Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-04DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-062321-065511
Lorenzo Marini, Matthew P Ayres, Hervé Jactel
{"title":"Impact of Stand and Landscape Management on Forest Pest Damage.","authors":"Lorenzo Marini, Matthew P Ayres, Hervé Jactel","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-062321-065511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-062321-065511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One promising approach to mitigate the negative impacts of insect pests in forests is to adapt forestry practices to create ecosystems that are more resistant and resilient to biotic disturbances. At the stand scale, local stand management practices often cause idiosyncratic effects on forest pests depending on the environmental context and the focal pest species. However, increasing tree diversity appears to be a general strategy for reducing pest damage across several forest types. At the landscape scale, increasing forest heterogeneity (e.g., intermixing different forest types and/or age classes) represents a promising frontier for improving forest resistance and resilience and for avoiding large-scale outbreaks. In addition to their greater resilience, heterogeneous forest landscapes frequently support a wide range of ecosystem functions and services. A challenge will be to develop cooperation and coordination among multiple actors at spatial scales that transcend historical practices in forest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"181-199"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39483554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-080921-075157
James F Campbell, Christos G Athanassiou, David W Hagstrum, Kun Yan Zhu
{"title":"<i>Tribolium castaneum</i>: A Model Insect for Fundamental and Applied Research.","authors":"James F Campbell, Christos G Athanassiou, David W Hagstrum, Kun Yan Zhu","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-080921-075157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-080921-075157","url":null,"abstract":"Tribolium castaneum has a long history as a model species in many distinct subject areas, but improved connections among the genetics, genomics, behavioral, ecological, and pest management fields are needed to fully realize this species' potential as a model. Tribolium castaneum was the first beetle whose genome was sequenced, and a new genome assembly and enhanced annotation, combined with readily available genomic research tools, have facilitated its increased use in a wide range of functional genomics research. Research into T. castaneum's sensory systems, response to pheromones and kairomones, and patterns of movement and landscape utilization has improved our understanding of behavioral and ecological processes. Tribolium castaneum has also been a model in the development of pest monitoring and management tactics, including evaluation of insecticide resistance mechanisms. Application of functional genomics approaches to behavioral, ecological, and pest management research is in its infancy but offers a powerful tool that can link mechanism with function and facilitate exploitation of these relationships to better manage this important food pest. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Entomology, Volume 67 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"347-365"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39490843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-22DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-072821-063525
Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson Fox, Rachelle M M Adams
{"title":"On the Biological Diversity of Ant Alkaloids.","authors":"Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson Fox, Rachelle M M Adams","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-072821-063525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-072821-063525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ants have outstanding capacity to mediate inter- and intraspecific interactions by producing structurally diverse metabolites from numerous secretory glands. Since Murray Blum's pioneering studies dating from the 1950s, there has been a growing interest in arthropod toxins as natural products. Over a dozen different alkaloid classes have been reported from approximately 40 ant genera in five subfamilies, with peak diversity within the Myrmicinae tribe Solenopsidini. Most ant alkaloids function as venom, but some derive from other glands with alternative functions. They are used in defense (e.g., alarm, repellants) or offense (e.g., toxins) but also serve as antimicrobials and pheromones. We provide an overview of ant alkaloid diversity and function with an evolutionary perspective. We conclude that more directed integrative research is needed. We suggest that comparative phylogenetics will illuminate compound diversification, while molecular approaches will elucidate genetic origins. Biological context, informed by natural history, remains critical not only for research about focal species, but also to guide applied research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"367-385"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39542219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel E L Promislow, Thomas Flatt, Russell Bonduriansky
