Annals of Nuclear Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Fundamental evaluation regarding the relationship between albumin-binding and tumor accumulation of PSMA-targeting radioligands","authors":"Nobuki Kazuta,&nbsp;Shohei Tsuchihashi,&nbsp;Hiroyuki Watanabe,&nbsp;Masahiro Ono","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01930-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01930-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The marked success of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting radioligands with albumin binder (ALB) is attributed to the improvement of blood retention and tumor accumulation. [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DA1, our PSMA-targeting radioligand with ALB, also achieved improved tumor accumulation due to its prolonged blood retention. Although the advantage of ALBs is related to their reversible binding to albumin, the relationship between albumin-binding and tumor accumulation of PSMA-targeting radioligands remains unclear because of the lack of information about radioligands with stronger albumin-binding than ALBs. In this study, we designed and synthesized [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM-HSA, a new radioligand that consists of a PSMA-targeting radioligand covalently bound to albumin. The pharmacokinetics of [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM-HSA was compared with those of [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DA1 and [¹¹¹In]In-PSMA-617, a non-ALB-conjugated radioligand, to evaluate the relationship between albumin-binding and tumor accumulation.</p><h3>Method</h3><p>The [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM-HSA was prepared by incubation of [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM, a PSMA-targeting radioligand including a maleimide group, and human serum albumin (HSA). The ability of [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM-HSA was evaluated by in vitro assays. A biodistribution study using LNCaP tumor-bearing mice was conducted to compare the pharmacokinetics of [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM-HSA, [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DA1, and [¹¹¹In]In-PSMA-617.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM-HSA was obtained at a favorable radiochemical yield and high radiochemical purity. In vitro assays revealed that [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM-HSA had fundamental characteristics as a PSMA-targeting radioligand interacting with albumin covalently. In a biodistribution study, [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM-HSA and [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DA1 showed higher blood retention than [¹¹¹In]In-PSMA-617. On the other hand, the tumor accumulation of [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DA1 was much higher than [¹¹¹In]In-PNT-DM-HSA and [¹¹¹In]In-PSMA-617.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results indicate that the moderate reversible binding of ALB with albumin, not covalent binding, may play a critical role in enhancing the tumor accumulation of PSMA-targeting radioligands.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 7","pages":"574 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140798043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of regional and total skeletal metabolism using 18F-NaF PET/CT in patients with chronic kidney disease","authors":"Sharjeel Usmani,&nbsp;Najeeb Ahmed,&nbsp;Gopinath Gnanasegaran,&nbsp;Fahad Marafi,&nbsp;Ahmed Bani-Mustafa,&nbsp;Tim Van den Wyngaert","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01929-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01929-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The study aims to assess regional and total bone metabolic activity in patients with chronic kidney disease using Na[¹⁸F]F PET and correlation between semi-quantitative indices and blood parameters.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Seventy-two subjects (mean age 61.8 ± 13.8 years) were included. Of these 24/72 patients had end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (GFR &lt; 15 mL/min/1.73 m²), 38/72 had chronic kidney disease (CKD) (GFR between 60 and 15 mL/min/1.73 m²), and 10/72 were controls with normal renal function. All subjects underwent Na[¹⁸F]F PET-CT with a dose activity of 0.06 mCi/Kg. Regional and total skeletal metabolism were assessed with mean SUVs in a skeletal volume of interest (VOI), bone to soft tissue index (B/S), global SUV mean (GSUV mean) of the whole bone, and uptake in the femoral neck.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Statistically significant differences were observed in a number of ¹⁸F-NaF metrics like femoral neck metabolism in CKD and ERSD groups in comparison to control in right (<i>P</i> = 0.003) and left femur (<i>P</i> = 0.006), bone to soft tissue index in the femur (<i>P</i> = 0.016) and GSUV₅ (<i>P</i> = 0.006). There is also a significant difference in SUV mean in lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4) among CKD, ESRD, and controls. There was a moderate correlation between ¹⁸F-NaF PET scan uptake and blood parameters such as ALP and PTH. Na[¹⁸F]F uptake parameters were significantly different in low versus high bone turnover state.