsp;Seigo Kinuya","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01999-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01999-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 13th World Federation of Nuclear Medicine and Biology congress (WFNMB 2022) was held in Kyoto and Kanazawa, Japan in September 2022, approximately half a century after the first World Congress of Nuclear Medicine held in Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan. In this paper, we describe the road to hosting another WFNMB congress in Japan, including the historic election for WFNMB 2022, the state of WFNMB 2022 in Kyoto, and the post-congress symposium in Kanazawa. This congress, themed “Summarize the past half century and discuss the next half century of WFNMB,” was successful and strongly encouraged doctors and researchers to develop future research and clinical practice in nuclear medicine.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":"87 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142765721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"18F-FET PET/CT can aid in diagnosing patients with indeterminate MRI findings for brain tumors: a prospective study","authors":"Sheng-Chieh Chan,&nbsp;Tsung-Lang Chiu,&nbsp;Shu-Hang Ng,&nbsp;Hung-Wen Kao,&nbsp;Sheng-Tzung Tsai,&nbsp;Shu-Hsin Liu","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02005-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-02005-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This prospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorine-18-labeled fluoroethyltyrosine (¹⁸F-FET) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in diagnosing brain tumors within an Asian patient population.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Patients suspected of having primary or recurrent brain tumors were prospectively recruited. Each patient underwent ¹⁸F-FET and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) PET/CT on separate days within 1 week. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy to compare the diagnostic performance of the two PET scans. The standardized uptake value (SUV) and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) of the lesions were determined using static images. Additionally, time–activity curves (TACs) and time-to-peak (TTP) were generated from the dynamic PET images.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>From September 2019 to December 2023, 33 subjects were enrolled for reasons including suspected brain tumors (<i>n</i> = 20) or suspicious glioma recurrence (<i>n</i> = 8) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and restaging for glioma (<i>n</i> = 5). Among the patients with suspected brain tumors or glioma recurrence on MRI, 25% had false-positive results. ¹⁸F-FET PET/CT accurately identified 86% of these false positives. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of visual interpretation of ¹⁸F-FET PET/CT were 96.2%, 85.7%, 96.2%, 85.7%, and 93.9%, respectively. The corresponding ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT values were 73.1%, 71.4%, 90.5%, 41.7%, and 72.7%. ¹⁸F-FET PET/CT demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy than ¹⁸F-FDG PET (<i>p</i> = 0.031 and <i>p</i> = 0.030, respectively). Using TBRmean as an adjunct reference index enhanced the diagnostic accuracy of ¹⁸F-FET PET/CT, achieving a sensitivity and NPV of 100%. Wash-out TAC or TTP &lt; 20 min was associated with a PPV of 100% for brain tumors.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>¹⁸F-FET PET/CT appears to be a valuable tool for assessing brain tumors with indeterminate MRI findings in this Asian cohort. ¹⁸F-FET PET/CT offers benefits over ¹⁸F-FDG PET in differentiating brain tumors from nontumor brain lesions, particularly when using semiquantitative analysis with TBR.</p><p>This study was registered on CinicalTrial.gov (NCT06563024).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":"342 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of tumor-to-blood ratio of radioimmunoconjugates by poly(ethyleneimine)-containing chelating agent","authors":"Kazuma Nakashima,&nbsp;Hiroki Shimohara,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Watanabe,&nbsp;Masahiro Ono","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02003-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-02003-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) exhibit marked tumor uptake in cancer imaging and therapy, although their high blood retention has limited the development of RICs. In our previous study, a trifunctional chelating agent with a cationic poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) structure of tetraethylenepentamine (PEI4), maleimide-DOTA-PEI4 (MDI4), improved the tumor-to-blood ratio of RICs by increasing tumor retention compared with a conventional bifunctional chelating agent. In this study, we developed a novel chelating agent composed of a maleimide moiety, DOTA derivative, and two PEI4 structures as a PEI4-2 unit, maleimide-DOTA-PEI4-2 (MDI4-2), a design for a highly cationized chelating agent to synthesize RICs. The properties of MDI4-2 were compared with MDI4 to evaluate the effect of the PEI4-2 unit on the pharmacokinetics of RICs.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Trastuzumab and ¹¹¹In were selected as a model mAb and radiometal, respectively. Trastuzumab-based RICs were synthesized using MDI4-2 by two-step radiolabeling, wherein conjugation with mAbs is followed by radiolabeling of chelating agents, to obtain trastuzumab-[¹¹¹In]In-MDI4-2 ([¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4-2). The immunoreactivity and residualizing properties of [¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4-2 were evaluated using human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)/<i>neu</i>-expressing SK-OV-3 cells. A biodistribution assay using SK-OV-3 tumor-bearing mice was also performed for [¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4-2 and the results were compared with trastuzumab-[¹¹¹In]In-MDI4 ([¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>[¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4-2 was successfully synthesized by two-step radiolabeling at a radiochemical yield of 37.7%. The immunoreactivity of [¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4-2 was determined as 81.7%, suggesting the maintained binding ability through radiolabeling steps. The internalization assay revealed equivalent internalizing properties of [¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4-2 to [¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4. In the biodistribution assay, [¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4-2 exhibited lower blood retention of radioactivity to and comparable tumor uptake with [¹¹¹In]In-TMDI4, resulting in an improved tumor-to-blood ratio. These in vitro and in vivo results indicate that the PEI4-2 unit largely contributed to the decrease in the blood radioactivity of RICs without compromising the tumor uptake.