{"title":"The Biology of Aging in Insects: From <i>Drosophila</i> to Other Insects and Back.","authors":"Daniel E L Promislow, Thomas Flatt, Russell Bonduriansky","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-061621-064341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-061621-064341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An enormous amount of work has been done on aging in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, a classical genetic and molecular model system, but also in numerous other insects. However, these two extensive bodies of work remain poorly integrated to date. Studies in <i>Drosophila</i> often explore genetic, developmental, physiological, and nutrition-related aspects of aging in the lab, while studies in other insects often explore ecological, social, and somatic aspects of aging in both lab and natural populations. Alongside exciting genomic and molecular research advances in aging in <i>Drosophila</i>, many new studies have also been published on aging in various other insects, including studies on aging in natural populations of diverse species. However, no broad synthesis of these largely separate bodies of work has been attempted. In this review, we endeavor to synthesize these two semi-independent literatures to facilitate collaboration and foster the exchange of ideas and research tools. While lab studies of <i>Drosophila</i> have illuminated many fundamental aspects of senescence, the stunning diversity of aging patterns among insects, especially in the context of their rich ecology, remains vastlyunderstudied. Coupled with field studies and novel, more easily applicable molecular methods, this represents a major opportunity for deepening our understanding of the biology of aging in insects and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":"67 ","pages":"83-103"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8940561/pdf/nihms-1786195.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10860593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-075258
Mary M Gardiner, Helen E Roy
{"title":"The Role of Community Science in Entomology.","authors":"Mary M Gardiner, Helen E Roy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-075258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-075258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Community (or citizen) science, the involvement of volunteers in scientific endeavors, has a long history. Over the past few centuries, the contributions of volunteers to our understanding of patterns and processes in entomology have been inspiring. From the collation of large-scale and long-term data sets, which have been instrumental in underpinning our knowledge of the status and trends of many insect groups, to action, including species management, whether for conservation or control, community scientists have played pivotal roles. Contributions, such as pest monitoring by farmers and species discoveries by amateur naturalists, set foundations for the research engaging entomologists today. The next decades will undoubtedly bring new approaches, tools, and technologies to underpin community science. The potential to increase inclusion within community science is providing exciting opportunities within entomology. An increase in the diversity of community scientists, alongside an increasing taxonomic and geographic breadth of initiatives, will bring enormous benefits globally for people and nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"437-456"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39513677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Defense in Social Insects: Diversity, Division of Labor, and Evolution.","authors":"Patrick Abbot","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-082521-072638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-082521-072638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All social insects defend their colony from predators, parasites, and pathogens. In Oster and Wilson's classic work, they posed one of the key paradoxes about defense in social insects: Given the universal necessity of defense, why then is there so much diversity in mechanisms? Ecological factors undoubtedly are important: Predation and usurpation have imposed strong selection on eusocial insects, and active defense by colonies is a ubiquitous feature of all social insects. The description of diverse insect groups with castes of sterile workers whose main duty is defense has broadened the purview of social evolution in insects, in particular with respect to caste and behavior. Defense is one of the central axes along which we can begin to organize and understand sociality in insects. With the establishment of social insect models such as the honey bee, new discoveries are emerging regarding the endocrine, neural, and gene regulatory mechanisms underlying defense in social insects. The mechanisms underlying morphological and behavioral defense traits may be shared across diverse groups, providing opportunities for identifying both conserved and novel mechanisms at work. Emerging themes highlight the context dependency of and interaction between factors that regulate defense in social insects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"407-436"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-09-29DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-033121-102332
Chow-Yang Lee, Chin-Cheng Scotty Yang
{"title":"Biology, Ecology, and Management of the Invasive Longlegged Ant, <i>Anoplolepis gracilipes</i>.","authors":"Chow-Yang Lee, Chin-Cheng Scotty Yang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-033121-102332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-033121-102332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The longlegged ant (<i>Anoplolepis gracilipes</i>) is one of the most damaging invasive tramp ants globally. It is generally found between latitudes 27°N and 27°S in Asia, although it has been introduced to other continents. Its native range remains debatable, but it is believed to be in Southeast Asia. <i>Anoplolepis gracilipes</i> invasion has many serious ecological consequences, especially for native invertebrate, vertebrate, and plant communities, altering ecosystem dynamics and functions. We examine and synthesize the literature about this species' origin and distribution, impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems, biology and ecology, chemical control, and potential biocontrol agents. We highlight emerging research needs on the origin and invasion history of this species, its reproductive mode, its relationship with myrmecophiles, and its host-microbial interactions, and we discuss future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"43-63"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39471580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T K Walsh, D G Heckel, Yidong Wu, S Downes, K H J Gordon, J G Oakeshott
