Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2023-01-23Epub Date: 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-040622-092836
Maureen J Gorman
{"title":"Iron Homeostasis in Insects.","authors":"Maureen J Gorman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-040622-092836","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-ento-040622-092836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron is an essential micronutrient for all types of organisms; however, iron has chemical properties that can be harmful to cells. Because iron is both necessary and potentially damaging, insects have homeostatic processes that control the redox state, quantity, and location of iron in the body. These processes include uptake of iron from the diet, intracellular and extracellular iron transport, and iron storage. Early studies of iron-binding proteins in insects suggested that insects and mammals have surprisingly different mechanisms of iron homeostasis, including different primary mechanisms for exporting iron from cells and for transporting iron from one cell to another, and subsequent studies have continued to support this view. This review summarizes current knowledge about iron homeostasis in insects, compares insect and mammalian iron homeostasis mechanisms, and calls attention to key remaining knowledge gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":"68 ","pages":"51-67"},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10829936/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10615367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early Monitoring of Forest Wood-Boring Pests with Remote Sensing.","authors":"Youqing Luo, Huaguo Huang, Alain Roques","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-125410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-125410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wood-boring pests (WBPs) pose an enormous threat to global forest ecosystems because their early stage infestations show no visible symptoms and can result in rapid and widespread infestations at later stages, leading to large-scale tree death. Therefore, early-stage WBP detection is crucial for prompt management response. Early detection of WBPs requires advanced and effective methods like remote sensing. This review summarizes the applications of various remote sensing sensors, platforms, and detection methods for monitoring WBP infestations. The current capabilities, gaps in capabilities, and future potential for the accurate and rapid detection of WBPs are highlighted.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":"68 ","pages":"277-298"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10615379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helen F Nahrung, Andrew M Liebhold, Eckehard G Brockerhoff, Davide Rassati
{"title":"Forest Insect Biosecurity: Processes, Patterns, Predictions, Pitfalls.","authors":"Helen F Nahrung, Andrew M Liebhold, Eckehard G Brockerhoff, Davide Rassati","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-010854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-010854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The economic and environmental threats posed by non-native forest insects are ever increasing with the continuing globalization of trade and travel; thus, the need for mitigation through effective biosecurity is greater than ever. However, despite decades of research and implementation of preborder, border, and postborder preventative measures, insect invasions continue to occur, with no evidence of saturation, and are even predicted to accelerate. In this article, we review biosecurity measures used to mitigate the arrival, establishment, spread, and impacts of non-native forest insects and possible impediments to the successful implementation of these measures. Biosecurity successes are likely under-recognized because they are difficult to detect and quantify, whereas failures are more evident in the continued establishment of additional non-native species. There are limitations in existing biosecurity systems at global and country scales (for example, inspecting all imports is impossible, no phytosanitary measures are perfect, knownunknowns cannot be regulated against, and noncompliance is an ongoing problem). Biosecurity should be a shared responsibility across countries, governments, stakeholders, and individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":"68 ","pages":"211-229"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10615380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Arthropod and Pathogen Damage on Fossil and Modern Plants: Exploring the Origins and Evolution of Herbivory on Land.","authors":"Conrad C Labandeira, Torsten Wappler","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-102849","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-102849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of the functional feeding group-damage type system for analyzing arthropod and pathogen interactions with plants has transformed our understanding of herbivory in fossil plant assemblages by providing data, analyses, and interpretation of the local, regional, and global patterns of a 420-Myr history. The early fossil record can be used to answer major questions about the oldest evidence for herbivory, the early emergence of herbivore associations on land plants, and later expansion on seed plants. The subsequent effects of the Permian-Triassic ecological crisis on herbivore diversity, the resulting formation of biologically diverse herbivore communities on gymnosperms, and major shifts in herbivory ensuing from initial angiosperm diversification are additional issues that need to be addressed. Studies ofherbivory resulting from more recent transient spikes and longer-term climate trends provide important data that are applied to current global change and include herbivore community responses to latitude, altitude, and habitat. Ongoing paleoecological themes remaining to be addressed include the antiquity of modern interactions, differential herbivory between ferns and angiosperms, and origins of modern tropical forests. The expansion of databases that include a multitude of specimens; improvements in sampling strategies; development of new analytical methods; and, importantly, the ability to address conceptually stimulating ecological and evolutionary questions have provided new impetus in this rapidly advancing field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":"68 ","pages":"341-361"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10619110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-072621-062042
Christoph Vorburger
{"title":"Defensive Symbionts and the Evolution of Parasitoid Host Specialization.","authors":"Christoph Vorburger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-072621-062042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-072621-062042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect host-parasitoid interactions abound in nature and are characterized by a high degree of host specialization. In addition to their behavioral and immune defenses, many host species rely on heritable bacterial endosymbionts for defense against parasitoids. Studies on aphids and flies show that resistance conferred by symbionts can be very strong and highly specific, possibly as a result of variation in symbiont-produced toxins. I argue that defensive symbionts are therefore an important source of diversifying selection, promoting the evolution of host specialization by parasitoids. This is likely to affect the structure of host-parasitoid food webs. I consider potential changes in terms of food web complexity, although the nature of these effects will also be influenced by whether maternally transmitted symbionts have some capacity for lateral transfer. This is discussed in the light of available evidence for horizontal transmission routes. Finally, I propose that defensive mutualisms other than microbial endosymbionts may also exert diversifying selection on insect parasitoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"329-346"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39490844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pest Biological Control: Goals