ACS Applied Polymer Materials最新文献

{"title":"Experimental and Modeling Assessment on the Rheological Behavior of Collagen Solutions Modified by Dibenzaldehyde-Terminated Polyethylene Glycol with Different Molecular Weights","authors":"Fengxian Ju,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lingyu Hua,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ruoxin Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tianduo Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jing Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Honghong Bu,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Huan Yang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02312","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A high-density rigid covalent network constructed by chemical cross-linking enhances the structural stability of collagen-based biomaterials, but inherent fragility persists due to insufficient energy dissipation. Inspired by the pangolins’ protective barrier, a dibenzaldehyde-terminated polyethylene glycol (DT-PEG) flexible cross-linker was designed in this study. The “rigid-flexible” structure, formed by flexible PEG chains and rigid covalent bonds, enabled the simultaneous optimization of structural stability and energy dissipation capabilities within the network. This dual enhancement approach can profoundly optimize the physicochemical characteristics of collagen-based biomaterials, a phenomenon fundamentally governed by the aggregation behavior of collagen molecules. Such structural evolution of collagen aggregates in solution was quantitatively captured through rheological analysis, allowing real-time monitoring of viscoelastic transitions. Steady shear measurements revealed shear-thinning behavior across all collagen solutions. As the molecular weight of DT-PEG increased, the shear viscosity of the collagen solution at 0.1 s^–1 increased from 6.59 to 12.1 Pa·s. This molecular weight-dependent rheological evolution was attributed to synergistic covalent-physical interactions causing collagen aggregates to form denser networks. Synchronous increases in elastic modulus, viscous modulus, thixotropy, and creep-recovery rate provided further evidence. Both dynamic and static denaturation temperatures increased with DT-PEG molecular weight, suggesting that covalent and hydrogen bonding strengthens the stability of the triple-helical structure of the collagen molecules. Finally, all experimental data were fitted using appropriate mathematical models. The coordinated molecular-scale interactions establish quantitative structure–property relationships that can guide the design of collagen-based biomaterials with tailored viscoelastic profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13063–13075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Organogel for Anticounterfeiting via Synergistic Optoelectronic Dual-Signal Encoding","authors":"Jia Jiang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qiuyan Luo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Siyu Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Weixiang Xu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Rong Jia,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Rentong Qin,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hanzhong Ren,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yiting Xu*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Birong Zeng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Conghui Yuan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xinyu Liu,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Lizong Dai*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02677","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rapid IT advances render traditional single-signal encryption inadequate for complex anticounterfeiting demands. In this work, we developed a CMCNa-based organic gel (CMCNa₁/(EuW₁₀)_0.07/LiCl_0.1) with synergistic optoelectronic signals, using EuW₁₀ as the fluorescence source and CMCNa as the matrix, synthesized via one-pot thermal polymerization at 55 °C for 4 h and low-temperature treatment at 4 °C for 1 h. The organic gel demonstrates outstanding mechanical properties (tensile strength of 0.78 MPa and fracture elongation of 1282%), excellent fluorescence tunability, high transparency (&gt;80%), ionic conductivity (2.3 mS cm^–1), and significant strain sensitivity (GF = 5.86). HCl/FeCl₃-modulated fluorescence enables UV-specific encrypted information that can be erased with KOH/EDTA for recyclable rewriting. Integrating fluorescence, strain sensing, and Morse code enhances security via dual optoelectronic signals, advancing high-performance anticounterfeiting and digital security.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13199–13209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior Toughness–Strength Epoxy via Biocomposite Curing for Deep-Sea Equipment Using Multifunctional Syntactic Foams","authors":"Xingcan Lu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shuaijie Li*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Ze Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chaojun Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Zilin Geng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Wang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yu Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02794","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A modified epoxy resin with improved toughness, good mechanical properties, and enhanced damping performance was developed as a potential matrix for syntactic foams in