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The assessment of total skeleton and regional metabolism and bone turnover in CKD patients is feasible with Na[¹⁸F]F PET. Na[¹⁸F]F can help to detect early changes in bone metabolism and assess the progression of bone disease in this complex condition. Quantification with Na[¹⁸F]F PET might provide better assessment of the bone turnover. The difference in Na[¹⁸F]F uptake in CKD compared to controls is likely related to a change in bone turnover which, however, requires further validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 7","pages":"563 - 573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of multiple-dose versus single-dose MIBG therapy in patients with refractory pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: a single-center retrospective analysis","authors":"Naoto Wakabayashi,&nbsp;Shiro Watanabe,&nbsp;Takashige Abe,&nbsp;Junki Takenaka,&nbsp;Kenji Hirata,&nbsp;Rina Kimura,&nbsp;Keita Sakamoto,&nbsp;Nobuo Shinohara,&nbsp;Kohsuke Kudo","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01928-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01928-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the incidence of adverse events (AEs) following single and multiple administrations of I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) therapy for inoperable pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A single-center retrospective study was conducted on patients with inoperable PPGLs who underwent I-131 MIBG therapy between January 2000 and December 2020. A total of 28 patients with available electronic medical records were included. The treatment consisted of a single intravenous administration of 150 mCi (5.55 GBq) of I-131 MIBG. We evaluated the first MIBG treatment and repeated MIBG treatments performed within 200 days of the previous treatment. AEs for each treatment were evaluated using CTCAE version 4.0, and the statistical analysis was conducted at a significance level of <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05. Objective response based on RECIST 1.1 criteria and biochemical response based on urinary catecholamines were assessed.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The study included a total of 63 administrations, consisting of 28 single administrations (SAs), including the first administration for all 28 cases, and 35 multiple administrations (MAs), which included the second or later administrations. Hematological AEs were evaluable for 23 SAs and 29 MAs. Grade 3 or higher leukopenia occurred in 9.8% of all administrations, and Grade 3 or higher lymphopenia in 23.5%; both were manageable through observation. There were no significant differences in clinical AE Grades 1–2 (<i>p</i> = 0.32), hematological AE Grades 1–2 (<i>p</i> = 0.22), or hematological AE Grades 3–4 (<i>p</i> = 0.12) between MAs and SAs. Statistical analysis for each type of AE revealed significant increases in leukopenia (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and lymphopenia (<i>p</i> = 0.04). No significant difference in anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia was observed between MAs and SAs. There was no significant increase in the incidence rate of Grade 3 or higher hematological AEs for any of the parameters. The objective response rate was 0% for SAs and 36% for MAs. Biochemical response rates were 18% for SAs and 67% for MAs.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In I-131 MIBG therapy for PPGLs, multiple administrations significantly increased only Grade 1 or 2 lymphopenia and leukopenia compared to single administration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 7","pages":"553 - 562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase of prostate-specific antigen doubling time predicts survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients undergoing radium therapy","authors":"Hsi-Huei Lu,&nbsp;Nan-Tsing Chiu,&nbsp;Mu-Hung Tsai","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01924-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01924-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Radium-223 (Ra-223) is an important treatment modality for bone-dominant metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, there is currently a lack of effective markers to monitor treatment response during treatment. We aim to investigate the response in prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) as a potential marker for assessing Ra-223 treatment in mCRPC patients.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively collected data from mCRPC patients who underwent radium treatment at our institution between August 2020 and June 2023. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements prior to treatment and during treatment were collected. Baseline PSADT was calculated from PSA measurements prior to Ra-223 treatment; interim PSADT was calculated from PSA measurements before Ra-223 treatment and prior to the fourth course injection. Overall survival was calculated from the start of treatment to the date of death. Univariable and multivariable analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model were performed to examine the association of factors with overall survival.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We included 35 patients from our institution, with a median overall survival of 13.3 months. Eighteen (51.4%) completed all six courses of treatment. PSA dynamic response (interim PSADT &gt; baseline PSADT or decreased PSA) was observed in 20 patients. Overall survival was associated with a PSA dynamic response (HR = 0.318, 95% CI 0.133–0.762, <i>p</i> = 0.010) when compared to patients without response.