{"title":"Vine Weevil, <i>Otiorhynchus sulcatus</i> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Management: Current State and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Tom W Pope, Joe M Roberts","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-071221-060822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-071221-060822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vine weevil, also known as black vine weevil, <i>Otiorhynchus sulcatus</i>, has been one of the most economically important pest species of global horticultural crops for the past five decades. This period has seen many changes in crop protection practices, including wide-scale adoption of biological controls such as entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi in place of conventional synthetic insecticides. Despite the experimental efficacy of these controls, growers continue to report significant crop losses associated with vine weevil infestation. We argue that simply switching from synthetic insecticides to biological controls, rather than using these controls as part of an integrated management program, is a key factor in the continued importance of this pest. An improved understanding of vine weevil biology and ecology is at the center of the development of truly integrated pest management programs. To this end, we identify opportunities created through recent vine weevil research and highlight key knowledge gaps in which further research may contribute to improved future management approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"221-238"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-09-30DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-070621-061328
Ralf Nauen, Chris Bass, René Feyereisen, John Vontas
{"title":"The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance.","authors":"Ralf Nauen, Chris Bass, René Feyereisen, John Vontas","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-070621-061328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-070621-061328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as natural and synthetic insecticides, that is the topic of this review. Recent advances in insect genomics and postgenomic functional approaches have provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the evolution of insect P450s and their role in insect toxicology. These approaches have also been harnessed to provide new insights into the genomic alterations that lead to insecticide resistance, the mechanisms by which P450s are regulated, and the functional determinants of P450-mediated insecticide resistance. In parallel, an emerging body of work on the role of P450s in defining the sensitivity of beneficial insects to insecticides has been developed. The knowledge gained from these studies has applications for the management of P450-mediated resistance in insect pests and can be leveraged to safeguard the health of important beneficial insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"105-124"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39474497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-060121-060505
Peng Han, Anne-Violette Lavoir, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Nicolas Desneux
{"title":"Bottom-Up Forces in Agroecosystems and Their Potential Impact on Arthropod Pest Management.","authors":"Peng Han, Anne-Violette Lavoir, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Nicolas Desneux","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-060121-060505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-060121-060505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bottom-up effects are major ecological forces in crop-arthropod pest-natural enemy multitrophic interactions. Over the past two decades, bottom-up effects have been considered key levers for optimizing integrated pest management (IPM). Irrigation, fertilization, crop resistance, habitat manipulation, organic management practices, and landscape characteristics have all been shown to trigger marked bottom-up effects and thus impact pest management. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of bottom-up effects in pest management and the associated mechanisms, and discuss several key study cases showing how bottom-up effects practically promote natural pest control. Bottom-up effects on IPM also contribute to sustainable intensification of agriculture in the context of agricultural transition and climate change. Finally, we highlight new research priorities in this important area. Together with top-down forces (biological control), future advances in understanding ecological mechanisms underlying key bottom-up forces could pave the way for developing novel pest management strategies and new optimized IPM programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"239-259"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39485001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-060921-072718
Erik H Poelman, Antonino Cusumano, Jetske G de Boer
{"title":"The Ecology of Hyperparasitoids.","authors":"Erik H Poelman, Antonino Cusumano, Jetske G de Boer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-060921-072718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-060921-072718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperparasitoids are some of the most diverse members of insect food webs. True hyperparasitoids parasitize the larvae of other parasitoids, reaching these larvae with their ovipositor through the herbivore that hosts the parasitoid larva. During pupation, primary parasitoids also may be attacked by pseudohyperparasitoids that lay their eggs on the parasitoid (pre)pupae. By attacking primary parasitoids, hyperparasitoids may affect herbivore population dynamics, and they have been identified as a major challenge in biological control. Over the past decades, research, especially on aphid- and caterpillar-associated hyperparasitoids, has revealed that hyperparasitoids challenge rules on nutrient use efficiency in trophic chains, account for herbivore outbreaks, or stabilize competitive interactions in lower trophic levels, and they may use cues derived from complex interaction networks to locate their hosts. This review focuses on the fascinating ecology of hyperparasitoids related to how they exploit and locate their often inconspicuous hosts and the insect community processes in which hyperparasitoids are prominent players.