Annals of Clinical Biochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Development and validation of interpretable machine learning models to predict glomerular filtration rate in chronic kidney disease Colombian patients.","authors":"Luis H Rojas, Angela J Pereira-Morales, William Amador, Albert Montenegro, Walberto Buelvas, Víctor de la Espriella","doi":"10.1177/00045632241285528","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00045632241285528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>ML predictive models have shown their capability to improve risk prediction and assist medical decision-making, nevertheless, there is a lack of accuracy systems to early identify future rapid CKD progressors in Colombia and even in South America.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop a series of interpretable machine learning models that predict GFR at 6-months, 9-months, and 12-months.</p><p><strong>Study design and setting: </strong>Over 29,000 CKD patients stage 1 to 3b (estimated GFR, <60 mL/min/1.73 m²) with an average of 3-year follow-up data were included. We used the machine learning extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) to build three models to predict the next eGFR. Models were internally and externally validated. In addition, we included SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values to offer interpretable global and local prediction models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All models showed a good performance in development and external validation. However, the 6-months XGBoost prediction model showed the best performance in internal (MAE average = 6.07; RSME = 78.87), and in external validation (MAE average = 6.45, RSME = 18.94). The top 3 most influential features that pushed the predicted eGFR value to lower values were the interpolated values for eGFR and creatinine, and eGFR at baseline.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the current study we have developed and validated machine learning models to predict the next eGFR value at different intervals. Furthermore, we attempted to approach the need for prediction explanation by offering transparent predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of plasma lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lyso-PE) by LC-MS/MS revealed a possible relation between obesity and lyso-PE in Japanese preadolescent children: The Hokkaido study.","authors":"Nao Inoue, Siddabasave Gowda B Gowda, Divyavani Gowda, Toshihiro Sakurai, Atsuko Ikeda-Araki, Yu Ait Bamai, Rahel Mesfin Ketema, Reiko Kishi, Hitoshi Chiba, Shu-Ping Hui","doi":"10.1177/00045632241280352","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00045632241280352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lysophosphatidylethanolamines (lyso-PEs) are the partial hydrolysis products of phosphatidylethanolamine. Although lyso-PEs are important biomarkers in various diseases, their determination is limited by the lack of simple and efficient quantification methods. This study aims to develop an improved quantitative method for the determination of lyso-PEs and its application to an epidemiological study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single reaction monitoring channels by collision-induced dissociation for seven lyso-PEs were established using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma lyso-PEs were extracted with a single-phase method using an isotopically labelled internal standard for quantification. The proposed method was adopted to define lyso-PEs in plasma samples of children aged 9-12 years living in Sapporo, Japan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The limit of detection and limit of quantification for each lyso-PE ranged between 0.001-0.015 and 0.002-0.031 pmol/<i>μ</i>L, respectively. Recoveries were found to be > 91% for all the species. The analysis results of children's plasma showed that the total lyso-PE concentrations in boys (<i>n</i> = 181) and girls (<i>n</i> = 161) were 11.53 and 11.00 pmol/<i>μ</i>L (median), respectively. Participants were further classified by the percentage of overweight and subgrouped as underweight (<i>n</i> = 12), normal range (<i>n</i> = 292), or overweight (<i>n</i> = 38). Interestingly, the reduction of lyso-PE 16:0 and increased lyso-PE 22:6 were observed in overweight children compared with normal range (Fold change: 0.909 and 1.174, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study successfully established a simple quantitative method to determine lyso-PE concentrations. Furthermore, our method revealed the possible relation between plasma lyso-PEs and overweight status.</p>","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"34-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application and interpretation of laboratory biomarkers for the evaluation of vitamin B12 status.","authors":"Dominic J Harrington, Emma Stevenson, Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora","doi":"10.1177/00045632241292432","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00045632241292432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin B₁₂ (cobalamin; B₁₂) is an essential micronutrient, but deficiency is common. The prompt diagnosis and treatment of B₁₂ deficiency protects against megaloblastic anaemia, neuropathy and neuropsychiatric changes. Biomarkers of B₁₂ status include the measurement of serum B₁₂ (also known as total B₁₂ or serum cobalamin), holotranscobalamin (holoTC or 'active B12'), methylmalonic acid (MMA) and total plasma homocysteine (Hcy). There is no 'gold standard' test for deficiency and the sensitivity and specificity of each biomarker for the evaluation of B₁₂ status is affected by analytical and biological factors that may confer a high degree of diagnostic uncertainty. Limited access to technical and clinical expertise can lead to an over-reliance on the serum B₁₂ test, which is readily available and highly automated. In some cases, the sequential use of different B₁₂ status biomarkers or the calculation of a composite B₁₂ status score, derived from a panel of B₁₂ biomarkers and adjusted