marine engineering. Polyurethane prepolymer (PUP) was grafted onto the main chain of epoxy resin to synthesize polyurethane-modified epoxy resin (UE44). Tung oil anhydride (TOA) was synthesized and mixed with methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) to form the composite curing agent (TMA). DMP-30 was used as the accelerator in the UE44/TMA system, and its performance was systematically studied. PUP and TOA enhanced the toughness of the epoxy resin, while the use of MeHHPA maintained its high strength. At 30% PUP content and a TOA:MeHHPA mass ratio of 1:1, the system exhibited a tensile toughness of 11.8 MJ/m³, tensile strength of 21.7 MPa, and compressive strength of 181.4 MPa. According to the test results, the damping performance and thermal stability of the UE44/TMA were improved. Hollow glass microspheres (HGM) were added to the resin formulation with the optimal performance to prepare a syntactic foam (PTESF) with a density of 0.59 g/cm³, which exhibits strength, toughness, damping, and thermal insulation properties. Compared with the unmodified epoxy syntactic foam (ESF), its uniaxial compressive strength increased by 56.7%, and damping temperature range (tanδ &gt; 0.3) expanded by 45.5%. The suitability of PTESF for deep-sea environments up to 2,500 m has been demonstrated via the hydrostatic pressure test.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13296–13309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Processing Conditions on the Crystallization of an Alternated Tere/Iso PEKK Copolymer","authors":"Alexis Cherri,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Marylou Ferron,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;François Bargain,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Benoit Brulé,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Sylvie Tencé-Girault,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Ilias Iliopoulos*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02910","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The crystallization behavior of a poly(ether ketone ketone) copolymer constituted of alternated terephthaloyl (T) and isophthaloyl (I) units (PEKK 50/50) is studied as a function of temperature by simultaneous wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS). Three samples, having different thermal or processing histories, are compared, and the evolution of their crystalline morphology, crystallinity, and crystal form is established in detail over a wide temperature window, from ∼30 °C up to the full melting at 345 °C, which is compared to the thermal behavior observed by differential scanning calorimetry. Whatever the initial state of this copolymer, amorphous, crystalline form I or form II, it finishes in form I above ∼280 °C. We show that the previously reported form III is a defective form I (named here form I′). We also show, for the first time, the existence of a defective form II (named form II′). Form II′ transforms first to form I′ and finally to form I above ∼305 °C. The thermal expansion of the crystal cell of the defective form I′ is clearly higher than the one of the most perfect form I. This is very similar to the behavior of defective phases of other semicrystalline polymers such as polyamide 11 and some fluorinated copolymers, for instance. Moreover, the full analysis of the WAXS spectra gave very valuable information about the amorphous fractions of the polymer chains, their relative density, and their evolution as a function of temperature. It turns out that the sample issued directly from the synthesis process exhibits the most dense and constrained amorphous phase coexisting with crystals of form II′. Finally, it is worth noting that whatever the thermal or processing history of this PEKK, its thermal behavior above ∼280 °C becomes independent of thermal history and therefore is always predictable, which is an advantage in industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13361–13373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophilic Effect of Polysulfide Cations Induces the Formation of Li+-Transport-Enhanced Polymer Electrolyte","authors":"Hongxu Zhou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaoning Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yiyang Zhao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jingang Zheng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hao Huang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Weichen Han,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Han Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lixiang Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Baigang An,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Chengguo Sun*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02505","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Slow ion transport kinetics hinder the development of solid polymer electrolytes in lithium metal batteries. Herein, we adopt the electron-deficient Li₃S₆⁺ as an electrophilic initiator to induce the ring-opening copolymerization of 1,3-dioxolane and ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether in a precursor solution. The Li₃S₆⁺ in prepared polymer electrolyte (FITSE) improves both ionic conductivity and Li⁺ transference number while generating a gradient sulfur-containing SEI layer to promote uniform lithium deposition. The Li||FITSE||LFP cell delivers a high initial capacity of 138.8 mAh g^–1 with a capacity retention of 94.6% over 250 cycles at 1 C and maintains a capacity of 60.96 mAh g^–1 over 130 cycles even at −10 °C.