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Dynamic changes in PSADT were associated with survival in mCRPC patients receiving radium therapy. Comparing interim and baseline PSADT could serve as a valuable marker for determining treatment benefits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 7","pages":"508 - 515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140677589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of dose–volume histograms for metabolic response prediction in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial radioembolization with Y-90 resin microspheres","authors":"Nazim Coskun,&nbsp;Mehmet Oguz Kartal,&nbsp;Aysenur Sinem Kartal,&nbsp;Velihan Cayhan,&nbsp;Mustafa Ozdemir,&nbsp;Murat Canyigit,&nbsp;Elif Ozdemir","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01926-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01926-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Voxel-based dosimetry offers improved outcomes in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using glass microspheres. However, the adaptation of voxel-based dosimetry to resin-based microspheres has been poorly studied, and the prognostic relevance of heterogeneous dose distribution remains unclear. This study aims to explore the use of dose–volume histograms for resin microspheres and to determine thresholds for objective metabolic response in HCC patients treated with resin-based TARE.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively reviewed HCC patients who underwent TARE with Y-90-loaded resin microspheres in our institution between January 2021 and December 2022. Voxel-based dosimetry was performed on post-treatment Y-90 PET/CT images to extract parameters including mean dose absorbed by the tumor (mTD), the percentage of the targeted tumor volume (pTV), and the minimum doses absorbed by consecutive percentages within the tumor volume (D10, D25, D50, D75, D90). Assessment of metabolic response was done according to PERCIST criteria with F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging at 8–12 weeks after the treatment.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>This study included 35 lesions targeted with 22 TARE sessions in 19 patients (15 males, 4 females, mean age 60 ± 13 years). Objective metabolic response was achieved in 43% of the lesions (<i>n</i> = 15). Responsive lesions had significantly higher mTD, pTV, and D25-D90 values (all <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Optimal cut-off values for mTD, pTV, and D50 were 94.6 Gy (sensitivity 73%, specificity 70%, AUC 0.72), 94% (sensitivity 73%, specificity 55%, AUC 0.64), and 91 Gy (sensitivity 80%, specificity 80%, AUC 0.80), respectively.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Parameters derived from dose–volume histograms could offer valuable insights for predicting objective metabolic response in HCC patients treated with resin-based TARE. If verified with larger prospective cohorts, these parameters could enhance the precision of dose distribution and potentially optimize treatment outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 7","pages":"525 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No prognostic impact of staging bone scan in patients with stage IA non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Xia Zheng,&nbsp;Chunxia Li,&nbsp;Jing Ai,&nbsp;Guili Dong,&nbsp;Man Long,&nbsp;Mingyi Li,&nbsp;Shilin Qiu,&nbsp;Yanni Huang,&nbsp;Guangjun Yang,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenhui Li","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01927-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01927-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the survival benefit of preoperative bone scan in asymptomatic patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study included patients with radical resection for stage T1N0M0 NSCLC between March 2013 and December 2018. During postoperative follow-up, we monitored patient survival and the development of bone metastasis. We compared overall survival, bone metastasis-free survival, and recurrence-free survival in patients with or without preoperative bone scan. Propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting were used to minimize election bias.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 868 patients (58.19 ± 9.69 years; 415 men) were included in the study. Of 87.7% (761 of 868) underwent preoperative bone scan. In the multivariable analyses, bone scan did not improve overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.49; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.91–2.42; <i>p</i> = 0.113), bone metastasis-free survival (HR 1.18; 95% CI 0.73–1.90; <i>p</i> = 0.551), and recurrence-free survival (HR 0.89; 95% CI 0.58–1.39; <i>p</i> = 0.618). Similar results were obtained after propensity score matching (overall survival [HR 1.28; 95% CI 0.74–2.23; <i>p</i> = 0.379], bone metastasis-free survival [HR 1.00; 95% CI 0.58–1.72; <i>p</i> = 0.997], and recurrence-free survival [HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.46–1.24; <i>p</i> = 0.270]) and inverse probability of treatment weighting.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There were no significant differences in overall survival, bone metastasis-free survival, and recurrence-free survival between asymptomatic patients with clinical stage IA NSCLC with or without preoperative bone scan.