Throughout My Life.","authors":"Liying Li","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-093020-104053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-093020-104053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This autobiography documents the life and accomplishments of Li Liying. Born into a poor family in China, she eventually became director of Guangdong Entomological Institute. After graduating middle school (1949), she was admitted to the Agronomy Faculty at Beijing Agricultural University but was shortly after redirected by the Chinese Government to Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia. The last year of her study at Timiryazev Agricultural Academy was a pivotal experience. She had the opportunity to conduct fieldwork on cotton pest control and became aware of the harmful practice of aerially spraying highly toxic organophosphates with workers present. She decided to dedicate herself to finding safer alternatives and became a leader in the development of mass-rearing techniques for insects beneficial to agriculture. She traveled to laboratories in several foreign countries to foster collaboration and exchange of ideas among colleagues. She is recognized for her service to entomological societies, teaching at universities, and love of entomology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-09-28DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-033121-100228
Thomas D Seeley
{"title":"Remembrances of a Honey Bee Biologist.","authors":"Thomas D Seeley","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-033121-100228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-033121-100228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thomas Seeley's research has focused on analyzing the collective intelligence and natural lives of honey bees. This account describes how the author encountered honey bees as a boy and became a beekeeper; how he switched his career path from medicine to biology to study the behavior and social life of honey bees; and how he focuses on understanding how a honey bee colony functions when it lives in the wild, rather than in a beekeeper's hive. He has shown how a honey bee colony works as a single decision-making unit to adaptively allocate its foragers among flower patches and to choose its nesting site in a hollow tree. These findings buttress the view that, in some social insect species, the colony is a group-level vehicle of gene survival. Beyond his research, he has written three books to synthesize these findings for biologists and share these discoveries with beekeepers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39467565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-05DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020821-060803
Barrett Anthony Klein
{"title":"Wax, Wings, and Swarms: Insects and Their Products as Art Media.","authors":"Barrett Anthony Klein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-020821-060803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-020821-060803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Every facet of human culture is in some way affected by our abundant, diverse insect neighbors. Our relationship with insects has been on display throughout the history of art, sometimes explicitly but frequently in inconspicuous ways. This is because artists can depict insects overtly, but they can also allude to insects conceptually or use insect products in a purely utilitarian manner. Insects themselves can serve as art media, and artists have explored or exploited insects for their products (silk, wax, honey, propolis, carmine, shellac, nest material), body parts (e.g., wings), and whole bodies (dead, alive, individually, or as collectives). This review surveys insects and their products used as media in the visual arts and considers the untapped potential for artistic exploration of media derived from insects. The history, value, and ethics of insect media art are relevant topics at a time when the natural world is at unprecedented risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"281-303"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39488481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-06DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-071421-073524
Paul J Ode, Dhaval K Vyas, Jeffrey A Harvey
{"title":"Extrinsic Inter- and Intraspecific Competition in Parasitoid Wasps.","authors":"Paul J Ode, Dhaval K Vyas, Jeffrey A Harvey","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-071421-073524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-071421-073524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diverse ecology of parasitoids is shaped by extrinsic competition, i.e., exploitative or interference competition among adult females and males for hosts and mates. Adult females use an array of morphological, chemical, and behavioral mechanisms to engage in competition that may be either intra- or interspecific. Weaker competitors are often excluded or, if they persist, use alternate host habitats, host developmental stages, or host species. Competition among adult males for mates is almost exclusively intraspecific and involves visual displays, chemical signals, and even physical combat. Extrinsic competition influences community structure through its role in competitive displacement and apparent competition. Finally, anthropogenic changes such as habitat loss and fragmentation, invasive species, pollutants, and climate change result in phenological mismatches and range expansions within host-parasitoid communities with consequent changes to the strength of competitive interactions. Such changes have important ramifications not only for the success of managed agroecosystems, but also for natural ecosystem functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"305-328"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39490845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annual review of entomologyPub Date : 2022-01-07Epub Date: 2021-10-08DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108
Chris Simon, John R Cooley, Richard Karban, Teiji Sota
{"title":"Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of 13- and 17-Year Periodical Cicadas.","authors":"Chris Simon, John R Cooley, Richard Karban, Teiji Sota","doi":"10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apart from model organisms, 13- and 17-year periodical cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: <i>Magicicada</i>) are among the most studied insects in evolution and ecology. They are attractive subjects because they predictably emerge in large numbers; have a complex biogeography shaped by both spatial and temporal isolation; and include three largely sympatric, parallel species groups that are, in a sense, evolutionary replicates. <i>Magicicada</i> are also relatively easy to capture and manipulate, and their spectacular, synchronized mass emergences facilitate outreach and citizen science opportunities. Since the last major review, studies of <i>Magicicada</i> have revealed insights into reproductive character displacement and the nature of species boundaries, provided additional examples of allochronic speciation, found evidence for repeated and parallel (but noncontemporaneous) evolution of 13- and 17-year life cycles, quantified the amount and direction of gene flow through time, revealed phylogeographic patterning resulting from paleoclimate change, examined the timing of juvenile development, and created hypotheses for the evolution of life-cycle control and the future effects of climate changeon <i>Magicicada</i> life cycles. New ecological studies have supported and questioned the role of prime numbers in <i>Magicicada</i> ecology and evolution, found bidirectional shifts in population size over generations, quantified the contribution of <i>Magicicada</i> to nutrient flow in forest ecosystems, and examined behavioral and biochemical interactions between <i>Magicicada</i> and their fungal parasites and bacterial endosymbionts.</p>","PeriodicalId":8001,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of entomology","volume":" ","pages":"457-482"},"PeriodicalIF":23.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39497597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}