for folate status and age, can be used to detect deficient states that may otherwise be overlooked when using a single biomarker approach. This review summarizes the utility of B₁₂-related biomarkers and describes approaches to their application and interpretation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"22-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Didem Sahin, Andrea Di Matteo, Paul Emery","doi":"10.1177/00045632241285843","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00045632241285843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune condition that primarily affects the joints and periarticular soft tissues. In the past two decades, the discovery of new biomarkers has contributed to advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis and natural history of RA. These biomarkers, including genetic, clinical, serological and imaging biomarkers, play a key role in the different stages and aspects of RA, from the so called 'pre-clinical RA', which is characterized by subclinical pathological events, such as autoimmunity and inflammation, to diagnosis (including differential diagnosis), treatment decision making and disease monitoring.This review will provide an overview on the current role of traditional and newer biomarkers in the main aspects of RA management, from the identification of individuals 'at-risk' of RA who are likely to progress to clinically evident disease, to 'early' diagnosis of RA, prognosis, precision medicine, and prediction of response to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"3-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11707974/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sample comparison of BÜHLMANN fCAL Turbo and OC-FCa faecal calprotectin methods.","authors":"Shane O'Driscoll, Carolyn Piggott, Sally C Benton","doi":"10.1177/00045632241273266","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00045632241273266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Faecal calprotectin is an inflammatory marker used to triage patients for further investigation with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our current method requires faecal samples be sent to the laboratory, where calprotectin is extracted before analysis. This is a time-consuming, potential bottleneck in the pathway. We have recently evaluated the OC-SENSOR PLEDIA fCAL method that uses the same sampling device as used in some bowel cancer screening and symptomatic colorectal cancer programmes that detect faecal haemoglobin. The below study is a comparison of the OC-FCa method with the BÜHLMANN fCAL Turbo which is used routinely within BSPS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>150 homogenised and 110 non-homogenised faecal samples were loaded into OC-Sampling Bottle 3 and BÜHLMANN CALEX cap sampling devices. The samples were then analysed on their respective systems according to manufacturer's instructions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The OC-FCa assay had a mean positive bias of 67.3% (homogenised) and 88.4% (non-homogenised). Homogenised samples showed substantial agreement between the methods for normal (<50 µg/g) and elevated (150+µg/g) risk categories (k = 0.794, k = 0.788, respectively) and moderate agreement for borderline (51-150 µg/g) (k = 0.25) according to the current Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Service (BSPS) guidelines. Non-homogenised samples had none to slight agreement for normal and borderline values (k = 0.02 for both) and moderate agreement for elevated (k = 0.596).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The OC-FCa method is a viable alternative for faecal calprotectin testing, but requires an adjustment to clinical cut-off values due to the lack of standardisation and strong positive bias. A clinical comparative study is required to assess the impact of patients collecting their own samples into the devices, as this may negate any potential degradation samples may exhibit during transit to the laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"67-70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141878244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of autoimmune hepatitis associated with the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab.","authors":"Amira Ibrahim, Geeta Prasad, Eric S Kilpatrick, Timothy J Morris","doi":"10.1177/00045632241269657","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00045632241269657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a case of a 61-year-old lady who presented to the lipid clinic with possible familial hypercholesterolaemia (Simon Broome Criteria). She was commenced on atorvastatin; however, 4 weeks later, she developed hepatitis, and therefore her atorvastatin was discontinued. Following that, her liver function tests normalized, and she was diagnosed with statin-induced hepatitis. Three years later, she was seen again in the lipid clinic with an uncontrolled lipid profile, and she was commenced on alirocumab, a Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor. A few days later, she developed hepatitis, and subsequently, the alirocumab was discontinued. She underwent a liver biopsy, which confirmed that she had Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) with presumed superimposed drug injury. This is the first reported case of autoimmune hepatitis associated with alirocumab.</p>","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"71-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of peripheral blood biomarkers for predicting the risk of immune related adverse events in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.","authors":"Louise Duvall","doi":"10.1177/00045632241312629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00045632241312629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised oncology care, by enhancing the body's T cell lymphocyte response against tumour cells. ICIs block the inhibitory signalling between tumour cells and the immune system, but consequently reduce immunological tolerance. Subsequently for some, this leads to immune-related adverse events (irAE), a spectrum term for autoimmune-like toxicities induced by ICIs that affects various tissues and organs. This limited narrative review will give a brief overview of immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune related adverse events for laboratory professionals and review the current evidence for predictive biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A limited narrative review was conducted by accessing Pubmed and Google from June 2023 to January 2024 to identify references published from database inception to January 2024. Language was restricted to English.