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 7","pages":"534 - 543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of a deep-learning model using 18F-FDG PET/CT for evaluating recurrence after radiation therapy in patients with lung cancer","authors":"Changhwan Sung,&nbsp;Jungsu S. Oh,&nbsp;Byung Soo Park,&nbsp;Su Ssan Kim,&nbsp;Si Yeol Song,&nbsp;Jong Jin Lee","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01925-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01925-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We developed a deep learning model for distinguishing radiation therapy (RT)-related changes and tumour recurrence in patients with lung cancer who underwent RT, and evaluated its performance.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively recruited 308 patients with lung cancer with RT-related changes observed on ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) performed after RT. Patients were labelled as positive or negative for tumour recurrence through histologic diagnosis or clinical follow-up after ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. A two-dimensional (2D) slice-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model was created with a total of 3329 slices as input, and performance was evaluated with five independent test sets.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>For the five independent test sets, the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity were in the range of 0.98–0.99, 95–98%, and 87–95%, respectively. The region determined by the model was confirmed as an actual recurred tumour through the explainable artificial intelligence (AI) using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The 2D slice-based CNN model using ¹⁸F-FDG PET imaging was able to distinguish well between RT-related changes and tumour recurrence in patients with lung cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 7","pages":"516 - 524"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140574535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric net influx rate imaging of 68Ga-DOTATATE in patients with neuroendocrine tumors: assessment of lesion detectability","authors":"Hongyan Yin,&nbsp;Guobing Liu,&nbsp;Wujian Mao,&nbsp;Jing Lv,&nbsp;Haojun Yu,&nbsp;Dengfeng Cheng,&nbsp;Liang Cai,&nbsp;Hongcheng Shi","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01922-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01922-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>There has been developed a clinical dynamic total-body ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging protocol that allows quantitative imaging of net influx rate (<i>K</i>_<i>i</i>). Using qualitative and quantitative analyses of clinical studies, this retrospective study aims to assess whether parametric <i>K</i>_<i>i</i> images improve lesion detectability.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a 194-cm axial field-of-view PET/CT scanner, 52 patients with neuroendocrine tumors underwent a 60-min dynamic total-body ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE scan. Parametric <i>K</i>_<i>i</i> images and static standardized uptake value (SUV) images were generated. In addition to visual inspection of both sets of images, a quantitative analysis of 249 individual lesions was conducted using the target-to-background (TBR) metric.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 52 patients who underwent dynamic total-body ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT scans. A total of 249 lesions were evaluated, of which 66 lesions were biopsy-proven and 183 lesions were unproven. <i>K</i>_<i>i</i> images produced two fewer false positives than the SUV images. Overall, our results from 66 proven NET lesions suggested similar sensitivity (98.5%) but improved accuracy (from 95.6 to 97.1%) and potentially enhanced specificity with<i> K</i>_<i>i</i> over SUV imaging. Besides, there was no difference in the number of pathological lesions identified visually in both images. However, <i>K</i>_<i>i</i> TBR was significantly higher than SUV TBR quantitatively (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Patlak <i>K</i>_<i>i</i> imaging provides nuclear physicians with a PET image with higher tumor contrast which may enhance confidence in diagnosis with possibly reduced false positive results, albeit an equivalent detectability, compared to static SUV image.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 7","pages":"483 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of harmonization on the variability of PET radiomic features extracted using various segmentation methods","authors":"Seyyed Ali Hosseini,&nbsp;Isaac Shiri,&nbsp;Pardis Ghaffarian,&nbsp;Ghasem Hajianfar,&nbsp;Atlas Haddadi Avval,&nbsp;Milad Seyfi,&nbsp;Stijn Servaes,&nbsp;Pedro Rosa-Neto,&nbsp;Habib Zaidi,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Ay","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01923-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01923-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to examine the robustness of positron emission tomography (PET) radiomic features extracted via different segmentation methods before and after ComBat harmonization in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We included 120 patients (positive recurrence = 46 and negative recurrence = 74) referred for PET scanning as a routine part of their care. All patients had a biopsy-proven NSCLC. Nine segmentation methods were applied to each image, including manual delineation, K-means (KM), watershed, fuzzy-C-mean, region-growing, local active contour (LAC), and iterative thresholding (IT) with 40, 45, and 50% thresholds. Diverse image discretizations, both without a filter and with different wavelet decompositions, were applied to PET images. Overall, 6741 radiomic features were extracted from each image (749 radiomic features from each segmented area). Non-parametric empirical Bayes (NPEB) ComBat harmonization was used to harmonize the features. Linear Support Vector Classifier (LinearSVC) with L1 regularization For feature selection and Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM) with fivefold nested cross-validation was performed using StratifiedKFold with ‘n_splits’ set to 5 to predict recurrence in NSCLC patients and assess the impact of ComBat harmonization on the outcome.