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"12145–12150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Healing, Recyclable, and Degradable Biobased Epoxy Vitrimers with Dual-Dynamic Imine and Disulfide Bonds","authors":"Yongzhen Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wen Shao*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lijun Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaoyao Sang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Junfeng Zhou*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Jiajia Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02716","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biobased epoxy vitrimers have been proven to be ideal substitutes for achieving reprocessable and recyclable epoxy resins with environmental sustainability. However, constructing a fully biobased epoxy vitrimer with good reprocessability and degradability under mild conditions remains a challenge. In this work, a fully biobased epoxy monomer (FCE) containing dual-dynamic covalent imine and disulfide bonds was easily synthesized from biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and cystamine (CA) through epoxidation and aldehyde-amine condensation. FCE was then further cured with different amines, including CA, isophorondiamine (IPDA), diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA), and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (TAEA). All of these as-prepared epoxy resins showed high thermal resistance and good mechanical stability. The 5% weight loss temperature for these epoxy resins was around 285–309 °C, with a storage modulus of 2.03–2.86 GPa under room temperature. In particular, the fully biobased epoxy vitrimer (FCE-CA) cured with CA exhibited rapid self-healing and excellent reprocessing ability due to its higher content of dynamic bonds. And the reprocessed epoxy matrix exhibited mechanical strength similar to that of the original one. Furthermore, due to the introduction of imine and disulfide bonds, the epoxy vitrimer could be easily degraded when treated with acid or dithiothreitol. This work offers a facile and green strategy for fabricating recyclable and degradable biobased epoxy vitrimers with excellent integrated properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13236–13246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Cross-Linked Biobased Degradable Poly(lactic acid) Elastomers with High Toughness and Thermal Stability","authors":"Yuzhu Zhai,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wenxi Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yongxin Zhao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuying Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Huang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shan Chi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xueqin Wang*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yijun Jiang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02662","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based elastomers (PLAEs) have gained significant attention as sustainable materials due to their biomass-derived origin and biodegradability. However, their inherent brittleness and low thermal stability severely limit practical applications. Inspired by the hierarchical architecture of spider silk, the dual-cross-linking strategy was adopted to simultaneously enhance the toughness and thermal stability while preserving biodegradability by introducing tannic acid (TA) and isophthalic dihydrazide (IPDH) into PLAEs. TA promoted a high cross-linking density of molecular chains to enhance the thermal stability, while IPDH induced the formation of high-density hydrogen bonds to serve as energy-dissipating phases to achieve remarkable toughness. The PLAEs prepared with dual chain extenders (PLAE-TI) exhibit a high glass transition temperature of −6.1 °C, which is approximately 15 °C higher than that of the PLAE without chain extenders (PLAE-0). Furthermore, PLAE-TI demonstrates significantly enhanced mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 45.4 MPa and toughness of 71.5 MJ/m³, corresponding to 5.6-fold and 2.0-fold improvements over PLAE-0, respectively. This bioinspired hierarchical architecture not only resolves the long-standing trade-off but also endows multifunctionality, including antibacterial activity, UV shielding, and controlled degradability, offering the potential for low-waste and environmentally friendly preparation in scalable applications of biomedical devices and flexible electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13188–13198"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Cross-Linking and Ionization via One-Step Friedel–Crafts Alkylation for the Construction of Ionic Porous Organic Polymers toward Enhanced H2O2 Photosynthesis","authors":"Daming Gao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Deli Kong,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Peng Wang*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Luo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wenxiu Guo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shiyuan Zhou*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Peiyang Gu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c03241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c03241","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Low surface area and poor hydrophilicity are major limitations that hinder further enhancement of H₂O₂ photosynthesis in aromatic polymer photocatalysts. A promising strategy involves the construction of ionic porous