</p><p><strong>Results/findings: </strong>Professional guidance does not recommend any biomarkers for irAE prediction. Some studies have found an association between the prediction of irAE and interleukin six (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), albumin, ferritin, full blood count metrics, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, these have often been single-centre retrospective studies. While an abundance of societal guidance has been produced, it is unclear what blood tests should be included within a baseline profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Presently, there is no singular biomarker routinely available in clinical laboratories that can predict the onset of irAE. A custom battery of tests may be more predictive, but evidence is currently lacking. In the meantime, due to the clinical significance of these complications, laboratory professionals should proactively support prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"45632241312629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of uric acid in FC Mix tubes is not accurate.","authors":"Janice Lv Reeve, Michael J O'Meara, Damian G Griffin","doi":"10.1177/00045632241308076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00045632241308076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"45632241308076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated tools for identifying the causes of anaemia in general practices are particularly advantageous for patients who do not fit the typical profile.","authors":"Bauke A de Boer, Tatum T van Laar, Firmin Candido, Karlijn J van Stralen, Anne Margreet de Jong","doi":"10.1177/00045632241268252","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00045632241268252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Dutch guideline algorithm for the analysis of anaemia in patients of general practitioners (GPs) was programmed in a Clinical Decision Support system (CDS-anaemia) to support the process of diagnosing the cause of anaemia in the laboratory. This research aims to assess the supplementary benefit provided by the automated algorithm in various demographic categories, including different sexes, age groups and severities of anaemia, in comparison to the manual diagnostic approach employed by GPs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study of 5399 primary care patients where the cause of anaemia was diagnosed by GPs with or without the aid of CDS-anaemia within the age groups 18-44, 45-64, 65-79 and 80 and older. Anaemia was defined according to the Dutch College of General Practitioners (DCGP) guideline. Causes of anaemia were based on the DCGP guidelines with the corresponding blood tests. By calculation of rate ratios and percentage differences of the determined cause of anaemia we evaluated the effect of the diagnostic algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusion: </strong>The percentage patients in which an underlying cause of anaemia was found increased 34 and 46 percentage points in females and males, respectively, when GPs were supported by CDS-anaemia compared to GPs who were not supported by CDS-anaemia. The highest increase in percentage points when CDS-anaemia was used, was found in younger- and middle-aged males and mild or moderate anaemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"480-483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of lithium variation coefficient on the risk of attack in patients with bipolar disorder: A pilot study.","authors":"Saniye Başak Oktay, Şeyma Sehlikoğlu, Sevler Yildiz, Behice Han Almiş, İsmail Gürkan Çikim","doi":"10.1177/00045632241262873","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00045632241262873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examines the association between the coefficient of variation (%CV) of lithium levels and episode risk and frequency in bipolar patients maintaining serum lithium levels within the therapeutic range.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed patients with bipolar disorder under care from 2018 to 2022. Inclusion criteria were at least 2 years of follow-up, a minimum of three annual lithium level measurements within the therapeutic range. Patients were categorized based on seizure status. We calculated mean lithium levels, standard deviation (SD), and %CV.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 75 patients (patients with-without episodes, 39-36). Demographic data revealed no significant differences. While mean lithium levels showed no significant disparity between groups, SD and %CV were notably higher in patients with episodes (<i>P</i> < .05). ROC analysis demonstrated AUC values of 0.722 (95% CI: 0.607-0.836 <i>P</i> = .001) for %CV and 0.709 (95% CI: 0.593-0.826; <i>P</i> = .002) for SD. The optimal %CV cutoff was 17.39, with 67% sensitivity and 69% specificity. A weak correlation was found between %CV and the number of episodes (<i>P</i> = .001, r = 0.376). The post-hoc power analysis for this study was 0.78.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite acceptable lithium levels, patients with recent episodes exhibited significant lithium level fluctuations. Integrating %CV with real-time lithium measurements during bipolar disorder follow-up may enhance clinical monitoring and seizure prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":8005,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Biochemistry","volume":" ","pages":"446-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}