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>From 749 extracted radiomic features, 206 (27%) and 389 (51%) features showed excellent reliability (ICC ≥ 0.90) against segmentation method variation before and after NPEB ComBat harmonization, respectively. Among all, 39 features demonstrated poor reliability, which declined to 10 after ComBat harmonization. The 64 fixed bin widths (without any filter) and wavelets (LLL)-based radiomic features set achieved the best performance in terms of robustness against diverse segmentation techniques before and after ComBat harmonization. The first-order and GLRLM and also first-order and NGTDM feature families showed the largest number of robust features before and after ComBat harmonization, respectively. In terms of predicting recurrence in NSCLC, our findings indicate that using ComBat harmonization can significantly enhance machine learning outcomes, particularly improving the accuracy of watershed segmentation, which initially had fewer reliable features than manual contouring. Following the application of ComBat harmonization, the majority of cases saw substantial increase in sensitivity and specificity.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Radiomic features are vulnerable to different segmentation methods. ComBat harmonization might be considered a solution to overcome the poor reliability of radiomic features.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 7","pages":"493 - 507"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12149-024-01923-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of iatrogenic FDG accumulation after COVID-19 vaccination","authors":"Keiko Takahashi,&nbsp;Osamu Manabe,&nbsp;Kazuya Shizukuishi,&nbsp;Hirohumi Shibata,&nbsp;Hiroki Kawakami,&nbsp;Akira Otsuka,&nbsp;Noriko Oyama-Manabe","doi":"10.1007/s12149-024-01909-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12149-024-01909-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate the frequency of COVID-19 vaccine-induced reactive change and potential factors including blood type correlated with increased FDG uptake on positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT).</p><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We evaluated 284 patients who underwent PET/CT between June and September 2021 and had a known history of COVID-19 vaccination. Information on the injection site, vaccine type, and adverse reactions was obtained. We visually assessed the presence or absence of accumulation in the axillary and supraclavicular lymph nodes and the deltoid muscles. We measured the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) using semi-quantitative analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our study included 158 males and 126 females aged 16–94. The median time between vaccination and PET/CT was 9 and 42 days for patients who had received their first and second doses, respectively. We observed axillary lymph node accumulation, supraclavicular lymph node accumulation, and deltoid muscle accumulation in 98 (SUVmax 1.07–25.1), nine (SUVmax 2.28–14.5), and 33 cases (SUVmax 0.93–7.42), respectively. In cases with axillary lymph node (<i>P</i> = 0.0057) or deltoid muscle (<i>P</i> = 0.047) accumulation, the shorter the time since vaccination, the higher the FDG accumulation. Patients with axillary lymph node accumulation were significantly younger (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) and had a significantly higher frequency of adverse reactions such as fever (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) and myalgia (<i>P</i> = 0.002). No significant relationship was observed between blood type and the frequency of FDG accumulation. Logistic regression analysis also showed that age, gender, days since vaccination, and adverse reactions such as fever and myalgia were important factors for axillary lymph node accumulation.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our study found that FDG accumulation in the axillary lymph nodes and deltoid muscle was higher within a shorter time after vaccination, and axillary lymph node accumulation was higher in young patients, females, and those with adverse reactions of fever and myalgia. No significant relationship was observed between blood type and the frequency of FDG accumulation. Confirming the vaccination status, time since vaccination, and the presence of adverse reactions before PET may reduce false positives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8007,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Nuclear Medicine","volume":"38 6","pages":"409 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140334472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}