organic polymers (iPOPs) with both enhanced surface areas and hydrophilicity. This work proposed a “one stone, two birds” approach via a one-step Friedel–Crafts alkylation to simultaneously achieve cross-linking and ionization to synthesize tetraphenylethylene (TPE)-based iPOPs, denoted as TPE-NF. Compared to the iPOP, namely, TPE-NS with only ionization (9 m² g^–1), TPE-NF demonstrated a substantially enhanced surface area (1147 m² g^–1) while maintaining hydrophilicity despite the incorporation of various aromatic cross-linkers. Owing to improved O₂ utilization efficiency, enhanced photogenerated carrier separation and charge transfer efficiency, and prolonged fs-TA lifetime, TPE-NF achieved a H₂O₂ production rate of 3.49 mmol g^–1 h^–1 under air and pure water conditions, which only increased by 1.7% under an O₂-saturared condition. This demonstrated the effective O₂ utilization directly from air without the need of an external O₂ supply for TPE-NF, thereby reducing energy consumption. This study demonstrates that the design strategy based on a one-step reaction to achieve concurrent cross-linking and ionization to prepare iPOPs represents a promising approach for enhancing H₂O₂ photosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 19","pages":"13438–13446"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145247826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conformation-Driven Dispersion Control of Carbon Black by Carboxymethyl Cellulose: Implication for Binder-Particle Interactions","authors":"Eunheui Gwag,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;So Youn Kim*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02260","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The dispersion stability of Li-ion battery slurries is important for the processing and performance of energy storage systems. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is a representative polymer binder commonly used in anode slurries; however, the effect of its molecular structure, especially altered by the degree of substitution (DS), on the dispersion and stability of carbon black (CB) particles is known only empirically. In this study, we analyze how the varying molecular structure of the polymer binder affects the CB dispersion in both solution and dried states. The influence of DS on the molecular conformation of CMC and its effects on the adsorption behavior and interaction between CB and CMC are carefully investigated through a comprehensive study employing rheological, dielectric, and scattering analysis. Our findings suggest that DS is a key element of the CMC structure, which can significantly affect the CMC–CB interaction and consequently affect the CB dispersion structure and stability. We expect that our results will contribute to a better understanding of the interaction between polymer and particles and thus improve the slurry processing in various energy applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"12415–12426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsapm.5c02260","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorbitol-Modified PEDOT:PSS Based Eutectic Gel Electrodes for Stable Wearable Electrophysiological Recording","authors":"Shuwen Zheng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Kecai Shi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuzhe Gu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lele Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Wenqiong Fan,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Baoguang Liu,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yang Li*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsapm.5c02373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.5c02373","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wearable bioelectrodes with high adhesion, ionic conductivity, and mechanical stability are critical for accurate and reliable electrophysiological signal acquisition. However, conventional silver/silver chloride wet electrodes and existing dry or semidry electrodes often fail to balance conductivity, adhesion, stability, and user comfort effectively. In this work, we present a eutectic gel electrode synthesized via a straightforward preparation method incorporating 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to enhance mechanical strength and adhesion, alongside doping with modified PEDOT:PSS to improve electronic conductivity and reduce skin impedance. The resulting gel demonstrates high ionic conductivity (3.78 mS cm^–1), low skin impedance (∼54 kΩ·cm²), excellent toughness (90.55 kJ m^–3), and robust adhesion on diverse substrates. The electrode exhibits stable performance under cyclic mechanical deformation and environmental exposure, with negligible mass variation over 12 h. Applied as wearable sensors, the eutectic gel accurately captures strain signals from multiple joints and achieves a superior signal-to-noise ratio (22.4 dB vs 18.3 dB) compared to commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes in electrocardiogram monitoring, including during physical activity. Furthermore, surface electromyography recordings confirm the gel’s high sensitivity to muscle activity across various motions, demonstrating its promise as a multifunctional hydrogel electrode platform for long-term, noninvasive health monitoring and flexible epidermal electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Polymer Materials","volume":"7 18","pages":"12510–12519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145134723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}