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>MDI4-2 with the PEI4-2 unit exhibited favorable properties for designing RICs with an improved tumor-to-blood ratio.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":"323 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRIMARY scoring in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT: correlation with prostate cancer risk groups and its potential impact on active surveillance","authors":"Hatice Uslu,&nbsp;Dilruba Şahin,&nbsp;Ebru İbişoğlu,&nbsp;Mehmet Tarık Tatoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-02004-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-02004-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The PRIMARY scoring system is a scale designed to identify clinically significant intraprostatic malignancies on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT images. Active surveillance is a management method for patients with low-risk prostate cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of PRIMARY scoring in identifying appropriate candidates for active surveillance based on the distribution within prostate cancer risk groups.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The data of 134 patients diagnosed with PCa by biopsy who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging for post-diagnostic staging purposes were retrospectively analyzed. Age, total PSA, ISUP grade, prostate lesion SUVmax values, PI-RADS scores, and PRIMARY scores were recorded. Patients were classified into low-risk and intermediate/high-risk groups.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In the intermediate/high-risk group, the PRIMARY score was 1–2 in 17.6% and 3–5 in 82.4% of patients. In the low-risk group, the PRIMARY score was 1–2 in 34.7% and 3–5 in 65.3% of patients. None of the patients in the low-risk group had a PRIMARY score of 5. The most frequent PRIMARY score in both groups was 4, and there was a significant difference between the average SUVmax values of the intermediate/high and low-risk groups with a PRIMARY score of 4 (<i>p</i> = 0.018). The sensitivity of PRIMARY scoring in detecting patients in the intermediate/high-risk group was 82.3%, the specificity was 34.6%, and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 68.6%. When a cut-off SUVmax value 5.0 was used for the PRIMARY score of 4, the sensitivity was 67.0%, the specificity was 65.3% and the PPV was 77.0%. In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.727 for PRIMARY scoring, 0.662 for PI-RADS, and 0.744 for their combined mean.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The PRIMARY scoring system can complement PI-RADS scoring in mpMRI for selecting patients suitable for active surveillance. Revising the PRIMARY score 4 with an SUVmax cut-off value may increase the specificity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":"334 - 341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of visual information in multimodal large language model performance: an evaluation using the Japanese nuclear medicine board examination","authors":"Takashi Watanabe,&nbsp;Akira Baba,&nbsp;Takeshi Fukuda,&nbsp;Ken Watanabe,&nbsp;Jun Woo,&nbsp;Hiroya Ojiri","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01992-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01992-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the performance of state-of-the-art multimodal large language models (LLMs), specifically GPT-4o, Claude 3 Opus, and Gemini 1.5 Pro, on Japanese Nuclear Medicine Board Examination (JNMBE) questions and to evaluate the influence of visual information on the decision-making process.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This study utilized 92 questions with images from the JNMBE (2019–2023). The LLMs’ responses were assessed under two conditions: providing both text and images and providing only text. Each model answered all questions thrice, and the most frequent answer choice was considered the final answer. The accuracy and agreement rates among the model answers were evaluated using statistical tests.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>GPT-4o, Claude 3 Opus, and Gemini 1.5 Pro exhibited no significant differences in terms of accuracy between the text-and-image and text-only conditions. GPT-4o and Claude 3 Opus demonstrated accuracies of 54.3% (95% CI: 44.2%–64.1%) each when provided with both text and images; however, they selected the same options as in the text-only condition for 71.7% of the questions. Gemini 1.5 Pro performed significantly worse than GPT-4o under text and image conditions. The agreement rates among the model answers ranged from weak to moderate.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The influence of images on decision-making in nuclear medicine is limited to the latest multimodal LLMs, and their diagnostic ability in this highly specialized field remains insufficient. Improving the utilization of image information and enhancing the answer reproducibility are crucial for the effective application of LLMs in nuclear medicine education and practice. Further advancements in these areas are necessary to harness the potential of LLMs as assistants in nuclear medicine diagnosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"39 2","pages":"217 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}