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"143-161"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39485002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sequestration of Plant Defense Compounds by Insects: From Mechanisms to Insect-Plant Coevolution.","authors":"Franziska Beran, Georg Petschenka","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-062821-062319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-062821-062319","url":null,"abstract":"Plant defense compounds play a key role in the evolution of insect-plant associations by selecting for behavioral, morphological, and physiological insect adaptations. Sequestration, the ability of herbivorous insects to accumulate plant defense compounds to gain a fitness advantage, represents a complex syndrome of adaptations that has evolved in all major lineages of herbivorous insects and involves various classes of plant defense compounds. In this article, we review progress in understanding how insects selectively accumulate plant defense metabolites and how the evolution of specific resistance mechanisms to these defense compounds enables sequestration. These mechanistic considerations are further integrated into the concept of insect-plant coevolution. Comparative genome and transcriptome analyses, combined with approaches based on analytical chemistry that are centered in phylogenetic frameworks, will help to reveal adaptations underlying the sequestration syndrome, which is essential to understanding the influence of sequestration on insect-plant coevolution.","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"163-180"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neuroecology of Alcohol Preference in <i>Drosophila</i>.","authors":"Ian W Keesey, Bill S Hansson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-070721-091828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-070721-091828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review, we highlight sources of alcohols in nature, as well as the behavioral and ecological roles that these fermentation cues play in the short lifespan of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. With a focus on neuroethology, we describe the olfactory detection of alcohol as well as ensuing neural signaling within the brain of the fly. We proceed to explain the plethora of behaviors related to alcohol, including attraction, feeding, and oviposition, as well as general effects on aggression and courtship. All of these behaviors are shaped by physiological state and social contexts. In a comparative perspective, we also discuss inter- and intraspecies differences related to alcohol tolerance and metabolism. Lastly, we provide corollaries with other dipteran and coleopteran insect species that also have olfactory systems attuned to ethanol detection and describe ecological and evolutionary directions for further studies of the natural history of alcohol and the fly.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"261-279"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-09-28DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-060721-085603
Yijuan Xu, Edward L Vargo, Kazuki Tsuji, Ross Wylie
{"title":"Exotic Ants of the Asia-Pacific: Invasion, National Response, and Ongoing Needs.","authors":"Yijuan Xu, Edward L Vargo, Kazuki Tsuji, Ross Wylie","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-060721-085603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-060721-085603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human activity has facilitated the introduction of many exotic species via global trade. Asia-Pacific countries comprise one of the most economically and trade-active regions in the world, which makes it an area that is highly vulnerable to invasive species, including ants. There are currently over 60 exotic ant species in the Asia-Pacific, with the red imported fire ant, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i>, among the most destructive. Exotic ants pose many economic and ecological problems for the region. Countries in the Asia-Pacific have dealt with the problem of exotic ants in very different ways, and there has been an overall lack of preparedness. To improve the management of risks associated with invasive ants, we recommend that countries take action across the biosecurity spectrum, spanning prevention, containment, and quarantine. The creation of an Asia-Pacific network for management of invasive ants should help prevent their introduction and mitigate their impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"27-42"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39467564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-061421-063433
Hassan Salem, Martin Kaltenpoth
{"title":"Beetle-Bacterial Symbioses: Endless Forms Most Functional.","authors":"Hassan Salem, Martin Kaltenpoth","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-061421-063433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-061421-063433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beetles are hosts to a remarkable diversity of bacterial symbionts. In this article, we review the role of these partnerships in promoting beetle fitness following a surge of recent studies characterizing symbiont localization and function across the Coleoptera. Symbiont contributions range from the supplementation of essential nutrients and digestive or detoxifying enzymes to the production of bioactive compounds providing defense against natural enemies. Insights on this functional diversity highlight how symbiosis can expand the host's ecological niche, but also constrain its evolutionary potential by promoting specialization. As bacterial localization can differ within and between beetle clades, we discuss how it corresponds to the microbe's beneficial role and outline the molecular and behavioral mechanisms underlying symbiont translocation and transmission by its holometabolous host. In reviewing this literature, we emphasize how the study of symbiosis can inform our understanding of the phenotypic innovations behind the evolutionary success of beetles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"201-219"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39483552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-062121-063338
Peter M Piermarini, Jerod S Denton, Daniel R Swale
{"title":"The Molecular Physiology and Toxicology of Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels in Insects.","authors":"Peter M Piermarini, Jerod S Denton, Daniel R Swale","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-062121-063338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-062121-063338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inward rectifier K<sup>+</sup> (Kir) channels have been studied extensively in mammals, where they play critical roles in health and disease. In insects, Kir channels have recently been found to be key regulators of diverse physiological processes in several tissues. The importance of Kir channels in insects has positioned them to serve as emerging targets for the development of insecticides with novel modes of action. In this article, we provide the first comprehensive review of insect Kir channels, highlighting the rapid progress made in understanding their molecular biology, physiological roles, pharmacology, and toxicology. In addition, we highlight key gaps in our knowledge and suggest directions for future research to advance our understanding of Kir channels and their roles in insect physiology. Further knowledge of their functional roles will also facilitate their exploitation as targets for controlling arthropod pests and vectors of economic, medical, and/or veterinary relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"125-142"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39483553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}