{"title":"Determinants of Insecticide Resistance Evolution: Comparative Analysis Among Heliothines.","authors":"T K Walsh, D G Heckel, Yidong Wu, S Downes, K H J Gordon, J G Oakeshott","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-080421-071655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-080421-071655","url":null,"abstract":"It is increasingly clear that pest species vary widely in their propensities to develop insecticide resistance. This review uses a comparative approach to analyze the key pest management practices and ecological and biochemical or genetic characteristics of the target that contribute to this variation. We focus on six heliothine species, three of which, Helicoverpa armigera, Heliothis virescens, and Helicoverpa zea, have developed resistances to many pesticide classes. The three others, Helicoverpa punctigera, Helicoverpa assulta, and Helicoverpa gelotopoeon, also significant pests, have developed resistance to very few pesticide classes. We find that host range and movement between alternate hosts are key ecological traits that influence effective selection intensities for resistance. Operational issues are also critical; area-wide, cross-pesticide management practices that account for these ecological factors are key to reducing selection intensity. Without such management, treatment using broad-spectrum chemicals serves to multiply the effects of host plant preference, preadaptive detoxification ability, and high genetic diversity to create a pesticide treadmill for the three high-propensity species.Without rigorous ongoing management, such a treadmill could still develop for newer, more selective chemistries and insecticidal transgenic crops.","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"387-406"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Ecological Significance of Aphid Cornicles and Their Secretions.","authors":"J P Michaud","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-033021-094437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-033021-094437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphid cornicles are abdominal appendages that secrete an array of volatile and nonvolatile compounds with diverse ecological functions. The emission of alarm pheromones yields altruistic benefits for clone-mates in the aphid colony, which is essentially a superorganism with a collective fate. Secreted droplets also contain unsaturated triglycerides, fast-drying adhesives that can be lethal when smeared on natural enemies but more often impede their foraging efficiency. The longest cornicles have evolved in aphids that feed in exposed locations and are likely used to scent-mark colony intruders. Reduced cornicles are associated with reliance on alternative defenses, such as the secretion of protective waxes or myrmecophily. Root-feeding and gall-forming lifestyles provide protected feeding sites and are associated with an absence of cornicles. In some eusocial gall-formers, soldier morphs become repositories of cornicle secretion used to defend the gall, either as menopausal apterae that defend dispersing alatae or as sterile first instars that dispatch predators with their stylets and use cornicle secretions as a construction material for gall repair. Collectively, the evidence is consistent with an adaptive radiation of derived cornicle functions molded by the ecological lifestyle of the aphid lineage.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"65-81"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39670868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2021-01-07Epub Date: 2020-10-09DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043154
Bruce A Hay, Georg Oberhofer, Ming Guo
{"title":"Engineering the Composition and Fate of Wild Populations with Gene Drive.","authors":"Bruce A Hay, Georg Oberhofer, Ming Guo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insects play important roles as predators, prey, pollinators, recyclers, hosts, parasitoids, and sources of economically important products. They can also destroy crops; wound animals; and serve as vectors for plant, animal, and human diseases. Gene drive-a process by which genes, gene complexes, or chromosomes encoding specific traits are made to spread through wild populations, even if these traits result in a fitness cost to carriers-provides new opportunities for altering populations to benefit humanity and the environment in ways that are species specific and sustainable. Gene drive can be used to alter the genetic composition of an existing population, referred to as population modification or replacement, or to bring about population suppression or elimination. We describe technologies under consideration, progress that has been made, and remaining technological hurdles, particularly with respect to evolutionary stability and our ability to control the spread and ultimate fate of genes introduced into populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":"66 ","pages":"407-434"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38473884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}